The average cardiac output at rest is: ____.
a. 1000 ml/min
b. 2500 ml/min
c. 5000 ml/min
d. 10,000 ml/min

Answer:

Cell Division and Cancer. Cancer cells are cells gone wrong — in other words, they no longer respond to many of the signals that control cellular growth and death.

Explanation:

Explanation:

human have increased the world's carrying capacity through migration agriculture Medical advances and Communications. the age structure of a population allows us to predict population growth.unchecked human population could have dire long term effects on our environment.

Answer:

Explanation:

To determine whether the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) for the Ab locus, we need to compare the observed genotype frequencies with the expected frequencies under HWE assumptions. The expected genotype frequencies under HWE can be calculated using the allele frequencies observed in the population.

Let's assume that the Ab locus has two alleles, A and B. We'll denote the allele frequencies as p and q, respectively, and the expected genotype frequencies under HWE as p^2 (AA), 2pq (AB), and q^2 (BB).

Given the genotyping data, we can analyze the observed genotype frequencies and calculate the expected frequencies. Let's say we obtained the following counts:

AA: 45 individuals

AB: 60 individuals

BB: 15 individuals

To determine the allele frequencies, we can calculate the allele counts. Let's denote the frequency of allele A as p and allele B as q.

Count(A) = 2 * AA + AB = 2 * 45 + 60 = 150

Count(B) = 2 * BB + AB = 2 * 15 + 60 = 90

Total count = Count(A) + Count(B) = 150 + 90 = 240

p = Count(A) / Total count = 150 / 240 = 0.625

q = Count(B) / Total count = 90 / 240 = 0.375

Now, we can calculate the expected genotype frequencies under HWE:

p^2 = (0.625)^2 = 0.390625

2pq = 2 * 0.625 * 0.375 = 0.46875

q^2 = (0.375)^2 = 0.140625

To determine whether the population is in HWE, we can perform a chi-square test using the observed and expected genotype frequencies.

Observed:

AA: 45 individuals

AB: 60 individuals

BB: 15 individuals

Expected (calculated above):

AA: (0.390625) * 120 = 46.875

AB: (0.46875) * 120 = 56.25

BB: (0.140625) * 120 = 16.875

To conduct the chi-square test, we compare the observed and expected frequencies for each genotype and calculate the chi-square statistic:

Chi-square = Σ [(Observed - Expected)^2 / Expected]

Calculating for each genotype:

AA: [(45 - 46.875)^2 / 46.875] = 0.07602

AB: [(60 - 56.25)^2 / 56.25] = 0.26765

BB: [(15 - 16.875)^2 / 16.875] = 0.10741

Summing the values:

Chi-square = 0.07602 + 0.26765 + 0.10741 = 0.45108

Degrees of freedom (df) = Number of genotypes - 1 = 3 - 1 = 2

To determine whether the population is in HWE, we compare the chi-square statistic with the critical value from the chi-square distribution table for the given significance level and degrees of freedom. If the calculated chi-square value exceeds the critical value, we reject the null hypothesis of HWE.

Alternatively, we can use statistical software or an online chi-square calculator to obtain the p-value associated with the calculated chi-square value. If the p-value is below the chosen significance level (e.g., 0.05), we reject the null hypothesis.

Further analysis:

If the population is not in HWE, it suggests that there are deviations from the expected genotype frequencies. The deviations could indicate factors such as non-random mating, genetic drift, selection, mutation, or migration.

To explore the deviations further and understand the factors contributing to the population's deviation from HWE, additional investigations can be conducted. These might include:

1.  Investigating mating patterns: Assessing whether individuals are preferentially mating with individuals of certain genotypes or from specific breeding units.

2.  Genetic drift: Analyzing the population size and potential bottlenecks or founder effects that could contribute to deviations from HWE.

3.  Selection: Examining whether natural selection is acting on the Ab locus, leading to deviations from expected genotype frequencies.

4.  Mutation and migration: Assessing the potential impact of new mutations or migration from other populations on the observed genotype frequencies.

By conducting these additional investigations, we can gain a better understanding of the factors influencing the population's deviation from HWE and further test the original hypothesis.

The step in excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle indicated by "a" is the binding of acetylcholine (ACh) to nicotinic ACh receptors on the motor end plate of the muscle fiber.

Excitation-contraction coupling is the process by which an action potential in the muscle fiber membrane leads to muscle contraction. The process starts with the binding of ACh to nicotinic ACh receptors on the motor end plate. This binding leads to depolarization of the muscle fiber membrane, which spreads throughout the muscle fiber via the T-tubules.

Next, the depolarization of the T-tubules triggers the release of Ca2+ ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) into the cytoplasm of the muscle fiber. These Ca2+ ions bind to troponin, which is part of the thin filaments in the muscle fiber, causing a conformational change in the troponin-tropomyosin complex. This conformational change exposes the binding sites on actin for myosin, allowing myosin to bind to actin and initiate muscle contraction.

Therefore, step "a" in excitation-contraction coupling is the binding of ACh to nicotinic ACh receptors on the motor end plate of the muscle fiber, which triggers depolarization of the muscle fiber membrane and initiates the procExcitation-contraction coupling is the process by which an action potential in the muscle fiber membrane leads to muscle contraction. The process is initiated by the binding of acetylcholine (ACh) to nicotinic ACh receptors on the motor end plate of the muscle fiber, which triggers depolarization of the muscle fiber membrane. This depolarization spreads throughout the muscle fiber via the T-tubules, which are invaginations of the muscle fiber membrane that penetrate deep into the interior of the muscle fiber.

The depolarization of the T-tubules triggers the release of Ca2+ ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) into the cytoplasm of the muscle fiber. The SR is a specialized organelle in the muscle fiber that stores Ca2+ ions. When the depolarization of the T-tubules reaches the SR, it triggers the opening of Ca2+ channels on the SR, allowing Ca2+ ions to flow into the cytoplasm of the muscle fiber.

These Ca2+ ions then bind to troponin, which is part of the thin filaments in the muscle fiber. Troponin is a complex of three proteins that is bound to tropomyosin, another protein that lies along the actin filaments. The binding of Ca2+ ions to troponin causes a conformational change in the troponin-tropomyosin complex, which exposes the binding sites on actin for myosin. Myosin is a motor protein that interacts with actin to generate force, and its binding to actin initiates muscle contraction.

Overall, the process of excitation-contraction coupling is a complex sequence of events that involves the conversion of an electrical signal (the action potential) into a mechanical response (muscle contraction). It involves the coordinated action of many different proteins and organelles within the muscle fiber, and it is essential for the proper functioning of skeletal muscle.

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Answer:

a. True

Explanation:

Acetylcholine is released by all somatic motor neurons, all preganglionic neurons of the ANS and by the postganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers. The ANS stimulates smooth muscles, skeletal muscles and glands, whereas the somatic nervous system innervates skeletal muscles only.

After osmosis occurs in beaker A, the cell would be larger compared to its size at the start of the experiment.

Osmosis is the process in which solvent molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a selectively permeable membrane. In this experiment, water moves into the cell, which has a higher solute concentration than the surrounding solution in beaker A. As a result, the cell swells and increases in size. If this process continues, the cell may burst due to the excess influx of water, leading to cell death. Therefore, it is important to maintain the balance of solutes and water inside and outside the cell.

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The main structural feature that made pea plant flowers suitable for Mendel’s genetic studies was their self-pollinating ability.

Self-pollinating plants allow pollen to transfer from the anthers of the same flower to the stigma, which prevents cross-pollination.

This allowed Mendel to regulate the genetic variables of his studies by prohibiting the entry of unknown genes from other plants.

In addition, Mendel was able to pinpoint a variety of distinctive characteristics in pea plants, including bloom colour, seed form, and pod colour. Mendel was able to study the inheritance pattern of these qualities as a result, and it was this that inspired him to develop his principles of inheritance.

Also, Mendel was able to see the outcomes of his trials fast and make more observations in a shorter period of time because of the pea plant's short life cycle.

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b

Explanation:

bec because food are the only thing that can contain carbohydrate fat and protein for human being

Answer:

Tiktaalik fossils reveal how fish evolved into four-legged land animals. The report shows that the animal had a large, robust pelvic girdle, a prominent hip joint, and long hind fins. The powerful fins could have propelled the beast in the water, but also helped it walk on riverbeds, or scramble around on mudflats

Answer:

B

Explanation:

its b cuz at a certain point the water temp changes

A Thermocline is a line where temperature changes. Thus, the most probable option for this question is found to be B.

Thermocline may be characterized as a type of transition layer that may significantly exist between the warmer mixed water at the surface and the cooler deep water below.

It is usually easily found in large water bodies. At this transition layer, the temperature may change more rapidly with depth than it does in the layers above or below.

This distinctive layer is categorized on the basis of temperature fluctuations. It is relatively easy to tell when you have reached the thermocline in a body of water because there is a drastic change in temperature is being found.

Therefore, a thermocline is a line where temperature changes. Thus, the most probable option for this question is found to be B.

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No new atom is created, and no atoms are destroyed. In a compound response, reactants reach one another, bonds between atoms in the reactants are broken, and particles modify and frame new bonds to make the items.

They can't be separated into more straightforward kinds of issue by either physical or substance implies. They can exist as particles (for e.g., neon) or atoms (for e.g., nitrogen).

What is an element?

An element is a substance that comprises molecules that have a similar number of protons, or at least, a similar nuclear number. They are synthetically the least complex substances and thus can't be separated utilizing compound strategies.

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Answer:

Nectar (flowers) - butterflies - small birds - foxes.

Dandelions - snail - frog - bird - fox.

Dead plants - centipede - robin - raccoon.

Decayed plants - worms - birds - eagles.

Fruits - tapir - jaguar.

Fruits - monkeys - monkey-eating eagle.

Grass - antelope - tiger - vulture.

Grass - cow - man - maggot.

Explanation:

Answer:

Grass-Grasshopper-Snake-Hawk

Explanation:

very simple one

Answer:

If it is present, that person's blood is Rh positive (+); if not, the blood is Rh negative (-). ... For example, a Blood Group A individual has no B antigens on their red blood cells; therefore, this person's white blood cells will make antibodies against the B antigen (anti-B) that will be present in their plasma.

Explanation:

i hope this helps

Answer: summers are hotter in the Southern Hemisphere when earth is closer to the sun

Explanation:

Earth's orbit affects weather and climate why summers are hottest in the Southern Hemisphere when Earth is closer to the Sun. We need to know that .......

When in the Northern Hemisphere it is winter, in the Southern Hemisphere it is summer. Likewise, when it is spring in one hemisphere, it will be autumn in the other. This is precisely because of the position that each hemisphere occupies in relation to the Sun in that period, which determines the amount of solar irradiation it is receiving.

With this information, we can say that the tilt of the earth is very important for the climate and weather of the planet, because when the Northern Hemisphere is closer to the sun, the summer will be hotter, and consequently in the Southern Hemisphere, it will be winter.

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Answer:

1. There is no control group.

2. independent variable is the colors.

3. The dependent variable is how many of each color the mice chose.

Explanation:

Im assuming you were talking about control group, independent, variable, and dependent variables.

Individuals 2, 3, 4, and 5 are affected by Leigh's disease. It is passed down from the mother to her offspring through the mitochondria.

Leigh's disease is a mitochondrially inherited disease,The pedigree shows the presence of Leigh's disease in three generations, indicating that it is maternally inherited.

Individuals 2, 3, 4, and 5 are affected by Leigh's disease because they show symptoms of the disease, such as seizures, ataxia, and impaired reflexes. Their symbols on the pedigree should be shaded in to indicate that they are affected.

Individuals 1, 6, 7, and 8 are not affected by Leigh's disease because they do not show any symptoms of the disease. Their symbols on the pedigree should be left unshaded to indicate that they are unaffected.

Individuals 4 and 6 both had children, but the information provided does not indicate whether their offspring were affected by Leigh's disease or not. Therefore, their symbols on the pedigree should be left unshaded.

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Answer:

Atopic Dermatitis

It is a skin disease causing much itchiness. Scratching leads to redness, swelling, cracking, weeping clear fluid, crusting, and scaling

Answer:

Atopic Dermatitis

What is Atopic Dermatitis?

It is a skin disease causing much itchiness. Scratching leads to redness, swelling, cracking, weeping clear fluid, crusting, and scaling.

What happens if there is an issue with the integumentary system?

The integumentary system is susceptible to a variety of diseases, disorders, and injuries. These range from annoying but relatively benign bacterial or fungal infections that are categorized as disorders, to skin cancer and severe burns, which can be fatal.

Hope this helps :)

Pls brainliest...

Answer:  Poliomyelitis

Explanation:

A negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom is called an electron. Thus, option C is correct.

An electron is defined as a subatomic particle which is charged negatively either bound to an atom or not it means free. The nucleus of an atom is made up of electron, proton and neutron. The electron is a basic particle and electron is not made of anything.

The nature of electron is free it means they are present freely in nature and consist of an atom.The main function of electron is that they play the role of negatively- charged component of an atom.

The electrons are primary source of current conducting and electrons number as well as atomic number of an element is always same or equal. There is no size of electron but the mass of electron is 9×10^-31.

Therefore, a negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom is called an electron. Thus, option C is correct.

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Answer:

C. Electron

Explanation:

Took the test

Answer:

nucleus

Explanation:

Answer:

yeah its nucleas

CHROMOSOME- thread like structures located inside the nucleus if animal and plant cells

A differential medium is a type of media that distinguishes different types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the media.

A differential medium is any medium for bacterial growth that contains selective agents used to discriminate between different microorganisms present in such medium.

A differential medium can be, for example, a blood agar medium that has bovine blood cells which is selective to Streptococcus bacteria.

In conclusion, a differential medium is a type of media that distinguishes different types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the media.

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Answer: Golgi bodies

Explanation:

An atom of the metal calcium, which is in group 2 and period 4, will most likely to attain a full outermost energy level of electrons by allowing its two outermost energy level electrons to be stripped away, resulting in a cation with a charge of +2 which is therefore denoted as option D.

This is referred to as a chemical substance that cannot be broken down into other substances.

Elements in group 2 will donate its electron to the other element so as to achieve a stable octet configuration resulting in a cation with a charge of +2 thereby making it the correct choice.

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Answer: Water influences the intensity of climate. It is the energy contained in the water cycle that creates major storms like hurricanes and typhoons. More the water is present in an area, the more water is evaporated. The distribution of solar energy through the water cycle creates winds and weather patterns.

Explanation:

it is a good idea as it increase the life of certain food, also keeps bacteria away

Answer:

d

Explanation:

The  answer to this question is D. Filtration.

Autoclaving, which involves subjecting the sample to high pressure and temperature, is an effective method for sterilization. However, it is not suitable for heat-sensitive solutions as it can cause denaturation of proteins and other molecules.

UV radiation can also be used for sterilization, but it requires direct exposure of the sample to the radiation, which may not be feasible for a solution. Moreover, UV radiation can cause damage to DNA and other biomolecules.

Freezing is not a suitable method for sterilization as it only slows down microbial growth and does not kill them.

Filtration is the most appropriate method for sterilizing a heat-sensitive solution. It involves passing the solution through a filter with pores small enough to trap bacteria and other microorganisms. This method is non-destructive and does not alter the composition of the solution.

In summary, the best method for sterilizing a heat-sensitive solution is filtration

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