Which of the following is true:
a. The total entropy of the universe decreases whenever an irreversible process occurs.
b. The total entropy of the universe increases whenever an irreversible process occurs.
c. The total entropy of the universe does not change whenever an irreversible process occurs.

Answer:

4 meters per second

Explanation:

R = d/t

If a ball takes 10 seconds to roll 40 meters, then the average speed of the ball would be 4 meters / seconds .

The total distance covered by any object per unit of time is known as speed. It depends only on the magnitude of the moving object.

As given in the problem we have to find the average speed of the ball if the ball takes 10 seconds to roll 40 meters,

The total distance moved by the ball = 40 meters

The time taken by the ball to roll = 10 seconds

The average speed of the ball = 40 / 10

                                                   = 4 meters / second

Thus, the average speed of the ball would be  4 meters / second.

To learn more about speed here, refer to the link given below;

brainly.com/question/7359669

#SPJ2

The maximum velocity of air is approximately 0.767 m/s.

The maximum velocity of air to keep the flow laminar in a pipe can be determined using the Reynolds number (Re). When the Reynolds number is less than 2300, the flow is considered laminar. The Reynolds number is given by:

Re = (ρvd)/μ

where ρ is the density of the fluid, v is the velocity of the fluid, d is the diameter of the pipe, and μ is the viscosity of the fluid.

Substituting the values given in the question, we get:

d = 3 cm = 0.03 m (diameter of the pipe)

ρ = 1.2 kg/m³ (density of air at 1 atmosphere and 20°C)

μ = 1.8 x 10^-5 Pa·s (viscosity of air at 20°C)

Re = 2300 (maximum Reynolds number for laminar flow)

Solving for the maximum velocity (v), we get:

v = Reμ/ρd

Substituting the values, we get:

v = (2300 x 1.8 x 10^-5)/(1.2 x 0.03)

v = 0.767 m/s

Therefore, the maximum velocity of air to keep the flow laminar in a 3 centimeter diameter pipe at 1 atmosphere and 20°C is approximately 0.767 m/s.

To know more about velocity, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/17127206#

#SPJ11

Algol is a binary star system consisting of two stars orbiting around their common center of mass.

The more massive star, Algol A, is still on the main sequence, while the less massive star, Algol B, has evolved into a red giant.

This difference in evolutionary stage can be explained by their initial masses and the difference in their ages.

The more massive a star is, the faster it consumes its nuclear fuel and progresses through its evolutionary stages. In the case of Algol, Algol A is more massive than Algol B, which means that it burns its nuclear fuel at a higher rate.

Algol B, being less massive, has a lower rate of energy production and a longer lifespan. As it exhausts the hydrogen fuel in its core, it expands and enters the red giant phase.

This expansion occurs as the core contracts and the outer layers of the star expand, causing it to become larger and cooler, leading to its classification as a red giant.

On the other hand, Algol A, being more massive, continues to burn hydrogen in its core at a faster rate, maintaining its high core temperature and pressure. As a result, it remains on the main sequence, where stars primarily burn hydrogen into helium through nuclear fusion.

The difference in evolutionary stage between the two stars in Algol is primarily determined by their masses and their different rates of energy production and consumption.

The more massive star progresses faster through its life cycle, while the less massive star evolves more slowly, leading to the difference in their evolutionary stages observed in the Algol binary system.

To learn more about algol, refer below:

https://brainly.com/question/25271359

#SPJ11

A math question that is written as one or more sentences and asks students to use their mathematical understanding to solve an issue from "real world" is known as a word problem.

One of the first applications of math that we encounter are word problems. Many grade school students find word problems to be the most stressful type of math problem. A great selection of word problems for each of the four fundamental math operations can be found on this page.

There are word problems for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Each type of problem starts out simple and straightforward and progresses to require more complex reasoning—a skill that is required on many standardized tests. Along the way, students will encounter a variety of operations that call for them to determine the kind of story problem they must resolve.

Learn more about word problem

https://brainly.com/question/29027588

#SPJ1

Answer: mathematical model

Explanation: just took the test

The requried model  Qin = W + Qout A, Mathematical model. Option B is correct.

An equation model is a type of mathematical model that uses equations to describe the behavior of a system or phenomenon. In an equation model, mathematical expressions are used to represent the relationship between different variables that are involved in the system. These variables can represent physical quantities, such as force, velocity, and temperature, or abstract concepts, such as market demand, population growth, and economic indicators.

Here,
The equation Qin = W + Qout is a mathematical model, as it is a mathematical representation of the input (Qin), output (Qout), and work done (W) in a thermodynamic system. A mathematical model uses mathematical concepts and equations to describe and predict the behavior of a system or phenomenon.

Thus, the requried model  Qin = W + Qout A, Mathematical model. Option B is correct.

Learn more about equation models here:

https://brainly.com/question/22591166

#SPJ2

The kinetic energy of the child at the bottom of the incline is 106.62 J.

The given parameters:

The vertical height of fall of the child from the top of the incline is calculated as;

\(sin(20) = \frac{h}{2} \\\\h = 2 \times sin(20)\\\\h = 0.68 \ m\)

The gravitational potential energy of the child at the top of the incline is calculated as;

\(P.E = mgh\\\\P.E = 16 \times 9.8 \times 0.68\\\\P.E = 106.62 \ J\)

Thus, based on the principle of conservation of mechanical energy, the kinetic energy of the child at the bottom of the incline is 106.62 J since no energy is lost to friction.

Learn more about conservation of mechanical energy here: https://brainly.com/question/332163

The resulting charge on A is \(1.6 x 10^-7\) C, and the resulting charge on B is \(-3.2 x 10^-7\) C.

A charge is a property of matter that results from the presence or absence of electrons. It can be either positive or negative, and two objects with opposite charges will be attracted to each other, while two objects with the same charge will repel each other. The unit of charge is the Coulomb (C), which is defined as the amount of charge carried by 6.242 x 10^18 electrons. The concept of charge is important in many areas of physics, including electricity and magnetism, and plays a role in many natural phenomena and technological applications.

The charge on object A is \(-1.6 X10^-13\)C.

When two million electrons are removed from object A, the charge on object A becomes more negative. The charge on object A can be calculated using the formula:

Q = Q - ne,

where Q is the original charge, n is the number of electrons, and e is the charge of an electron, which is -1.6 x 10^-19 C.

Therefore, the charge on object A becomes:

\(Q = -1.6 X 10^-13 C - (2X10^6)(-1.6X 10^-19 C)\)

\(= -1.6 X 10^-13 C + 3.2X 10^-7 C\)

= 1.6 x 10^-7 C

Object B starts as electrically neutral, which means that the total charge on B is 0 C. When two million electrons are placed on object B, the charge on object B becomes more negative. The charge on object B can be calculated using the formula:

Q = Q + ne,

where Q is the original charge, n is the number of electrons, and e is the charge of an electron, which is -1.6 x 10^-19 C.

Therefore, the charge on object B becomes:

Q = 0 C + (2 x 10^6)(-1.6 x 10^-19 C)

\(= -3.2 X 10^-7 C.\)

So, the resulting charge on A is\(1.6 X 10^-7\)C, and the resulting charge on B is \(-3.2X 10^-7\) C.

To know more about electrons visit:

brainly.com/question/17066934

#SPJ1

FULL SOLUTION BELOW THE PIC.

To know more about energy visit:

https://brainly.com/question/1932868

#SPJ4

Answer:

Sound waves are the longitudinal waves which are made of compression and rarefaction. So the compression is the region where the molecules compress so the ANSWER should be rarefaction region as the molecules spread out or expand.

Answer:2.45 s rounded

Explanation:

29.4m=1/2(-9.8)t^2

29.4/-4.9=6

√6= 2.44> rounded> 2.45 s

Answer:

Explanation:

chemical energy  :)   yay...  we can live  :D  

Answer:

The index of refraction varies with frequency or color. Frequency does not change as light travels from one medium to another.

Explanation:

Green light has a higher refractive index than orange light for the same material because orange color has a higher wavelength than green light and if the wavelength of light increases the refractive index decreases.

The distance between two identical locations (adjacent crests) in successive cycles is known as the wavelength, and it is used to describe waveform signals that are transmitted over wires or into space. Typically, in wireless systems, this length is specified in meters (m), centimeters (cm), or millimeters (mm). The wavelength is more frequently described in nanometers (nm), which are units of 10-9 m, or angstroms, which are units of 10-10 m, for infrared (IR), visible light (UV), and gamma radiation.

Frequency, which is defined as the number of wave cycles per second, and wavelength have an inverse relationship. The wavelength of a signal decreases with increasing frequency, or we can say that wavelength and refractive index are inversely proportional to each other.

To get more information about Wavelength :

https://brainly.com/question/13533093

#SPJ5

Answer: 350 N

Explanation:

Given

Mass of ball is \(0.5\ kg\)

Speed of ball after rebound is \(v=2\ m/s\)

Time period for impulse \(t=0.01\ s\)

Impulse imparted in equal to the change in the momentum of object

\(\Rightarrow J=m(v-u)\quad [\text{u=speed of ball before collision}]\\\Rightarrow J=0.5\times \left(2-(-5)\right)\\\Rightarrow J=0.5\times 7\\\Rightarrow J=3.5\ N.s\)

Impulse is the product of average force and duration of application

\(\Rightarrow J=F_{avg}\cdot \Delta t\\\Rightarrow 3.5=F_{avg}\times 0.01\\\\\Rightarrow F_{avg}=350\ N\)

Answer:

Approximately \(4.50 \times 10^{11}\; {\rm s}\).

Explanation:

The speed of light is \(c \approx 3.00\times 10^{8}\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}}\).

Note that the standard unit of energy, joule, is a derived unit. In terms of the standard base units:

\(\begin{aligned}1\; {\rm J} &= (1\; {\rm N})\, (1\; {\rm m}) \\ &= (1\; {\rm kg \cdot m \cdot s^{-2}})\, (1\; {\rm m}) \\ &= 1\; {\rm kg \cdot m^{2} \cdot s^{-2}} \end{aligned}\).

Apply unit conversion and ensure that the unit of mass is in the standard unit kilogram (\({\rm kg}\)):

\(\begin{aligned} m &= 1\; {\rm g} \times \frac{1\; {\rm kg}}{10^{3}\; {\rm g}} &= 10^{-3}\; {\rm kg}\end{aligned}\).

Apply the equation \(E = m\, c^{2}\) to find the energy equivalent to \(m = 10^{-3}\; {\rm kg}\) of matter:

\(\begin{aligned}E &= m\, c^{2} \\ &= (10^{-3}\; {\rm kg})\, (3.00 \times 10^{8}\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}})^{2} \\ &= 9.00\times 10^{13}\; {\rm kg \cdot m^{2} \cdot s^{-2}} \\ &= 9.00\times 10^{13}\; {\rm J} \end{aligned}\).

Divide energy \(E\) by power \(P\) to find the duration \(t\) of the power consumption:

\(\begin{aligned} t &= \frac{E}{P} \\ &\approx \frac{9.00 \times 10^{13}\; {\rm J}}{200\; {\rm J \cdot s^{-1}}} \\ &= 4.50 \times 10^{11}\; {\rm s}\end{aligned}\).

In other words, the energy equivalent to \(1\; {\rm g}\) of matter could power this fridge for approximately \(4.50 \times 10^{11}\; {\rm s}\).

Answer:

The object accelerates downward at 4 m/s² since the tension on the rope is less than weight of the object.

Explanation:

Given;

mass of the object, m = 2 kg

weigh of the object, W = 20 N

tension on the rope, T = 12 N

The acceleration of the object is calculated by applying Newton's second law of motion as follows;

T = F + W

T = ma + W

ma = T - W

\(a = \frac{T-W}{m} \\\\a = \frac{12 - 20}{2} \\\\a = -4 \ m/s^2\) (the negative sign indicates deceleration of the object)

The object accelerates downward at 4 m/s² since the tension on the rope is less than weight of the object.

The values of all sub-parts have been obtained.

(1).  The maximum factored load the beam can withstand is 45.2 kN/m.

(2).  The moment resistance of the cross-section is 291735.65 Nm.

(3).  The factored moment demand is 27939.6 Nm

1) To draw the governing shear and bending moment diagram for the factored load, we need to first calculate the maximum factored load that the beam can withstand.

The maximum factored load on the beam is given by:

Dead Load = 20 kN/m + 15 kN

                   = 35 kN/m.

Live Load = 2 kN/m + 1 kN

                = 3 kN/m.

Total Factored Load = 1.2 x Dead Load + 1.6 x Live Load

                                  = 1.2 x 35 kN/m + 1.6 x 3 kN/m

                                  = 45.2 kN/m.

The maximum factored load the beam can withstand is 45.2 kN/m.

The shear force and bending moment diagrams for the given factored load can be obtained as shown below:

Shear Force Diagram:

Bending Moment Diagram:

2) To calculate the moment resistance of the cross-section, we can use the formula:

MR = σst A'(d - a/2) + 0.85f'c A''(d - a/2)

Where, σst = yield stress of tension steel [σst = fy / γst],

γst = safety factor for tension steel [γst = 1.15A']

A' = area of tension steel, [A'' = b(d - a)].

Where,

b = width of the beam [b = 600 mm],  

d = total height of the beam [d= 1000 mm],

a = effective depth of tension steel [a = 920 mm]

f'c = compressive strength of concrete [f'c = 25 MPa],

MR = σst A'(d - a/2) + 0.85f'c A''(d - a/2)

MR = (400 / 1.15) x 10 x (1000 - 920/2) + 0.85 x 25 x 590 x (1000 - 920/2)

MR = 291735.65 Nm

The moment resistance of the cross-section is 291735.65 Nm.

3) To check if this cross-section is adequately designed to resist the factored bending moment (LRFD), we need to calculate the factored moment demand and compare it with the moment resistance.

The factored moment demand is given by:

MF = ϕ x Mu

Where,ϕ = resistance factor = 0.9, Mu = factored bending moment

Mu = 1.2 x Dead Load x L2 / 8 + 1.6 x Live Load x L2 / 8 + 1.2 x (Dead Load + Live Load) x L2 / 2

   = 1.2 x 35 x 152 / 8 + 1.6 x 3 x 152 / 8 + 1.2 x 38 x 152 / 2

   = 31044 Nm

MF = ϕ x Mu

     = 0.9 x 31044

    = 27939.6 Nm

The factored moment demand is 27939.6 Nm, which is less than the moment resistance of the cross-section, i.e., 291735.65 Nm.

Therefore, this cross-section is adequately designed to resist the factored bending moment.

To learn more about factored bending moment demand from the given link.

https://brainly.com/question/31385809

#SPJ11

The magnitude of this vector is 9.43 and the direction angle of the vector is 58°.

The initial point and the terminal point of the vectors are (3 - 5) and (-2, 3) respectively.

The characteristics of the vector mainly includes the magnitude and the direction of the angle of the vector.

The magnitude of this vector will be given by,

M = √((-2-3)²+(3+5)²)

M = √(25+64)

M = √89

M = 9.43

The direction angle of this vector with the x-axis will be given by,

Tan A = (8/-5)

Tan A = -1.6

A = 58°.

The direction angle of this vector is 58 degree.

To know more about Vector, visit,

https://brainly.com/question/25705666

#SPJ4

Answer: D. The magnitude is StartRoot 89 EndRoot, and the direction angle is about 122°.

Explanation:

Because of their electrical configurations, they have been given the more apt name, Group 18. Possibilities Both a C are really the isotopes since their outer layer is completed but they do not interact with anyone.

Noble gases are all seven of the basic components that make up Division 18 of the chemical elements. The constituent elements include hydrogen, xenon, radon, atoms, mercury, radon, and oganesson (Og). Inert, flavorless, unscented, and nonflammable gases are known as noble gases.

This definition classifies copper, silver, and gold as noble metals. A superb metal is also one that is resistant to corrosion and oxidation.

To know more about noble gases visit:

brainly.com/question/11764545

#SPJ4

We have that Since Cart A spends t=77.5secs and Cart B spends t=50sec

Therefore

The Cart A wins the Race and by 25.5( 77.7-50)secs

From the question we are told

For Cart A

Generally the equation for the Velocity  is mathematically given as

\(v=\frac{d}{t}\\\\t=\frac{d}{v}\\\\t=\frac{1000}{20}\\\\t=50sec\)

For Cart B

Generally the Newtons equation for the Motion  is mathematically given as

\(S=ut+1/2at^2\\\\Therefore\\\\S=ut+1/2at^2\\\\1000=0+1/2*(0.33)t^2\\\\t=\frac{1000}{1/2*(0.33}}\\\\t=77.5secs\)

Since

Cart A spends t=77.5secs and Cart B spends t=50sec

Therefore

The Cart A wins the Race and by 25.5( 77.7-50)secs

For more information on this visit

https://brainly.com/question/12319416?referrer=searchResults

Answer:

transverse i think

Explanation:

Answer:

Six is the only number that is both the sum and the product of three consecutive positive numbers.

Explanation:

The question addresses the stability of the atmosphere and the factors that determine convective stability or instability. It also explains the difference between the adiabatic lapse rate of dry air and wet saturated air.

a) The stability of the atmosphere is determined by the temperature profile and relative densities of the air cell and atmosphere. If the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere decreases with altitude at a rate greater than the adiabatic lapse rate of the air cell, the atmosphere is considered convectively stable.

In this case, the air cell will return to its original position. Conversely, if the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere decreases slower than the adiabatic lapse rate of the air cell, the atmosphere is convectively unstable. The air cell will continue moving in the same direction.

b) The adiabatic lapse rate refers to the rate at which temperature decreases with altitude for a parcel of air lifted or descending adiabatically (without exchanging heat with its surroundings). The adiabatic lapse rate of dry air is higher (around \(9.8^0C\) per kilometer) compared to the adiabatic lapse rate of wet saturated air (around 5°C per kilometer).

This difference arises because when water vapor condenses during the ascent of saturated air, latent heat is released, reducing the rate of temperature decrease. A diagram can illustrate the difference between the two lapse rates, showcasing their respective slopes.

c) When wet unsaturated air rises from the ocean surface, its temperature decreases at a rate equal to the dry adiabatic lapse rate. However, if the ambient lapse rate (temperature decrease with altitude) is higher than the adiabatic lapse rate for dry air, a temperature inversion layer forms at higher altitudes.

In this inversion layer, the temperature increases with altitude instead of decreasing. A schematic diagram can depict the temperature changes of the wet air in comparison to the ambient temperature, showing the inversion layer.

Cumulus clouds form at the altitude where the rising moist air reaches the level of the temperature inversion layer. These clouds are formed due to the condensation of water vapor as the air parcel cools to its dew point temperature.

Learn more about adiabatic lapse rates here:

https://brainly.com/question/30023377

#SPJ11

The static friction coefficient is higher than the kinetic friction coefficient.

What is static friction?

Friction is the obstruction or resistance that prevents one solid object from rolling or sliding over another. F indicates this. Any solid and liquid layer motion is opposed by a force. When two materials slide over one another, this force is created. There is friction all around us. For instance, when we walk, the ground is in contact with our feet. When we walk, one foot advances while the other moves backward, applying pressure to the ground. When this force is applied to the ground, the ground applies an equal and opposing force to our feet. One of the laws of motion is being followed in this situation.

To learn more about friction go through the given link: https://brainly.com/question/24338873
#SPJ4

Answer: Down below is the answer in complete sentences!

Explanation:

PART A:

Gravity and Acceleration are two additional forces acting upon the sled.

PART B:

Gravity will affect the sled by pulling it down, since the slope of the hill is negative.

Acceleration will affect the sled by gradually increasing it's speed, since the slope is downwards, which in addition to the initial force exerted plus gravity increases the speed, thus the sled accelerates.

Answer:

135.8 N

Explanation:

You multiply the mass by the acceleration then you get your answer

(i) Kinetic energy of larger child is more (ii) larger child has more speed (iii) smaller child has more average acceleration

(i) The kinetic energy of the smaller child upon reaching the water will be less than that of the larger child. This is because the smaller child has less mass and therefore less kinetic energy. The larger child has more mass and therefore more kinetic energy.

(ii) The speed of the smaller child upon reaching the water will be less than that of the larger child. This is because the smaller child experiences air resistance and friction with the air during the jump, while the larger child does not experience any friction on the frictionless slide. As a result, the larger child will have a higher speed than the smaller child.

(iii) The average acceleration of the smaller child will be greater than that of the larger child during their motions from the platform to the water. This is because the smaller child experiences a greater amount of air resistance and friction with the air during the jump, which causes a greater amount of deceleration. The larger child, on the other hand, does not experience any friction on the frictionless slide and therefore does not experience as much deceleration.

Learn more about kinetic energy here:

https://brainly.com/question/26472013

#SPJ4

Answer:

Workdone = 1960 Joules.

Explanation:

Given the following data;

Mass = 5kg

Force = 49N

Height (distance) = 40m

To find the workdone;

Workdone = force * distance

Substituting into the equation, we have;

Workdone = 49*40

Workdone = 1960 Joules.

Therefore, the amount of work done on the bowling ball to lift it is 1960 Joules.