The athlete who receives the increasing installments got the better deal.
How to determine the that got the better deallet's compare the present value of the cash flows in each case. We'll assume a discount rate of 5% for this analysis.
Case 1: $80 million paid in 10 equal installments.
In this case, the athlete receives $8 million each year for 10 years.
Case 2: $80 million paid in 10 increasing installments.
In this case, the installments increase by 5% per year. To calculate the cash flows, we need to determine the payment schedule. Let's calculate the annual payments:
Year 1: $80 million / 10 = $8 million (same as Case 1)
Year 2: $8 million * 1.05 = $8.4 million
Year 3: $8.4 million * 1.05 = $8.82 million
...
Year 10: $10.97 million (rounded)
Now, let's calculate the present value of each case using the discounted cash flow (DCF) method:
Case 1:
Present Value = $8 million / (1 + 0.05) + $8 million / (1 + 0.05)^2 + ... + $8 million / (1 + 0.05)^10
Present Value ≈ $61.14 million
Case 2:
Present Value = $8 million / (1 + 0.05) + $8.4 million / (1 + 0.05)^2 + ... + $10.97 million / (1 + 0.05)^10
Present Value ≈ $64.16 million
Based on the present value calculations, we can see that Case 2 has a higher present value ($64.16 million) compared to Case 1 ($61.14 million).
Therefore, the athlete who receives the increasing installments got the better deal.
The reason for this is the time value of money. By receiving higher payments in the later years, the athlete benefits from the increased value of money over time due to inflation and the opportunity to invest the funds received earlier.
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according to maría, where are the best prices and food at?en la tienda regularen el supermercadoen el mercadoen el centro comercial
According to María, the best prices and food can be found "en el mercado" which translates to "at the market."
This suggests that María perceives the market as the place where one can find the most affordable prices and high-quality food.
The market is often associated with local vendors, fresh produce, and a wide variety of products. María's preference for the market implies a belief that it offers a better value and selection compared to other options such as the regular store, supermarket, or shopping mall.
It reflects a preference for a more traditional and potentially cost-effective shopping experience.
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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is given below " According to María, where are the best prices and food found? Is it in the regular store, the supermarket, the market, or the shopping mall?"--
What are the 3 things a business plan should do?.
Three things a business plan should do are to outline the products that the firm will sell, market analysis, and financial planning.
A business plan outlines the goals and strategies of a company. It is a road map that contains the marketing, financial strategies, and other operational details of established companies or start-ups. A well-written business plan must include what products and services the company will produce and sell. It will decide the cost of production, pricing, lifespan, and benefits of the products or services.
A business plan will also have a market analysis to assess the competition in the market and assess its advantages and disadvantages in the market. It will help in building the strengths of the company and improve the weakness too. Financial planning is another important criterion mentioned in a business plan where the budget decisions and monetary policies are decided to maintain cash flow in the company.
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to be considered an official record the document must be:
To be considered an official record, the document must be authentic and reliable, and it must be accepted as evidence in a legal or administrative proceeding.
What is an official document?An official document is a document that is issued by a government agency, organization, or other official body and that is used to record or communicate information that is considered to be important or official in nature. Official documents can take many forms, including written documents, electronic records, and physical documents such as certificates, licenses, and diplomas.
They may be used to document a wide range of activities and transactions, including legal proceedings, government policies and regulations, financial transactions, and other official business. In general, official documents are considered to be authentic and reliable sources of information, and they are often accepted as evidence in legal or administrative proceedings.
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michelle works in retail and cant decide what products to include i the stores front window display what is the first step she should take to solve this problem
The available options are:
A. List the options.
B. Evaluate the decision/choice.
C. State the problem.
D. Determine the pros and cons.
Answer:
State the problem.
Explanation:
In a situation like this, it is expected that the first step to take to solve the problem is that Michelle should understand the reason, she wants to put the product on the window display. This includes knowing what she will benefit by placing the product on the window display and which product she wants to display. This process which is the first step in the problem-solving technique is known as STATE THE PROBLEM.
Hence, the right answer is State the Problem.
prepare a statement of retained earnings in proper form for white corporation for the year ended December 31 2012 from the following
White Corporation's statement of retained earnings in correct form for the year ended December 31, 2012 will be $5,200.
A year-end statement of retained earnings is what?A crucial financial statement that details the amount of earnings a firm has accumulated and held from its founding is the statement of retained earnings. The figures reveal information about the financial health of a firm and the owner's perspective on expanding and reinvesting in their enterprise.
What does the initial retained earnings statement look like?The balance of retained earnings from the previous year that you are carrying over should be the first item on the statement of retained earnings. This sum is based on the balance sheet from the previous year.
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Which type of insurance covers preventive care and medical treatment?
One of the challenges Uniqlo faced when moving to large cities in the United States was the expense of maintaining a building location in a downtown area that would be big enough to house all of the products it wanted to sell. This is an issue with:
The issue above, where expense of maintaining a building location in a downtown area serves as challenge that was faced by Uniqlo can be attributed to Capital requirements.
What is Capital requirements?Capital requirements can be regarded as the regulatory standards for banks, and this put them on check about how much liquid capital they must keep on hand.
Capital requirements is been used as a tool to tighten an economic after recession.
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is Cu2+(aq) + 2e− ---------------> Cu(s) oxidation or reduction?
Cu2+(aq) + 2e− is a reduction reaction.
What's an example of a reduction reaction?Rusting iron is a technique that entails oxidation and discount. Oxygen is decreased, while the iron is oxidized. The iron oxide undergoes discount (loses oxygen) to form iron at the same time as the carbon monoxide is oxidized (profits oxygen) to shape carbon dioxide.
The terms oxidation and discount can be described in terms of adding or casting off oxygen to a compound. at the same time as this isn't the maximum sturdy definition, as discussed below, it's far the very best to recollect. Oxidation is the gain of oxygen. reduction is the lack of oxygen.
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What do perfectly competitive firms produce at the quantity where marginal revenue?
Perfectly competitive firms produce at the quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost, which is the level of output that maximizes their profits. At this point, firms are producing efficiently and are able to sell their goods at the market price, which is also their marginal revenue. In a perfectly competitive market, firms are price takers and cannot influence the market price, so they adjust their production to match the market demand. This means that all firms in the market are producing the same product and are competing with each other based on price and quality. Therefore, in a perfectly competitive market, firms strive to minimize their costs and maximize their output to stay competitive and profitable.
National networks is an emerging provider of cable television services. is currently working to identify best practices among its competitors through the process of ______.
financial analysis
auditing
benchmarking
staffing
empirical analysis
National Networks is an emerging provider of cable television services. is currently working to identify best practices among its competitors through the process of benchmarking.
National Networks, as an emerging provider of cable television services, is actively engaged in identifying best practices among its competitors. This process involves various strategies and techniques to gather information and gain insights into industry standards and successful practices. One approach that National networks can employ is benchmarking.
Benchmarking is a systematic process of comparing one's own performance, practices, and outcomes against those of industry leaders or competitors. It allows organizations to identify areas for improvement and learn from the best practices of others. By benchmarking against its competitors, National networks can gain valuable knowledge about successful strategies and tactics employed by established players in the cable television services sector.
Through benchmarking, National networks can analyze various aspects of their competitors' operations, such as customer service, pricing models, channel lineups, content offerings, and technological advancements. This analysis can provide valuable insights into industry trends, customer preferences, and emerging opportunities for growth.
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a magazine or newsletter that focuses on a specific industry; also called trade journal
A periodical that focuses on news, trends, and problems in a certain industry or trade association is known as a trade journal or trade magazine.
What is a trade journal?In-depth information on trends, new products, and other subjects of interest to persons working in that business is provided by trade journals, which are publications with a certain industry as their focus.
An industry-specific journal or magazine is referred to as a trade publication.
To avoid making the same mistakes again, keep a trading journal. That will eventually enable you to cut down on your losses and concentrate on the parts of your trading plan that are most likely to yield profits.
The entire history of your trading is documented in a trading notebook. Your trading results should be accurately recorded since they help you evaluate the overall success of your trading decisions and the efficacy of your approach.
A trading notebook can help you become a more effective trader by keeping track of your trades and trading development by studying where you do well and where you perform poorly. In this manner, you can concentrate on your strengths and determine your areas for improvement.
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a european works council is a transnational, company-level committee of employees that gives workers the opportunity to learn about their company's financial health and future plans and to have a voice in providing feedback and ideas about these plans.
It is true that a European Works Council is a transnational, company-level committee of employees that gives workers the opportunity to learn about their company to have a voice in providing feedback.
European Works Councils are organizations that represent a company's European employees. Workers are informed and consulted by management about the progress of the business as well as any significant decisions made at the European level that may affect their employment or working conditions. European Works Councils (EWC) are information and consultation bodies that represent employees in multinational corporations in Europe.
Here is the complete question-
State if this statement is true or false.
A European Works Council is a transnational, company-level committee of employees that gives workers the opportunity to learn about their company's financial health and future plans and to have a voice in providing feedback and ideas about these plans.
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Those who manage the work on the front lines are most involved with what component of the planning process?.
Those in charge of monitoring action on the front lines typically handle the operational planning element of the planning process.
Operational planning is a helpful document that details the primary duties and objectives a company will pursue during a specified time period, typically a year
What is more about planning process.Planning is the act of dividing one's thoughts into manageable steps. Planning is divided into four primary categories: strategic, tactical, operational, and contingency planning. To determine their goals and objectives, organizations use the strategic planning process.
Operational planning is a helpful document that details the primary duties and objectives a company will pursue during a specified time period, typically a year. It frequently has connections to finance agreements and, in a broader sense, to the organization's strategic objective.
A manufacturer developing a plan to increase sales by 30% is an example of operational planning.
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Note that common skills are listed toward the top and less common skills are listed toward the bottom. According to O*NET, what are some common skills needed by Lawyers? Select four options.
installation
active listening
speaking
critical thinking
reading comprehension
equipment maintenance
The common skills needed by lawyers are active listening, speaking, critical thinking and reading comprehension.
The skills can be noted as -
Active Listening - To completely comprehend their viewpoints and obtain all pertinent facts, attorneys need to listen intently to their clients, witnesses, and other parties involved in a case.Speaking - Lawyers need to be able to communicate clearly both orally and in writing with their clients, juries, judges, and other lawyers.Critical Thinking - Lawyers must be able to evaluate intricate legal issues and create plans for resolving conflicts and attaining their clients' objectives.Reading comprehension - Complex legal papers, court rulings, and other important items must be read and understood by lawyers.Read more about lawyers on:
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Thirty percent of the total assets of Shanahan Corporation have been financed through borrowing. The total liabilities of the company are $600,000. What is the amount of owners equity? A) $ 180,000 B) $2,000,000 C) $1,400,000 D) $2,600,000
The amount of owners equity is C) $1,400,000.
To find the amount of owners equity, we need to use the formula:
Total Assets = Total Liabilities + Owners Equity
We are given that 30% of the total assets have been financed through borrowing, which means that the total liabilities are 30% of the total assets. We can write this as:
\(Total Liabilities = 0.30 * Total Assets$600,000 = 0.30 * Total AssetsTotal Assets = $600,000 / 0.30 = $2,000,000Solving for the owners equity:$2,000,000 = $600,000 + Owners EquityOwners Equity = $2,000,000 - $600,000Owners Equity = $1,400,000\)
Therefore, the amount of owners equity is $1,400,000. The correct answer is option C.
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what is the key thing companies can do to survive and succeed in today's changing market conditions?
The key thing companies can do to survive and succeed in today's changing market conditions is to adapt and embrace innovation.
In today's dynamic business landscape, companies face rapidly evolving market conditions driven by technological advancements, changing consumer preferences, and global economic shifts. To navigate these challenges and remain competitive, businesses must be agile and proactive in adapting to the changing environment.
Embracing innovation is crucial as it enables companies to identify new opportunities, develop unique solutions, and stay ahead of the curve. This involves fostering a culture of innovation within the organization, encouraging creativity and out-of-the-box thinking, and investing in research and development.
Companies that prioritize innovation can better respond to emerging trends, customer demands, and disruptive technologies. They can also differentiate themselves from competitors and create a sustainable competitive advantage. By continuously evolving and adapting, companies can position themselves to thrive in today's ever-changing market conditions.
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1. Please reflect on how the money multiplier concept can be an important tool of both expansionary as well as contractionary monetary policy for any central bank such as the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank?
2. The Federal Reserve Bank lowered the required reserve ratio to 0% across the board in 2020. Explain the potential reasoning behind this lowering to 0% and its intended effect on the economy.
The money multiplier concept uses three key actions that is done by the Fed so as they can widen the economy and these includes the use of a decreased discount rate, the buying government securities, and also by lowering reserve ratio.
What is expansionary and contractionary monetary policy?A monetary policy that is known to be that which helps to lowers interest rates and influence borrowing is called an expansionary monetary policy or one can say a loose monetary policy.
Also, a monetary policy that tends to bring up interest rates and lowers borrowing in any economy is known to be a contractionary monetary policy and also called tight monetary policy.
Thee potential reasoning behind this lowering to 0% and its intended effect on the economy?Note that Expansionary monetary policy aims to increases the money supply while Contractionary monetary policy aims lower the money supply.
Therefore, the use of lower rates of economic growth is one that tens to give more likelihood or chance for the shift to renewable energy. It also leads to more saving, and investing.
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You just started your first full-time job, and one of the benefits is a retirement savings plan. Someone in the human resources department is going over your benefits and says that you have make choices about how the retirement savings plan is invested. She gives you some papers to read and asks you to stop by and let her know your choices when you come to work tomorrow. What must you consider as you read the information and make your choices? Answer in complete sentences.
I need to be aware that investment options and the market conditions can change over time, and I should regularly review and adjust my investment choices as to ensure I am on the track to meet my retirement goals.
What is retirement?Retirement is a phase in a person's life when they choose to stop working or reduce their work hours. It is a time when people typically have reached a certain age, have accumulated enough savings or investments, and are ready to leave the workforce. Retirement can be a voluntary decision or forced due to health issues or other reasons. During retirement, individuals can pursue hobbies, travel, spend time with family and friends, and engage in leisure activities they did not have time for while working. Retirement also involves careful financial planning to ensure that one's income will be sufficient to support their lifestyle and cover expenses, such as healthcare and housing. Many people also choose to seek advice from financial planners and other professionals to help them navigate this phase of life.
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Initial investments contributed to a company are which of the following? A. Shareholder's Capital and Debt B. Debt and Retained Earnings C. Shareholder's Capital and Assets
Answer:
The answer is C. Shareholder's Capital and Assets.
Explanation:
Stockholders' equity, also referred to as shareholders' or owners' equity, is the remaining amount of assets available to shareholders after all liabilities have been paid. It is calculated either as a firm's total assets less its total liabilities or alternatively as the sum of share capital and retained earnings less treasury shares. Stockholders' equity might include common stock, paid-in capital, retained earnings, and treasury stock.
Conceptually, stockholders' equity is useful as a means of judging the funds retained within a business.
Contributed capital, also known as paid-in capital, is the cash and other assets that shareholders have given a company in exchange for stock. Investors make capital contributions when a company issues equity shares based on a price that shareholders are willing to pay for them. The total amount of contributed capital or paid-in-capital represents their stake or ownership in the company.
Contributed capital may also refer to a company's balance sheet item listed under stockholders' equity, often shown alongside the balance sheet entry for additional paid-in capital.
What could happen when requesting an interview if a job applicant hadn't prepared a 30-
Second Commercial?
What are two major advantages and two major disadvantages of having unions in the United
States? Explain each advantage or disadvantage.
Answer:
two major advantages of unions:
1. we get more items from different countries
2. Unions promote higher wages and better benefits
two major disadvantages:
1. Labor unions discourage individuality
2. Unions can drive up costs as well as making it harder to promote and terminate workers.
Please answer asap:
Would absolute transparency make monopolies more acceptable? Or are monopolies always negative because of reduced competition?
Absolute transparency can certainly help to reduce some of the negative effects of monopolies, such as lack of competition and high prices.
Why monopolies always negative because of reduced competition?However, transparency alone is unlikely to make monopolies more acceptable, as the very nature of a monopoly involves the absence of competition, which can lead to reduced innovation, lower quality products, and higher prices for consumers.
While transparency can help mitigate some of these negative effects, it is not a substitute for competition.
Monopolies are generally considered negative because they limit competition, leading to a lack of innovation and higher prices for consumers.
This can ultimately harm the overall economy by reducing consumer choice, stifling innovation, and creating barriers to entry for new competitors. While transparency may be helpful in reducing some of the negative effects of monopolies, it is not a solution to the fundamental problem of a lack of competition.
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In pure competition, producers compete exclusively on the basis of
a. selling identical items.
b. advertising heavily to promote their good.
c. producing the unique features of their good.
d. focusing on maintaining a positive image.
Answer:
a. selling identical items.
Explanation:
A pure competition market is characterized by many firms selling a homogeneous product in a market with many buyers. There are no dominant suppliers; hence no single or group of sellers can influence the price. Pure competition is also the perfect competition.
The key characteristics of pure competition are
There are many buyers and sellersAll firms sell an identical productAll sellers are price takers. None can influence pricesThere is intense competition due to the high number of sellersEase of entry and exit from the market.A. selling identical items.
PLEASE HELP QUICKLY: (FIRST ANSWER GETS BRAINLIEST) PERSONAL & FAMILY FINANCE
Some economists look at the world through a “lens of scarcity.” What does this mean?
There is never going to be enough.
There will always be more than enough.
There will be enough for everyone but never a surplus.
Answer:
Dont worry about me, I just added this answer so the other person can get their brainliest because they definetly deserve it
Explanation:
as a good student ,what advice would you say to them
Answer:do ur work and try hard
Explanation:to get good grades
Answer:
-dont punish yourself because of your mistakes (mistakes help you learn)
-dont procrasinate, use your time wisely
-study for atleast 10 min everyday
-pay attention during class
-take notes
-give yourself breaks every once in a while
-love yourself
Explanation:
What is more important to the overall success of an organization - employee satisfaction, or, employee engagement? How do you define one, and how do you define the other? How can you foster one or the other, can there be a little of both in the overall success of an organization. Please discuss any implications for leadership.
Both employee satisfaction and employee engagement are important for the overall success of an organization.
Employee satisfaction and employee engagement are two important factors that contribute to the overall success of an organization. While both are crucial, they have distinct definitions and implications.
1. Employee Satisfaction:
Employee satisfaction can be defined as the extent to which employees are pleased and fulfilled with various aspects of their job and work environment. It encompasses factors such as job security, compensation, work-life balance, interpersonal relationships, recognition, and opportunities for growth. Satisfied employees generally experience a sense of contentment, resulting in a positive attitude towards their work and the organization. High levels of employee satisfaction can lead to increased productivity, improved morale, and reduced turnover rates.
To measure employee satisfaction, organizations often employ surveys, feedback mechanisms, or performance evaluations that gauge employee perceptions of job satisfaction. These tools help identify areas of improvement and enable organizations to address concerns and enhance overall employee satisfaction.
2. Employee Engagement:
Employee engagement refers to the emotional and intellectual commitment employees have towards their work and the organization. Engaged employees are passionate, motivated, and actively involved in their roles. They go beyond the minimum requirements and demonstrate a willingness to contribute their best efforts. Employee engagement is influenced by various factors, including challenging work assignments, clear communication, opportunities for skill development, recognition, and a supportive work environment.
Measuring employee engagement is more challenging than measuring satisfaction, as it involves assessing employees' level of motivation, commitment, and discretionary effort. Organizations often use surveys, performance metrics, and qualitative feedback to gauge employee engagement levels. By understanding the factors that drive engagement, organizations can implement strategies to enhance it.
3. Importance for Organizational Success:
- Employee Satisfaction: Satisfied employees are more likely to be committed, loyal, and motivated. They tend to have higher job satisfaction, leading to improved morale, reduced absenteeism, and lower turnover rates. Satisfied employees are also more likely to provide better customer service, as they have a positive attitude towards their work and the organization. Ultimately, this can enhance customer satisfaction and loyalty, positively impacting the organization's bottom line.
- Employee Engagement: Engaged employees are highly invested in their work, which leads to increased productivity, innovation, and problem-solving capabilities. They demonstrate higher levels of initiative, take ownership of their responsibilities, and contribute to the organization's success. Engaged employees also tend to be more resilient and adaptable in times of change, helping the organization navigate challenges more effectively.
4. Fostering Employee Satisfaction and Engagement:
- Establish a positive work environment: Cultivate a supportive and inclusive culture that values employee well-being, open communication, and collaboration. Encourage teamwork, respect, and recognition for individual contributions.
- Provide growth opportunities: Offer training programs, professional development initiatives, and clear career paths to enable employees to enhance their skills and advance within the organization. This demonstrates a commitment to their growth and encourages higher levels of engagement.
- Foster work-life balance: Promote policies that support work-life balance, such as flexible working hours, remote work options, and wellness programs. When employees have a healthy work-life balance, they are more likely to be satisfied and engaged.
5. Implications for Leadership:
- Lead by example: Demonstrate behaviors and values that align with the organization's mission and promote a positive work culture. Actively engage with employees, listen to their ideas, and provide constructive feedback.
- Empower and delegate: Provide employees with autonomy, decision-making authority, and opportunities to take on challenging assignments. Empowered employees are more likely to be engaged and satisfied, as they feel trusted and valued.
- Recognize and reward: Acknowledge and appreciate employees' efforts and achievements. Recognition can take various forms, such as verbal appreciation, performance bonuses, or professional development opportunities. Recognized employees feel valued, which enhances their satisfaction and engagement.
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a canadian broker-dealer has some clients who move to florida for the winter. the agent who services their accounts wants to be able to contact them when they are in florida. which statement is true?
This statement is True: Some of the clientele of a Canadian broker-dealer relocate to Florida during the winter.
What does a broker-dealer do?Since State B has retail clients, a regional broker-dealer would have to register there as a broker-dealer. A broker-dealer (B-D) is an individual or company who trades securities for their own account or on behalf of their customers.
Since the majority of stock brokerages function as both agents and principals, the term "broker-dealer" is used to define them in terms of U.S. securities laws. A broker/dealer is a business that manages securities for insurance firms as well as connects buyers and sellers of insurance.
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Juanita makes $30 an hour at work . She has to take time off work to purchase her suit, so each hour away from work costs her $30 in lost income. Assume that returning to work takes Juanita the same amount of time as getting to a store and that it takes her 30 minutes to shop. Ignore the cost of gasoline and depreciation of her car when traveling.
Complete the following table by computing the opportunity cost of Juanita's time and the total cost of shopping at each location.
Store Opportunity Cost of Time (Dollars) Price of a Suit (Dollars per suit) Total Cost (Dollars)
Local Department Store ___________________ 114 _________
Across Town ___________________ 86 _________
Neighboring City ____________________ 60 _________
Assume that Juanita takes opportunity costs and the price of the suit into consideration when she shops. Juanita will minimize the cost of the suit of she buys it from the _____
Answer:
Juanita should purchase the suit at the store across town because the total economic cost will be lowest.
Explanation:
three options:
local store 15 minutes away and a price of $114across town 30 minutes away and a price of $86neighboring city 1 hour away and a price of $60Juanita makes $30 per hour at her work, and her purchase decision includes the opportunity cost of lost wages:
total economic cost:
local store = $114 + [1/4 hours x 2 (round trip) x $30] + (1/2 hours x $30 spent shopping) = $144across town = $86 + [1/2 hours x 2 (round trip) x $30] + (1/2 hours x $30 spent shopping) = $131neighboring city = $60 + [1 hour x 2 (round trip) x $30] + (1/2 hours x $30 spent shopping) = $135Juanita should purchase the skirt at the store across town because the total economic cost will be lowest ($131)
Opportunity costs are the benefits lost or extra costs incurred for choosing one activity or investment over another alternative. Economic costs include both accounting costs and opportunity costs.
Based on the information given, the opportunity cost of time in the local department store will be $144.
Solving the opportunity cost.The opportunity cost of time across town will be:
= 1.5 × 30 = $45.
The total cost will be:
= $45 + $86 = $131
The opportunity cost of time in the neighboring city will be:
= 2.5 × 30 = $75
The total cost will be:
= $75 + $60 = $135
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3. (15%) You are the Director of Process Development for Quality Chemicals
Company. Your technical group has been working on the development of a
chemical process for a new drug for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis which
is expected to be high in demand. When you received this project from Chemical
Development, the product had been made by a 12-step sequential process which
used very inexpensive raw materials. The overall manufacturing cost (raw
materials and labor) for the chemical development process is $1,283/kg. Your
Process Development group has come up with an alternate method which
requires only six convergent chemical steps. However, the starting materials are
more complex and significantly more expensive. As a result, the manufacturing
cost (raw materials and labor), is $1,306/kg.
a. Contrast the advantages and disadvantages to each process and provide a
recommendation of which process to commercialize.
b. Does one process have any regulatory advantage over the other? If so, please
describe.
Quality Chemicals Company develops alternate chemical processes for drug treatment, comparing 12 sequential steps and six convergent steps, with different manufacturing costs and regulatory advantages.
The original 12-step sequential process for manufacturing the drug has the advantage of using inexpensive raw materials, resulting in a lower manufacturing cost per kilogram.
Additionally, the process may be more straightforward and easier to scale up since it involves fewer complex chemical steps. However, the disadvantage is that it requires a longer process sequence, potentially leading to higher labor costs and a longer production time.
On the other hand, the alternate process developed by the Process Development group offers the advantage of requiring only six convergent chemical steps, reducing the complexity and time needed for production.
However, it involves more expensive starting materials, leading to a slightly higher manufacturing cost per kilogram. Additionally, the more complex starting materials may present challenges in sourcing and availability.
Considering the advantages and disadvantages, a recommendation for commercialization would depend on various factors such as market demand, production efficiency, and cost analysis.
If the demand for the drug is expected to be high, the shorter process time of the alternate method could outweigh the slightly higher manufacturing cost. However, if cost reduction is a significant factor, the original 12-step process with inexpensive raw materials might be preferred.
Regarding regulatory advantages, it is crucial to consider the specific regulations and requirements for drug manufacturing in the target market. Depending on the regulatory framework, one process may have certain advantages over the other.
For example, if the original process has a well-established regulatory history and is already approved by relevant authorities, it could have an advantage in terms of regulatory compliance. Conversely, the alternate process may need to undergo additional scrutiny and regulatory approval due to the use of different starting materials and process changes.
Assessing the regulatory landscape and compliance requirements would provide further insights into any potential advantages or challenges associated with each process.
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Welfare includes all of the following EXCEPT
(a) Social Security
(b) Medicare
(c) Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(d) Medicaid
Answer:
(C) Occupational Safety and Health Administration