Which is the softest crystal direction in diamond?
Answers
The softest crystal direction in a diamond refers to the orientation in which the crystal structure is easiest to cleave or split. In the case of a diamond, the softest crystal direction is along its cleavage planes, specifically, the {111} planes.
Diamond has a cubic crystal structure composed of carbon atoms, with each atom bonded to four other carbon atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement. This results in a highly symmetrical and strong network of covalent bonds.
The {111} planes represent a set of crystallographic planes where the atoms are more widely spaced, and the bonding between them is weaker as compared to other directions. When force is applied along these {111} planes, the diamond is more susceptible to cleaving because the bonds between the atoms are easier to break. This softest crystal direction is essential for gem cutters, as it allows them to split and shape diamonds with greater precision, maximizing their value and aesthetic appeal.
It is important to note that while diamonds have the softest crystal direction, they are still the hardest known natural material on Earth. Their exceptional hardness is due to the strong covalent bonding between carbon atoms, which gives them a high resistance to deformation and scratching. The softest crystal direction in a diamond is only relative to the other directions within the diamond's crystal structure and does not imply that diamonds are soft materials.
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Related Questions
I have an atomic number of 56 who am i?
Answers
Answer:
You are Barium
Explanation:
Have a great summer :)
Answer:
Barium
hope this helps
have a good day :)
Explanation:
Match the separation techniques with the correct descriptions.
1. Heating a solid until it passes directly from the solid phase into the gaseous phase.
2. Separating a liquid from an insoluble solid sediment by carefully pouring the liquid from the solid without disturbing the solid.
3. The process of vapor returning to the solid phase without a liquid phase in between.
4. Heating a mixture to vaporize a volatile liquid component to make the remaining component dry.
5. Separating a solid from a liquid using a porous material, such as paper, charcoal, or sand, as a filter.
6. Using a solvent to selectively dissolve one or more components from a solid mixture.
A. Sublimation
B. Solids that Sublime
C. Extraction
D. Decantation
E. Evaporation
F. Filtration
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
1 = A
Sublimation is the process where by a sample is heated to pass through solid phase to gaseous phase without the intermittent liquid phase. Example of substance that sublime is camphor.
2 = D
Decantantion
5 = F
Filtration is the process a liquid from solid using a porous material. This technique requires a set up and a good porous material eg filter paper.
6 = B
This technique is to separate a mixture of solids by converting them from solid phase to gaseous phase since they sublime.
3 = deposition.
The answer isn't in the option but deposition is the process of substance in gaseous phase to change into solid state without passing through liquid phase. Deposition is the opposite of sublimation.
4 = E
A chemical engineer must calculate the maximum safe operating temperature of a high-pressure gas reaction vessel. The vessel is a stainless-steel cylinder that measures
48.0cm
wide and
57.6cm
high. The maximum safe pressure inside the vessel has been measured to be
3.40MPa
.
For a certain reaction the vessel may contain up to
2.45kg
of carbon dioxide gas. Calculate the maximum safe operating temperature the engineer should recommend for this reaction. Write your answer in degrees Celsius. Round your answer to
3
significant digits.
Answers
The maximum safe operating temperature the engineer should recommend for this reaction is approximately 1063.77 degrees Celsius.
To calculate the maximum safe operating temperature, we need to consider the dimensions of the vessel, the maximum safe pressure, and the amount of gas inside.
First, let's convert the dimensions of the vessel from centimeters to meters:
Width = 48.0 cm = 0.48 m
Height = 57.6 cm = 0.576 m
Next, we need to calculate the volume of the vessel:
Volume = π * (radius)^2 * height
The radius of the vessel can be calculated as half of the width:
Radius = 0.48 m / 2 = 0.24 m
Volume = π * (0.24 m)^2 * 0.576 m
Volume ≈ 0.099 m^3
Now, we can use the ideal gas law to determine the maximum safe operating temperature. The ideal gas law is given by:
PV = nRT
where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature.
Rearranging the equation to solve for T:
T = (PV) / (nR)
To calculate the number of moles, we can use the molar mass of carbon dioxide (CO2):
Molar mass of CO2 = 12.01 g/mol (for carbon) + 2 * 16.00 g/mol (for oxygen)
Molar mass of CO2 ≈ 44.01 g/mol
Converting the mass of carbon dioxide from kilograms to grams:
Mass of CO2 = 2.45 kg * 1000 g/kg
Mass of CO2 = 2450 g
Now, we can calculate the number of moles:
Number of moles = Mass of CO2 / Molar mass of CO2
Number of moles = 2450 g / 44.01 g/mol
Number of moles ≈ 55.67 mol
The gas constant R is approximately 8.314 J/(mol·K).
Now, we can substitute the values into the equation:
T = (3.40 MPa * 0.099 m^3) / (55.67 mol * 8.314 J/(mol·K))
T ≈ 1063.77 K
Converting from Kelvin to Celsius:
T ≈ 1063.77 °C
The maximum safe operating temperature that the engineer should recommend for this reaction is approximately 1063.77 degrees Celsius.
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Which statement correctly describes the procedure used to predict the ion formed by an element? (Excludes groups 3-12)
Answers
The statement "A metal loses enough electrons to attain the same number as its nearest noble gas" correctly describes the procedure used to predict the ion formed by an element.
How are ions formed by element?Ions materialize when an atom undergoes electron gain or loss. This transformation can occur through various mechanisms, including:
Chemical reaction: During chemical interactions between two or more atoms, electron exchange may transpire, giving rise to ion formation. For instance, when sodium (Na) reacts with chlorine (Cl), each atom surrenders or acquires an electron, resulting in the creation of ions bearing charges of +1 and -1 correspondingly. The ensuing ions, Na+ and Cl-, are mutually attracted by opposite charges and merge to form sodium chloride (NaCl), commonly known as salt.
Dissociation: When an ionic compound dissolves in water, the constituent ions disengage from each other, permitting unhindered movement within the solution. This phenomenon is referred to as dissociation.
Electrolysis: By placing an ionic compound in an electric field, the ions are enticed toward electrodes of opposite charge and undergo discharge. This transformative process is termed electrolysis.
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Complete question:
Which statement correctly describes the procedure used to predict the ion formed by an element?
a. Thermometer is used to predict the ion formed by an element
b. A metal loses enough electrons to attain the same number as its nearest noble gas.
roughly how much organic carbon (g c m-2 yr-1) is available each year for consumption by herbivores, decomposers, or for harvest?
Answers
A total of 1,000 to 100,000 million metric tons of carbon are thought to pass annually through the biological route. Around 65,500 billion billion metric tonnes of the Earth's carbon are trapped in rocks.
In the slow carbon cycle, carbon moves through rocks, soil, oceans, and the atmosphere over a period of 100–200 million years through a series of chemical reactions and tectonic activity. The annual average for the slow carbon cycle is \(10^{13}\) to \(10^{14}\) grammes (10100 million metric tons) of carbon. In contrast, the rapid carbon cycle transfers \(10^{16}\) to \(10^{17}\) grammes of carbon every year, but human emissions of carbon to the atmosphere are on the order of 1015 grammes.
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A pure substance, such as gold, melts at different temperatures, depending on its size:
Explain why you agree or disagree
Answers
Answer:
i dissagree bcause it is the same substance just a diffrent about so it will NOT melt at a diffrent temp
Explanation:
brainlyest?
agreed
Explanation:
if you put a stick of butter into a hot pan it will melt realitvely slow. now image a small sliced piece of butter into a slightly warm pan. It will also melt. There for a lower teampurature melting less of an object can me equaled out to the same time as a warmer tempuarture for a larger same object.
the reduction of iron(iii) oxide () to pure iron during the first step of steelmaking, is driven by the high-temperature combustion of coke, a purified form of coal: suppose at the temperature of a blast furnace the gibbs free energies of formation of and are and , respectively. calculate the maximum mass of pure iron that can be produced by the combustion of of coke. (one metric ton, symbol , equals .) round your answer to significant digits.
Answers
The maximum mass of pure iron that can be produced by the combustion of coke is 3.9 × 10⁶ kg.
Combustion, or burning, is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between gasoline and an oxidant, generally atmospheric oxygen, that produces oxidized, regularly gaseous products, in a combination termed as smoke. combustion, a chemical reaction between materials, typically consisting of oxygen and normally observed by way of the era of warmth and mild inside the shape of a flame.
A combustion reaction is a sort of chemical reaction wherein a response between any flammable substance and an oxidizer takes area as a way to shape an oxidized product. Combustion reactions are regularly followed via fires and the discharge of power in the form of warmth.
Calculation:-
2Fe₂O₃ ------> 4Fe(s) + 3O₂
C(s) + O₂ -------> CO₂ ₓ 3
________________________
2Fe₂O₃ + 3C(s) ------------> 4Fe + 3CO₂(g)
mass of coke = 630 . t
= 630 × 1000
= 6.3 × 10⁵
So, 3 × 12g og Coke = (4 × 56)/3×12 kgFe
= 39.2 × 10⁵ kg Fe
= 3.9 × 10⁶ kg
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Which type of wave pushes the medium in the direction of the wave? *
A. transverse wave
B. compression wave
C. neither A nor B
D. both A and B
Answers
Answer:
Neither because it’s a longitudinal wave that is supposed to be the answer
Explanation:
What is [OH-1] for a 0.0050 M KOH solution?
(A) 2.5 x 10-5. (B) 0.0025. (C) 2.30. (D) 1 x 10-5. (E) 5.0 x 10-3.
Answers
The answer is (E) 5.0 x 10^-3. KOH is a strong base, meaning it dissociates completely in water to form OH- ions
At equilibrium, a solution of a weak base in water is a mixture of the nonionized base, the conjugate acid of the weak base, and hydroxide ion with the nonionized base present in the greatest concentration. Thus, a weak base increases the hydroxide ion concentration in an aqueous solution (but not as much as the same amount of a strong base). . The concentration of OH- ions in a 0.0050 M KOH solution can be calculated using the equation:
[OH-] = Kw / [H+]
where Kw is the ion product constant for water (1.0 x 10^-14 at 25°C).
Since KOH is a strong base, we can assume that [OH-] is equal to the concentration of KOH (0.0050 M). Therefore:
[OH-] = 0.0050 M
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A sample of SO2 gas has a volume of 2.36 L at a temperature of 27°C. At what temperature will the gas have a volume of 1.45 L?
Answers
Answer:
New temperature T2 = 16.59°C Approx
Explanation:
Given:
Old volume V1 = 2.36 L
Old temperature T1 = 27°C
New volume V2 = 1.45 L
Find:
New temperature T2
Computation:
Using Charles's Law;
V1T2 = V2T1
(2.36)(T2) = (1.45)(27)
New temperature T2 = 16.59°C Approx
A metal salt with the formula MCl2 crystallizes from water to form a solid with the composition MCl2⋅6H2O. The equilibrium vapor pressure of water above this solid at 298 K is 19.9 mbar
Part A
What is the value ofΔrG for the reaction
MCl2⋅6H2O(s)⇌MCl2(s)+6H2O(g)
when the pressure of water vapour is 19.9 mbar ?
Express your answer as an integer with the appropriate units.
part B
What is the value of ΔrG ∘∘ when the pressure of water vapour is 1 bar?
Express your answer with the appropriate units.
Answers
The value of ΔrG is approximately 190.4 kJ/mol when the pressure of water vapor is 19.9 mbar, the value of ΔrG is -57.8 kJ/mol when the pressure of water vapor is 1 bar.
We can use the relationship between ΔG and equilibrium constant Kp to find ΔrG:
ΔrG = -RT ln(Kp)
First, we need to find Kp. The pressure of water vapor above the solid is given as 19.9 mbar, which is equivalent to 0.0199 bar. We can use the ideal gas law to find the number of moles of water vapor present in the 6H₂O(g) component of the equilibrium;
PV = nRT
(0.0199 bar) (V) = n (8.314 J/mol·K) (298 K)
n = 0.001535 mol
So the equilibrium constant Kp is;
Kp = (P(MCl₂)/P°) (P(H₂O)⁶/P°)
where P(MCl₂) is the partial pressure of MCl₂, P(H₂O) is the partial pressure of water vapor, and P° is the standard pressure of 1 bar. Since MCl₂ is a solid, its partial pressure is negligible and can be assumed to be zero. So we have;
Kp = (0/1 bar) (0.0199 bar)⁶/1 bar = 7.58×10⁻²⁰
Now we can calculate ΔrG;
ΔrG = -RT ln(Kp) = -(8.314 J/mol·K) (298 K) ln(7.58×10⁻²⁰) ≈ 190.4 kJ/mol
Therefore, ΔrG is approximately 190.4 kJ/mol when the pressure of water vapor is 19.9 mbar.
To find ΔrG∘, we need to use the relationship between ΔrG∘, Kp∘, and the standard state Gibbs energy of formation of the reactants and products;
ΔrG∘ = -RT ln(Kp∘) = ΣnΔfG∘(products) - ΣnΔfG∘(reactants)
where ΔfG∘ is the standard state Gibbs energy of formation of the species and n is the stoichiometric coefficient.
We can assume that the standard state of the solid MCl₂ is the same as that of its constituent elements M and Cl₂, which is zero. The standard state of water vapor is also assumed to be zero. So we have;
ΔrG∘ = 0 - [ΔfG∘(MCl₂) + 6ΔfG∘(H₂O)] = -6ΔfG∘(H₂O)
We can use the relationship between vapor pressure and Gibbs energy of vaporization to find ΔfG∘(H₂O);
ln(P/P°) = -ΔvapH∘/RT + ΔfG∘(H₂O)/RT
where P is the vapor pressure, P° is the standard pressure of 1 bar, ΔvapH∘ is the standard enthalpy of vaporization of water (40.7 kJ/mol), and R is the gas constant.
At the boiling point of water (100°C or 373 K), the vapor pressure is equal to 1 bar. So we have;
ln(1 bar/1 bar) = -40.7 kJ/mol/(8.314 J/mol·K)(373 K) + ΔfG∘(H2O)/(8.314 J/mol·K)(373 K)
ΔfG∘(H₂O) ≈ -57.8 kJ/mol
Therefore, ΔrG is -57.8 kJ/mol when the pressure of water vapor is 1 bar.
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determine the minimum voltage that must be applied to a cell containing molten pbcl2 in order for electrolysis to occur.
Answers
The minimum voltage required for electrolysis to occur in a cell containing molten \(PbCl_{2}\) can be determined by considering the standard reduction potential of the reaction. The minimum voltage required is equal to the difference between the standard reduction potential of the reduction half-reaction and the standard reduction potential of the oxidation half-reaction.
To determine the minimum voltage (Vmin) required for electrolysis in a cell containing molten \(PbCl_{2}\), we can use the Nernst equation. The Nernst equation relates the cell potential (Ecell) to the standard reduction potentials (E°red) of the half-reactions involved:
Ecell = E°red - (RT/nF) × ln(Q)
In this case, the reduction half-reaction is:
\(Pb{2}\)+ + \(2e^{-}\) → Pb
And the oxidation half-reaction is:
\(2Cl^{-}\) → \(Cl_{2}\) + \(2e^{-}\)
The reaction quotient (Q) is calculated by taking the concentrations of the products (Pb and \(Cl_{2}\)) raised to their respective stoichiometric coefficients, divided by the concentrations of the reactants (\(Pb^{2+}\) and \(Cl^{-}\)) raised to their respective stoichiometric coefficients.
The minimum voltage (Vmin) required for electrolysis can be obtained by substituting the appropriate values into the Nernst equation and solving for Ecell.
Please note that the specific values for concentrations, temperature (T), gas constant (R), and Faraday's constant (F) should be provided or assumed in order to perform the calculations accurately.
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recommended material for building
Answers
Answer:
Steel is a popular material for building because it is strong without being extremely heavy. This makes it the ideal material for large, multi-story buildings and manufacturing and industrial facilities. Unlike wood, steel can stand up to moisture and is not susceptible to termites and fire
Explanation:
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Do you think this wing is from the left side or the right side of the chicken's body? Explain your answer.
Answers
Answer:
The wing is from the right side of the chicken's body, because when I turned the wing facing down, the shoulder bone was pointed left, meaning the wing came from the right side.
Based on it's positioning, The chicken wing in question must be on the left side.
Chicken positioning The chicken win is flipped to show the underside of it. The body of the chicken is to the right of the wing.The wing is on the left side because limbs on the left side of an organism will have the rest of the organism to the right of it.
In conclusion, the wing is on the left side.
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A solution is created by measuring 3. 60 x 10-3 moles of NaOH and 5. 95 x 10-4 moles of HCl into a container and then water is added until the final volume is 1. 00 L. What is the pH of this solution? Please answer as quickly as possible
Answers
Answer: 11.478
Explanation:
M = MBVB- MAVA/VA + VB
= number of moles of base - number of moles of acid/total volume
= 3.6*10^-3 - 5.95*10^-4/1
= 0.0036-0.000595 = 0.003005
[OH^-] = M = 0.003005M
POH = -log[OH^-]
= -log0.003005
= 2.522
PH = 14 - POH
= 14 - 2.522
= 11.478
Therefore, the pH of the solution is 11.478
What is the Systematic Name of the Following Compound?
TiCl₂
Choose 1 Answer:
tin(II) chloride
titanium (I) chloride
titanium (II) chloride
tin(I) chloride
Answers
Answer:
titanium (I) chloride
Explanation:
Tin has a chemical formular of "Sn"
\(.\)
which risks are involved in both underground mining and surface mining? select the two correct answers.(1 point) responses high water pressure high water pressure uv exposure uv exposure ground instability ground instability methane gas buildup methane gas buildup respiratory disease
Answers
The two correct answers for risks involved in both underground mining and surface mining are Ground instability and Respiratory disease.
Ground instability: Both underground mining and surface mining can be susceptible to ground instability, which can lead to cave-ins, landslides, or collapses.
Respiratory disease: Both types of mining can expose workers to dust and harmful particles, which can cause respiratory diseases such as pneumoconiosis (e.g., coal workers' pneumoconiosis) or silicosis.
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Which tool would help a scientist observe planets?
Barometer
O Microscope
Telescope
Thermometer
Answers
Answer: The correct answer would be
Telescope
Explanation:
i took the test
What does empirical fomula means with examples
Answers
Helllpppp! this is a study island and im stuck :(
Answers
It is clear from the tabular data that, the monkeys in troop 2 were better to avoid predators and more of them were able to reproduce. Hence, option D is correct.
What is natural survival ?In the biosphere, not all living things are fit to survive for a longer life time. Most of them are pray of other higher level animals. Some organisms adopt some strategies to hide from their predators and they can survive more.
It is clear from the table that, the monkeys residing in the ground are more prone to the attacks by their predators. Whereas monkeys living in trees can survive more.
In each year the survival rate is increasing for both troop. However the more number of monkeys which can sustain their population is in troop 2. Therefore, option D is correct.
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Which of the following is the correct word equation for the reaction described below? calcium hydroxide and hydrogen gas are produced by the reaction of calcium hydride and water. calcium hydride hydrogen → calcium hydroxide water calcium hydride water → calcium hydroxide hydrogen calcium hydroxide hydrogen → calcium hydride water calcium hydroxide water → calcium hydride hydrogen
Answers
The correct word equation for the reaction described is: calcium hydride + water → calcium hydroxide + hydrogen gas. Therefore, the correct chemical equation for this reaction is: CaH2 + 2H2O → Ca(OH)2 + 2H2
Calcium hydride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CaH2. It is a white to gray solid, often sold in a powder form, and is highly reactive with water. When calcium hydride reacts with water, it produces hydrogen gas and calcium hydroxide. Calcium hydride is commonly used as a drying agent in organic solvents and gases because it reacts with water to form hydrogen gas and calcium hydroxide, which can be easily removed. It is also used in the production of hydrogen gas for fuel cells and as a reducing agent in metallurgy.
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plz someody help i need help for my quiz there gonna close ittt!!
What is the mass of 22 mL of gold, which has a density of 19.3 g/mL? Show your work or explain your steps.
Answers
Answer:
424.6g
Explanation:
Density is a measure of a substance's mass over its volume.
d = m/v
we can rearrange this equation to solve for mass algebraically.
dv = m
We can then substitute the given values for our variables in the problem and solve for our answer.
22mL(19.3g/mL)= 424.6g
relative humidity is relative humidity is a basically unused concept when it comes to weather topics. the amount of water vapor in the air compared to the average amount. the amount of moisture in the air relative to your one's senses. the amount of water in the air per volume of air. the amount of water vapor in the air relative to the water vapor capacity of the air.
Answers
The correct answer to this question is option (d) the amount of water in the air per volume of air. the amount of water vapor in the air relative to the water vapor capacity of the air.
Relative humidity (RH), which is stated as a percentage, calculates the amount of water vapor in the air relative to its temperature. In other words, it is a comparison between the quantity of water vapor that is really present in the air and the maximum amount of vapor that is possible for the air at the current temperature.
With the same quantity of absolute/specific humidity, air will have a higher relative humidity if it is cooler and a lower relative humidity if it is warmer because warm air would have more water vapor in comparison to the cold air. The actual quantity of moisture (absolute humidity) in the air is what we "feel" outside.
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A person packs two identical coolers for a picnic, placing twenty-four 12-ounce soft drinks and 5 pounds of ice in each. However, the drinks put into cooler A wer refrigerated for several hours before they were packed in the cooler, while the drinks put into cooler B were at room temperature. When the picnickers open the two coolers three hours later, most of the ice in cooler A is still present, while nearly all of the ice in cooler B has melted. Part A Explain the difference. Match the items in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Reset Help more The drinks that were at room temperature (cooler B) had thermal energy than the drinks that were refrigerated for several hours (cooler A). The temperature difference between the less drinks in cooler B and the ice was the difference between the drinks and the ice in greater than cooler A. smaller than Since in cooler B from the ice to the drinks thermal energy was transferred this led to an almost complete melting of the ice in it. from the drinks to the ice
Answers
The drinks that were at room temperature (cooler B) had thermal energy than the drinks that were refrigerated for several hours (cooler A).
The difference between the two coolers is due to the varying initial temperatures of the drinks placed inside them. The drinks in cooler A were refrigerated for several hours, while the drinks in cooler B were at room temperature. As a result, the drinks in cooler B had more thermal energy than those in cooler A.
The temperature difference between the drinks in cooler B and the ice was greater than the difference between the drinks and the ice in cooler A. This is because the room temperature drinks in cooler B were warmer than the refrigerated drinks in cooler A.
Due to the larger temperature difference in cooler B, thermal energy was transferred from the drinks to the ice more rapidly than in cooler A. This energy transfer caused the ice in cooler B to melt at a faster rate, resulting in almost all of the ice melting within three hours.
In contrast, the smaller temperature difference in cooler A led to a slower transfer of thermal energy from the drinks to the ice. This allowed the ice in cooler A to remain mostly intact after the same three-hour period.
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N2(g) + 2 O2(g) → 2 NO2(g)
Answer
Answers
Answer:
180.6
Explanation:
N2 (g) + 2O2 (g) → 2NO2 (g) ΔH = 66.4 kJ
2NO (g) + O2 (g) → 2NO2 (g) ΔH = -114.2 kJ
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A and B are independent events. Find P(A and B).
1
3
P(A) = P(B) = 7
P(A and B)=
Answers
elements If Actions A and B exist independent, then P(A or Bi) = P(A) Plus P(B) - P(A or B) = 7/9 is the chance that either Incident A or Event B will occur.
CAN A and B be independent and mutually exclusive?It is crucial to remember that two mutually incompatible events cannot coexist unless one of them has a probability of occurring, as P (A B) = P (A) P (B) for independent events, and the sole way a product may equal zero is if either of the elements is also zero.
What is the likelihood of two related events?dependent occurrences When the result of the first event affects the result of the second event, two events are dependent. The likelihood of two connected events is the.
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agree or disagree that a scientific theory can be modified provide evidence along!!!!!!!
Answers
Answer:
I agree.
Explanation:
Air is cooling at night. The frost point (temperature at which RH with respect to ice reaches 100%) is reached at T = -10 degree Celsius. a) What is the RH (normal RH with respect to liquid water) at this point? b) Upon further cooling the air reaches a temperature of T =-11 degree Celsius Kaolinite particles of 200 nm diameter are present. Do you expect ice particles to form? If yes, do they form via deposition nucleation or condensation of droplets followed by freezing? Briefly explain your answer. c) Upon even further cooling the air reaches a temperature of T = -12 degree Celsius. Same question as before: Do you expect ice particles to form now? If yes, do they form via deposition nucleation or condensation of droplets followed by freezing? Briefly explain your answer. Equilibrium vapor pressures may be calculated or taken from the table below. t/°C 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 - 10 -11 -12 -13 T/ Keow /Pa 273.15 611.2 272.15 568.2 271.15 527.9 270.15 490.2 269.15 454.8 268.15 421.8 267.15 390.9 266.15 362.1 265.15 335.1 264.15 310.0 263.15 286.5 262.15 264.7 261.15 244.3 260.15 225.4 259.15 207.8 258.15 191.4 e oi/Pa 611.2 562.7 517.7 476.1 437.5 401.8 368.7 338.2 310.0 283.9 259.9 237.7 217.3 198.5 181.2 165.3 - 14 - 15 Equilibrium vapor pressures with respect to water (eow) and with respect to ice (coi).
Answers
The equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to water (eow) is 259.9 Pa. assume that saturation vapor pressure is same as equilibrium vapor pressure.
Therefore, the RH at the frost point is
RH = (eow / saturation vapor pressure) × 100
= (259.9 Pa / 259.9 Pa) × 100
= 100%
b) At T = -11 °C, we need to compare the equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to water (eow) and the equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to ice (coi) to determine if ice particles will form. From the given table, at T = -11 °C, the equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to water (eow) is 237.7 Pa, and the equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to ice (coi) is 165.3 Pa.
The air is supersaturated with respect to ice, and the presence of Kaolinite particles can provide surfaces for water droplets to condense onto, leading to the formation of ice particles.
c) At T = -12 °C, we compare the equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to water (eow) and the equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to ice (coi). From the given table, at T = -12 °C, the equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to water (eow) is 217.3 Pa, and the equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to ice (coi) is 181.2 Pa.
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I need help with this!! it’s due by the end of the day
The second question asks “What is the percentage of water in the hydrated sample?”
Answers
A. The number of moles of water that were absorbed is 0.094 mole
B. The percentage of water in the hydrate is 25.4%
1. How do i determine the mole of water?The number of mole water absorbed can be obtain as follow:
Mass increase = 1.70 grams Mass of water = Mass increase = 1.70 grams Molar mass of water = 18 g/mol Mole of water =?Mole = mass / molar mass
Mole of water = 1.70 / 18
Mole of water = 0.094 mole
B. How do i determine the percentage of water?We can obtain the percentage of water as follow:
Mass of water = 1.70Mass of anhydrous = 5.00 gramsMass of hydrate = 11.7 + 5 = 6.7 gramsPercentage of water =?Percentage of water = (mass of of water / mass of hydrate) × 100
Percentage of water = (1.7 / 6.7) × 100
Percentage of water = 25.4%
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5. Write a paragraph about chemical reactions
in everyday life, that cause pollution of the
environment.
Answers
Answer:
company smokes
wastes (liquid and solid)