Answers
Reactants - The substance which participate in a chemical reaction are called reactants.
\( \rm \: Example - H_2 \: , \: O_2\)
Product - The substance which are formed by chemical reaction between the reactants are called product.
\(\rm \: Example - H_2 O\)
Explanation:
reactant is a substance that is present at
the start of a chemical reaction.
product is a substance
that is present at the end of a chemical
reaction.
Related Questions
1) To increase the amount of NH3 at 200 atm, the manufacturer should (increase, decrease, not change) the temperature of the reaction chamber.
2) This change in temperature would shift the reaction to the (left, right) because this equilibrium reaction is (exothermic, endothermic)
Answers
The temperature of the reaction should be decreased
This change in temperature would make the equilibrium to shift to the right.
What is the LeChatelier principle?
The Le Chatelier's principle, commonly referred to as the Le Chatelier's principle of equilibrium, is a chemical principle that describes how an equilibrium system reacts to environmental changes.
According to this theory, when an equilibrium system is exposed to an outside force, it will respond in a way that partially offsets the imposed change and restore equilibrium.
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How many moles of potassium carbonate will be produced by the combination of 4.5 moles of potassium oxide with excess carbon dioxide?
Answers
Explanation:
Potassium oxide will combine with carbon dioxide to produce potassium carbonate according to the following equation:
K₂O + CO₂ ----> K₂CO₃
According to the coefficients of the equation, 1 mol of K₂O (when reacting with excess carbon dioxide) will produce 1 mol of K₂CO₃. The molar ratio between K₂O and K₂CO₃ is 1 to 1. We can use that relationship to find the number of moles of K₂CO₃ that will be produced by the combination of 4.5 moles of K₂O with excess CO₂.
1 mol of K₂O : 1 mol of K₂CO₃ molar ratio
moles of K₂CO₃ = 4.5 moles of K₂O * 1 mol of K₂CO₃/(1 mol of K₂O)
moles of K₂CO₃ = 4.5 moles
Answer: 4.5 moles of potassium carbonate will be produced.
In the balanced equation
2C₂H6+702--> 4CO2+6H₂O
if 21 g of C₂H6 react with 32 g O2, what is the limiting reactant?
02
C₂H6
CO₂
H₂O
Answers
In the balanced equation \(2C_{2} H_{6}\) + \(7 O_{2}\) --> \(4 CO_{2}\) + \(6H_{2}O\) if 21 g of \(C_{2} H_{6}\) reacts with 32 g O₂, C₂H6 is the limiting reactant.
To determine the limiting reactant, we need to compare the amount of each reactant to the stoichiometric ratio in the balanced equation.
Let's calculate the number of moles for each reactant using their molar masses:
For \(C_{2} H_{6}\) (ethane):
Molar mass of \(C_{2} H_{6}\) = 2(12.01 g/mol) + 6(1.01 g/mol) = 30.07 g/mol
Number of moles of C₂H6 = 21 g / 30.07 g/mol ≈ 0.698 mol
For O₂ (oxygen):
Molar mass of O₂ = 2(16.00 g/mol) = 32.00 g/mol
Number of moles of O₂ = 32 g / 32.00 g/mol = 1.00 mol
Next, we compare the moles of each reactant to the stoichiometric ratio in the balanced equation:
2 moles of \(C_{2} H_{6}\) react with 7 moles of O₂ to produce 4 moles of CO₂ and 6 moles of H₂O.
From the given amounts, we have:
0.698 mol \(C_{2} H_{6}\) and 1.00 mol O₂.
Using the stoichiometric ratio, we can calculate the expected amount of CO₂ and H₂O produced for each reactant:
For C₂H6:
Expected moles of CO₂ = 0.698 mol C₂H6 * (4 mol CO₂ / 2 mol C₂H6) = 1.396 mol CO₂
For O₂:
Expected moles of CO₂ = 1.00 mol O₂ * (4 mol CO₂ / 7 mol O₂) ≈ 0.571 mol CO₂
Comparing the expected moles, we see that the calculated amount of CO₂ is greater when used \(C_{2} H_{6}\) as the limiting reactant. Therefore, the limiting reactant in this reaction is \(C_{2} H_{6}\).
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select all of the factors that affect the rate of a chemical reaction. check all that apply a. amount of enzyme b. amount of enzyme substrate concentration c. substrate concentration ph of the reaction environment d. ph of the reaction environment e. temperature of the reaction environment
Answers
From given options, A, B, C, and D are all valid responses because they are all circumstances that can impact an enzyme's activity.
Enzyme catalyzed reaction Molecules move more quickly as a result of a rise in temperature, which increases the likelihood of collisions between substrates and enzymes and, ultimately, elevates enzymatic activity. As a result, there are fewer collisions and fewer enzymatic reactions as a result of a drop in temperature rather than a rise in the velocity of these molecules. Due to the ability of charges on the enzyme's amino acids to alter with pH, a change in the pH of the environment in which the enzyme is present may result in a change in the shape of the enzyme. This could change the enzyme's active site, improving or decreasing the enzyme's ability to bind substrate.For more information on rate of reaction kindly visit to
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How many atoms or molecules are in 10 grams of table salt?
Answers
Answer:
1.03 x 10²³ atoms NaCl
Explanation:
To find the amount of table salt (NaCl) in atoms, you need to (1) convert grams to moles (using the molar mass) and then (2) convert moles to atoms (using Avogadro's Number). It is important to arrange the ratios/conversions in a way that allows for the cancellation of units.
(Step 1)
Molar Mass (NaCl): 22.99 g/mol + 35.45 g/mol
Molar Mass (NaCl): 58.44 g/mol
10 grams NaCl 1 mole
------------------------ x ----------------------- = 0.17 moles NaCl
58.44 grams
(Step 2)
Avogadro's Number:
6.022 x 10²³ atoms = 1 mole
0.17 moles NaCl 6.022 x 10²³ atoms
-------------------------- x -------------------------------- = 1.03 x 10²³ atoms NaCl
1 mole
Disadvantage and advantage of iodine ?
- umoren sŭm..
Answers
THE ADVANTAGE OF IODIN
IODINE CAN LEAD TO GOITER AND OTHER THYROID PROBLEMS.THE DISADVANTAGE OF IODIN
IODIN MAY LEAD TO THYROIDITIS AND THYROID PAPILLARY CANCERWhich compound contains ionic bonds?
1.
N20
2.
Na20
3.
СО
4.
CO2
Answers
A curry chicken soup recipe calls for you to combine all of the main ingredients, seasonings, in 5 cups (1175 g) of chicken broth (Cs = 3.60 J/gx°C) simmering at 90.0°C until the potatoes are tender.
Coconut milk (Cs = 3.98 J/gx°C), which is initially at 25.0 °C, is added and stirred until mixed.
How many grams of coconut milk was added if the final temperature of the soup was found to be 72.0 °C?
(Answer to a whole number and don't forget your units)
Answers
The amount of coconut milk added if the final temperature of the soup was found to be 72.0 °C is 430g
The amount of coconut milk added can be found using the equation:
m₁C₁ΔT₁ = m₂C₂ΔT₂
Where m is the mass, C is the specific heat, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
In this equation, m₁ is the mass of the coconut milk, C₁ is the specific heat of the coconut milk, ΔT₁ is the change in temperature of the coconut milk, m₂ is the mass of the soup, C₂ is the specific heat of the soup, and ΔT₂ is the change in temperature of the soup.
We are given the specific heat of the coconut milk and the soup, the change in temperature of the soup, and the final temperature of the soup. This allows us to solve for the mass of the coconut milk, which is m₁.
m₁ = m₂C₂ΔT₁/C₁ΔT₂
m₁ = (1175 g)(3.60 J/g°C)(72.0°C - 90.0°C)/(3.98 J/g°C)(72.0°C - 25.0°C)
m₁ = -427 g
This answer is impossible because the mass of a substance cannot be negative. By solving it in other means we get,
The amount of coconut milk added can be found using the equation
ΔQ = mCΔT
ΔQ is the heat transfer, m is the mass, C is the specific heat, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
We are given the specific heat of coconut milk (Cs = 3.98 J/g°C), the initial temperature of the coconut milk (25.0°C), the final temperature of the soup (72.0°C), and the heat transfer of the soup (ΔQ = 1176 * 3.6*47 = 81168 Joules).
Therefore, the equation becomes:
81168 = m(3.98)(47)
m = 81168 / (3.98 * 47)
m = 81168 / 189.06
m = 429.6 grams
The amount of coconut milk added was 429.6g which could be rounded off as 430g
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please help me solve
Answers
The answer is D) 5 × 10⁻³.
The equilibrium constant expression for the reaction is given by:
\(K = [H_3O^+]^2 [C_2O_4^{-2}] / [H_2C_2O_4]\)
Since oxalic acid is a diprotic acid, its dissociation occurs in two steps, and the given values of Kx and K2 correspond to the dissociation constants of the first and second steps, respectively. The overall dissociation constant, K, can be expressed in terms of Kx and K2 as:
K = Kx × K2
Substituting the given values of Kx and K2:
K = 5 × 10⁻⁵ × 5 × 10⁻¹⁰
K = 2.5 × 10⁻¹⁴
Comparing the calculated value with the options given:
A) 5 × 10² - Not equal
B) 5 × 10¹⁰ - Not equal
C) 25 × 10⁻¹ - Not equal
D) 5 × 10⁻³ - Equal
Therefore, the answer is D) 5 × 10⁻³
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What information is provided by the modern periodic table, which is based on the one that Mendeleev developed? Choose the two statements that
apply.
A. It lists all the physical properties of the elements.
B. It organizes the elements according to their properties.
C. It identifies the particles that make up the atom of each element.
D. It lists the number of protons in the atoms that make up each element.
E. It organizes both elements and compounds based on chemical properties.
Answers
Answer:
( essay ) a time when i got lost somewhere
what volume increment can be contained between the smallest adjacent lines in a 10 ml graduated cylinder?
Answers
Answer
If you look at a 10mL graduated cylinder, the smallest graduation is a tenth of a milliliter (0.1mL).
Thus, the volume increment that can be contained between the smallest adjacent lines in a 10 mL graduated cylinder is 0.1 mL.
Match each reaction to its correct type by dragging it to the appropriate box on the left. Click Done to
check your answers. Drag the items on the left to the correct location on the right.
Answers
From the image attached;
Reaction 1 - Oxidation reduction
Reaction 2 - Precipitation reaction
Reaction 3 - Acid base reaction
Reaction 4 - Reaction with oxygen
What is reaction?A reaction is a procedure or an occurrence in which a change takes place, frequently leading to the conversion of one or more compounds into other substances. A chemical reaction, which entails the rupturing and creation of chemical bonds between atoms or molecules, is what is meant when the word "reaction" is used in reference to chemistry.
When reactant molecules collide with enough force and in the right orientation, the current chemical bonds are broken, and new bonds are formed, converting the reactants into products.
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The pictures show butter and water in solid states. The melting point of each substance is shown.
Students put solid butter and solid water on a table. The air temperature around the table is 20°C.
Answers
Students put solid butter and solid water on a table. The air temperature around the table is 20°C. After two hours, The butter will remain a solid, and the water will become a liquid. Therefore, option B is correct.
What do you mean by states of matter ?A state of matter is one of the various forms that matter can take. In everyday life, four states of matter are visible: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.
On a table, students placed solid butter and solid water. The temperature of the air around the table is 20°C. The butter will remain solid after two hours, while the water will become liquid.
Thus, option B is correct.
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Your question is incomplete, most probably your question was
The pictures show butter and water in solid states. The melting point of each substance is shown.
Students put solid butter and solid water on a table. The air temperature around the table is 20°C.
A. The butter and water will both become liquids.
B. The butter will remain a solid, and the water will become a liquid.
C. The butter and water will both remain solids.
D. The butter will become a liquid, and the water will remain a solid.
Which of the following answer choices represents a typical anion
Answers
Answer:
This question is incomplete
Explanation:
This question is incomplete but generally, anions are ions that are made up of an atom or group of atoms (polyatomic) that are negatively charged. The first thing one should look out for when trying to identify an anion is the negative charge. Examples of anions include Cl⁻, O²⁻, N³⁻, NO₃⁻, SO₄²⁻, PO₄³⁻and AsO₄³⁻.
How many atoms are in 13.0 g Sr
Answers
Answer: 7.505
×
10
22
atoms. (rounded to third place of decimal)
Explanation:
The following balanced equation shows the formation of ammonia.
N2 + 3H2 Right arrow. 2NH3
How many moles of nitrogen are needed to completely convert 6.34 mol of hydrogen?
Answers
Answer:
For completely converting 6.34 moles of hydrogen to ammonia, 2.11 moles of Nitrogen is required.
The chemical reaction for the formation of ammonia by nitrogen and hydrogen reaction has been as follows:
For the formation of 2 moles of ammonia, 3 moles of hydrogen, and 1 mole of nitrogen s required.
The utilization of 3 moles of hydrogen requires 1 mole of Nitrogen.
So, the utilization of 6.34 moles of hydrogen requires:
3 moles Hydrogen = 1 -mole Nitrogen
6.34 moles hydrogen = moles of Nitrogen
6.34 moles of hydrogen requires = 2.11 moles of Nitrogen.
For completely converting 6.34 moles of hydrogen to ammonia, 2.11 moles of Nitrogen is required.
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rating answer section
Answer rating5.0
(20 votes)
How many MOLES of carbon tetrachloride are present in 3.70 grams of this compound ?
Answers
Answer: there are 0.024 moles of CCl4 present in 3.70 grams of this compound
Explanation: To determine the number of moles of a compound present in a given mass, we can use the formula:
moles = mass / molar mass
where molar mass is the mass of one mole of the compound and is measured in g/mol.
The molar mass of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is 153.82 g/mol.
So to find the number of moles of CCl4 present in 3.70 grams, we can plug in the values into the formula:
moles = 3.70 g / 153.82 g/mol
moles = 0.024 mol
Therefore, there are 0.024 moles of CCl4 present in 3.70 grams of this compound.
Which of the following best describes the third law of thermodynamics?
A) U(univ) = U(sys) + U(surr)
B) S* = 0 for perfect Li(s) at 0 K
C) S (univ) > 0 (spontaneous process)
D) SH(rev)/T at constant T
E) G=H-TS
Answers
A) U(univ) = U(sys) + U(surr)
B) S* = 0 for perfect Li(s) at O
K
C) S (univ) > 0 (spontaneous process)
D) SH(rev)/T at constant T
E) G=H-TS
Use the following information to answer the next 4 questions. Consider the following equilibrium: 2N02(g) + 2NO(g) + 02(g) Initially, 0.600 mol of NO, is placed in a 1.00 L flask. At equilibrium, the concentration of NO was found to be 0.460 mol/L. •The equilibrium law expression would be Select one:
Answers
Answer:
Second Option ([O2]*[NO]^2)/[NO2]^2
Explanation:
To find the Kc value of a reaction, you must divide the concentration of the products over the concentration of the reactants (divide right side of the reaction by the left side of the reaction)
you must also remember to turn the multiplier prefix such as the '2' in the 2NO into an exponent for that particular molecule in the Kc equation
as such, the second option is correct
1. Write the IUPAC names for the following 1.1 1.2 N 1.3 O NO2 x Y ·0 OH 5
Answers
1. The IUPAC name of N is nitrogen.
2. Nitrogen dioxide
3.The IUPAC name of O is oxygen
4.The IUPAC name of OH is hydroxyl.
The IUPAC name of ·0 is a radical. It is commonly found in organic chemistry and plays an important role in many reactions.
IUPAC names for the given compounds are:1.1. N: Nitrogen
The IUPAC name of N is nitrogen.
It is a non-metal and belongs to group 15 in the periodic table. It has an electronic configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p3.1.2. NO2: Nitrogen dioxide
Explanation: NO2 is a chemical compound that is formed by the combination of nitrogen and oxygen. It is a reddish-brown gas that has a pungent odor.
The IUPAC name of NO2 is nitrogen dioxide.1.3. O: Oxygen
Explanation: The IUPAC name of O is oxygen.
It is a non-metal and belongs to group 16 in the periodic table. It has an electronic configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p4.
X: UnknownExplanation: No IUPAC name can be given to an unknown compound as the structure and composition are not known.
Y: Hydroxyl Explanation: The IUPAC name of OH is hydroxyl.
It is a functional group that is composed of an oxygen atom and a hydrogen atom (-OH). It is commonly found in alcohols and phenols. ·0: RadicalExplanation: A radical is a molecule or an ion that contains an unpaired electron.
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Note: The complete question is given below
Provide the IUPAC names for the following compounds:
\(CH_3CH_2CH(CH_3)CH_2CH_2CH_2CH_3\)
C6H5CH(CH3)2
H2NCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH
CH3CH2CH2CHOHCH3
Brainliest 100pts
Part A:
In this lab we first mixed some liver with hydrogen peroxide in test tube #1 and observed foaming letting it completely react. Then we poured off the remaining liquid into a second test tube #2. Next we added fresh liver to test tube #2 and no reaction (foaming) occurred because;
A)The liquid in test tube #2 was Oxygen.
B)The liquid in test tube #2 was water.
C)The liquid in test tube #2 was Hydrogen peroxide.
D)The liquid in test tube #2 was Catalase.
Part B:
After pouring out the liquid from test tube#1 as described above, we then added fresh hydrogen peroxide back into test tube #1 with the original piece of liver still in it, and it began to foam again. The new foaming is evidence of which of the following claims?
Question 7 options:
After pouring out the liquid from test tube#1 as described above, we then added fresh hydrogen peroxide back into test tube #1 with the original piece of liver still in it, and it began to foam again. The new foaming is evidence of which of the following claims?
Question 7 options:
After pouring out the liquid from test tube#1 as described above, we then added fresh hydrogen peroxide back into test tube #1 with the original piece of liver still in it, and it began to foam again. The new foaming is evidence of which of the following claims?
A)The first chemical reaction produced more Catalase, and so when more hydrogen peroxide was introduced, the foaming began again.
B)The Catalase was still present in the liver tissue because the enzyme was not used up as a reactant in the chemical reaction.
C)After the liquid water was poured out earlier, the new hydrogen peroxide reacted with the oxygen in the air to start the foaming process again.
D)The Catalase was poured out of the test tube earlier leaving the hydrogen peroxide found in liver tissue to react again with oxygen.
Answers
In part A, The liquid in test tube #2 was Catalase. So option D is correct.
In part B, The new foaming is evidence of which of the claim that the Catalase was still present in the liver tissue because the enzyme was not used up as a reactant in the chemical reaction. So option B is correct.
What is catalase?Catalase can be described as an enzyme that will catalyze the reaction that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water.
Hydrogen peroxide is a strong compound that has the function of protecting microorganisms but due to its toxicity it must be transformed into less dangerous products, so catalase is vital as it breaks it down into oxygen and water.
We can confirm that the liquid in test tube #2 was catalase because it will break down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen so it will not react with the liver.
The new foaming is evidence of which of the claim that the Catalase was still present in the liver tissue because the enzyme was not used up as a reactant in the chemical reaction.
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What is the name of the compound shown below?
A. 2-pentene
B. 1-propene
C. 2-propene
D. 1-pentene
Answers
The name of the compound shown below is 1- pentene. The correct answer is option D.
A compound is a substance made up of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio.
1-pentene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon with the chemical formula \(\rm C_5H_{10}\). It is an alkene, which means it contains a carbon-carbon double bond.
The structure of 1-pentene is characterized by a chain of five carbon atoms (pentane) with one double bond between the first and second carbon atoms. The double bond causes the molecule to have a planar structure, with all atoms lying in the same plane. The remaining three carbon atoms in the chain are each bonded to two hydrogen atoms.Therefore, option D. 1-pentene is the name of the compound shown.
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plzz help me cant remember the parts of the flower.
Answers
A is the petal and b is the leaf. I think.
The amount of water (density 1.00 g mL-1) in grams that must be added to 26.2 g of
MgCl2 in the preparation of a 1.5 % by mass solution is:
Answers
Answer:
1720.8g water are necessaries
Explanation:
Mass percent is defined as the mass of solute (In this case, MgCl2) in 100g of solution (Mass MgCl2 + Mass water). To solve this question we must find the mass of solution that we need to produce th 1.5% by mass solution. Thus, we can find the mass of water that we need as follows:
Mass solution:
26.2g MgCl2 * (100g Solution / 1.5g MgCl2) = 1747g solution
Mass water:
1747g solution - 26.2g MgCl2 = 1720.8g water are necessaries
3. How much heat must be added to a 15.4 g sample of silver so that its temperature rises by
11.2 °C? The specific heat of silver is 0.235 J/gºC.
Answers
The specific heat of silver is 0.235 J/gºC is 94J.
We need to calculate the amount of heat that needs to be added to raise the temperature of the iron sample by 250.0 °C. Iron should produce 4060 J or 4.06 kJ of heat energy. The heat output of a substance is called its specific heat capacity or specific heat when the mass of the substance is 1. The specific heat capacity of silver is 235 Jkg−1K−1.
Assuming you mean kJ/kg K and kJ/kg C, K is the unit of the Kelvin temperature scale and C is the unit of the Celsius temperature scale. The Kelvin scale has the same units but a different zero point. The exact value for the specific heat capacity of water is 4182 J/kg°C. Now, water is a very common and important substance in our lives. Therefore, there is a special method for finding the total amount of thermal energy required to increase 1 calorie to 1 degree Celsius in 1 gram of water.
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The amount of heat must be added to the sample of silver to rise the temperature by 11.2°C is 40.533 joules.
The specific heat capacity of a substance, also known as the massic heat capacity, is the heat capacity of a sample of the substance divided by the mass of the sample.
The specific heat capacity of silver is 0.235 J/ g °C.
The temperature of silver is 11.2°C.
The mass of the silver is 15.4 grams.
So,
m = 15.4 g
C = 0.235 J/ g °C
ΔT = 11.2°C
Now, we have
Q = mCΔT
Q = 15.4 × 0.235 × 11.2
Q = 40.533 J
Therefore, the heat that must be added to the sample of silver is 40.533 joules.
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In some molecules and polyatomic ions, the sum of the valence electrons is odd and as a result the octet rule fails.
a. True
b. False
Answers
Answer:
a
Explanation:
Answer:
True
Explanation:
as electronegativity difference increases, bond length decreases. when a metal gains an electron, the process is endothermic. ... atoms surrounded by 7 valence electrons tend to lose electrons
Which of the following set of quantum numbers (ordered n, ℓ, mℓ ) are possible for an electron in an atom? Check all that apply
a. 2, 1, 3
b. 5, 3, -3
c. 4, 3, -2
d. -4, 3, 1
e. 2, 1, -2
f. 3, 2, 2
g. 3, 3, 1
Answers
the possible quantum numbers (ordered n, ℓ, mℓ ) are:Option B.5, 3, -3 and Option C. 4, 3, -2
The quantum numbers n, ℓ, mℓ represent respectively the principal quantum number, the orbital angular momentum quantum number and the magnetic quantum number.
These are the three most important quantum numbers. T
here is another quantum number called the spin quantum number, denoted by ms.
Let's see which of the given quantum number sets is possible.2, 1, 3 is not possible because for ℓ = 1, mℓ can only be -1, 0, or 1. 5, 3, -3 is possible.4, 3, -2 is possible. -4, 3, 1 is not possible.
For any value of ℓ, mℓ must be between -ℓ and +ℓ. e. 2, 1, -2 is not possible because for ℓ = 1, mℓ can only be -1, 0, or 1. f. 3, 2, 2 is not possible because for ℓ = 2, mℓ can only be -2, -1, 0, +1, or +2. g. 3, 3, 1 is not possible because for any value of ℓ, mℓ must be between -ℓ and +ℓ.
Therefore, the possible quantum numbers (ordered n, ℓ, mℓ ) are:5, 3, -34, 3, -2
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Which property of gold BEST makes panning possible
Answers
Answer:
Brightness
Explanation:
Answer:
Brightness is the property that enable the panning of gold possible
At which of the following temperatures is the average kinetic energy of molecules od a substance greatest
Answers
Answer:
Correct option is C)
Kinetic Energy at 20
o
C=293K
=3/2K
B
T=3/2K
B
(293)J=K.E
1
kE
2
=2K.E
1
2
2
3
K
^
B
(293)=
2
3
K
^
B
T
T=586K
=313
o
C
for each pair of compounds below , identify the one that would be expected to have more ionic character.explain you choice. (a)NaBr or HBr (b)BrCl or FCl
Answers
Answer:
a)NaBr
b)FCl
Explanation:
To identify which compound is more ionic we will calculate the electronegativity difference.
A) NaBr
Electronegativity of Na = 0.93
Electronegativity of Br = 2.96
Electronegativity difference = 2.96- 0.93 = 2.03
HBr
Electronegativity of H = 2.2
Electronegativity of Br = 2.96
Electronegativity difference = 2.96 - 2.2 = 0.76
NaBr have more ionic character because of large electronegativity difference.
B) BrCl
Electronegativity of Cl = 3.16
Electronegativity of Br = 2.96
Electronegativity difference = 3.16 - 2.96 = 0.2
FCl
Electronegativity of F = 3.98
Electronegativity of Br = 2.96
Electronegativity difference = 3.98 - 2.96 = 1.02
FCl have more ionic character because of large electronegativity difference.