Số oxi hoá của nitơ trong NH3, H2SO4,No3 lần lượt là:

The correct answer to the question is: A) increase, decrease

The first ionization energies of the elements increase as you go from left to right across a period of the periodic table, and decrease as you go from the bottom to the top of a group in the table.

1. Going from left to right across a period, the atomic number increases, which means there are more protons in the nucleus. This results in a stronger attraction between the positively charged nucleus and the negatively charged electrons. As a result, it becomes harder to remove an electron, requiring more energy, and therefore the first ionization energy increases.

2. Going from the bottom to the top of a group, the atomic size decreases. This is because the number of energy levels or shells decreases, and the electrons are closer to the nucleus. As the distance between the nucleus and the outermost electrons decreases, the attractive force between them increases. Consequently, it becomes easier to remove an electron, requiring less energy, and therefore the first ionization energy decreases.

Therefore, the correct answer to the question is:

A) increase, decrease

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Photostimulation is a process that includes the absorption of electromagnetic radiation, particularly light, by chromophores or fluorophores to initiate a cellular response. Light-induced physiological responses include vision, plant growth, and photomorphogenesis, among others.

Following the laser stimulation of the photostimulable phosphor, the excited electrons are trapped in the conduction band.What is photostimulation?

Photostimulation is a process that includes the absorption of electromagnetic radiation, particularly light, by chromophores or fluorophores to initiate a cellular response. Light-induced physiological responses include vision, plant growth, and photomorphogenesis, among others.

Laser stimulation

Laser stimulation is the use of laser light to control cellular activity, frequently using ion channels or opsins that have been genetically modified to respond to light. While traditional electrophysiology techniques rely on electrical stimulation of cells, optogenetics employs light as a means of non-invasive and selective manipulation of neural systems or tissues.

Photostimulable

Photostimulable refers to the phosphor's ability to release energy after excitation by light, which allows for energy transfer to the electrons that are trapped in the conduction band. In conclusion, we can say that following the laser stimulation of the photostimulable phosphor, the excited electrons are trapped in the conduction band.

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To obtain a purified sample of the nucleus from lysed cells, the best way is by using a centrifugation technique called differential centrifugation. During differential centrifugation, the cell lysate is spun at different speeds in a series of centrifuges.

The best way to obtain a purified sample of nuclei from lysed cells is through the process of differential centrifugation. Differential centrifugation is a process that involves the separation of different organelles of a cell by subjecting them to centrifugal force at different speeds. In this method, the cell lysate is spun at different speeds in a series of centrifuges.

The first centrifugation is done at low speed, and the resulting pellet is resuspended in a buffer solution and subjected to the second centrifugation at a higher speed. This process is repeated several times, each time at a higher speed. This technique allows for the separation of different cellular components based on their size and density. The final pellet will contain the purified nuclei, which can then be used for further studies or analysis.

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Answer:  The color has changed or the formation of light and heat. Also, the temprature will change as well.

Explanation:

a. The final concentration of the HCl solution is 2.0 M.

The formula to be used is: C1V1 = C2V2, where C1 and V1 are the initial concentration and volume of the HCl solution, respectively, and C2 and V2 are the final concentration and volume of the diluted solution, respectively. Plugging in the values given in the problem, we get: C1V1 = C2V2, or (6.0 M)(2.0 L) = C2(6.0 L). Solving for C2,  C2 = (6.0 M)(2.0 L) / (6.0 L) = 2.0 M.

b. The final concentration of the NaOH solution is 2.0 M.

The formula to be used is the same dilution formula as in part (a): C1V1 = C2V2. However, C1 and V1 of the NaOH solution is known, as well as the final volume (V2) of the diluted solution, so, the formula to solve for the final concentration is (C2): C2 = C1V1/V2. Plugging in the values given in the problem, we get: C2 = (12 M)(0.50 L) / (3.0 L) = 2.0 M.

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Answer:

It is not possible to accurately determine whether the system or the surroundings performs work in a chemical reaction without more information about the specific reaction and the conditions under which it occurs.

In general, the work done in a chemical reaction can be affected by several factors, including the pressure, volume, and temperature of the system, as well as the nature of the reactants and products. Some reactions may result in the system doing work on the surroundings, such as when gases expand and do work on their surroundings by pushing against a piston or other external object. Other reactions may result in the surroundings doing work on the system, such as when gases are compressed and their surroundings do work on them. Still other reactions may result in essentially no work being performed, such as when the reactants and products are in equilibrium or when the volume of the system remains constant.

Without more information about the specific reaction in question, it is not possible to accurately determine whether the system or the surroundings performs work.

Answer:

The correct option is;

(B) 1 s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p³

Explanation:

The electron configuration is the outline of the electron arrangement about a nucleus

In the systemic pattern of electron arrangement within an atom, there are, s, p, d, f orbitals

The maximum number of electrons in an s, p and d orbital = 2, 6, and 10 respectively

Based on Aufbau's principle the electrons are arranged based on the order of their energy level

The charge is presented by the number of electrons in the outermost shell, an element able to form an ion of charge of -3 will gain 3 electrons to complete its outermost shell

Among the options given, option B is the only option that has the capacity to take the electrons to complete the number of electrons in the p orbital outermost shell to 6 from 3, that is 3p³ + 3e⁻→ 3p⁶.

Answer:

It's from the quation:

\( \boxed{ \mathsf{ \underline{2K} +\underline{2 H_2O} \rightarrow \:\underline{2}KOH + H_2 }}\)

(How did I know?)

I learnt it while studying the elements of group 1.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

K, here, is Potassium. It's position in the periodic table is Group 1, Period 4.

Valance electrons of elements of this group contribute to the valency of the group's elements I.e.,

valency of Alkali metals is 1!

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

What are hydroxides?

Hydroxides of an element comprises one atom each of oxygen and Hydrogen bonded together, acting as an anion, the hydorxide anion — OH-.

Example:

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

In the question, The reactants are missing but the products are known, that are, Potassium Hydroxide and water.

Keeping the above mentioned property in mind, the reactants come clear as Potassium(K) and Cold water(H2O).

that makes the equation:

\( \mathsf{K + H_2O \rightarrow \: KOH + H_2 }\)

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

For an equation to be balanced, the number of atoms of each elements on both side of the equation must be equal.

Number of atoms of each element on the LHS:

(subscript in front of an atom represents its number of atoms in the compund)

Number of atoms of each element on the LHS:

The number of Hydrogen atoms on boths sides is NOT balanced!

Hit and trial method:

If we add a "2" in front of K, H2O and KOH

\( \mathsf{ \underline{2K} +\underline{2 H_2O} \rightarrow \:\underline{2}KOH + H_2 }\)

Number of atoms on both the sides become equal.

(TIP: This comes thru practice:/. but main point is even out the oxygen and Hydrogen atoms first. like if it's 3 multiply it by 2 and you get an even number, I.e., 6)

Number of atoms of each element on the LHS:

Number of atoms of each element on the LHS:

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Hence, the balanced form of the equation is:

\( \boxed{ \mathsf{ \underline{2K} +\underline{2 H_2O} \rightarrow \:\underline{2}KOH + H_2 }}\)

Answer:(GMO)

Explanation: genetically modified organism (GMO)

Answer:

standard carbon atom

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

This is an isotope of carbon, more specifically, carbon-14. Carbon 14 has 6 protons, making the element carbon, and eight neutrons since 14-6 = 8.

The product that donates electrons to the electron transport chain is NADH.

The electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of chemical reactions that occur within the inner mitochondrial membrane. It's a process that generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the energy currency of the cell. NADH is produced during the process of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. It is a molecule that carries electrons and hydrogen ions (H+) to the electron transport chain in the mitochondria.

During the process of cellular respiration, NADH donates electrons to the electron transport chain, which facilitates the pumping of H+ ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane .This results in a concentration gradient of H+ ions, which powers the ATP synthase enzyme. This enzyme converts ADP (adenosine diphosphate) to ATP by adding a phosphate group. The donation of electrons by NADH to the electron transport chain is a crucial step in the process of cellular respiration.

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Submicroscopic events are the structure and behavior of the matter or particle that can use for the macroscopic observations of the matter.

Sub microscopic elements are very minute and small particles that can be only seen by a microscope. These are small particles that together make the big matter.

Macroscopic particles are big particles that are constituted by small particles.

Thus, the structure and behavior of the matter or particle that can be used for macroscopic observations of the matter are submicroscopic occurrences.

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Since there are mutations in the lacZ and lacY genes (lacz- and lacy-), only the LacA protein, encoded by the laca+ allele, is functional. Therefore, the phenotype is Lacz- LacY+ LacA+.

Based on the given genotype, the phenotype of the E. coli merodiploid strain in the absence (-) or presence (+) of IPTG can be determined as follows:

IPTG: Lacz- LacY- LacA+

IPTG: Lacz- LacY+ LacA+

In the absence of IPTG, the lac operon is not induced, and the lac repressor protein encoded by the lacl° allele is non-functional. Therefore, it cannot bind to the operator region, allowing the transcription of lacZ, lacY, and lacA genes. However, since there are mutations in the lacZ and lacY genes (lacz- and lacy-), the LacZ and LacY proteins are not produced. The LacA protein, encoded by the laca+ allele, is functional, resulting in the phenotype Lacz- LacY- LacA+.

IPTG: Lacz- LacY+ LacA+

In the presence of IPTG, IPTG acts as an inducer of the lac operon. It binds to the repressor protein encoded by the lacl° allele, causing a conformational change that prevents it from binding to the operator. This allows transcription of the lacZ, lacY, and lacA genes. However, since there are mutations in the lacZ and lacY genes (lacz- and lacy-), only the LacA protein, encoded by the laca+ allele, is functional. Therefore, the phenotype is Lacz- LacY+ LacA+.

So, the correct answer is A. - IPTG: Lacz- LacY- LacA+

IPTG: Lacz- LacY+ LacA+.

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When the engineer adds an additional 1.2 atm of nitrogen dioxide, the total pressure of the mixture is 4.9 atm + 1.2 atm = 6.1 atm. At equilibrium, the pressure of dinitrogen tetroxide is approximately 2.3 atm.

This is calculated by subtracting the equilibrium pressure of nitrogen dioxide (2.7 atm) from the total pressure of the system (6.1 atm). Therefore, after equilibrium is reached the second time, the pressure of dinitrogen tetroxide is 2.3 atm.

When nitrogen dioxide gas is added to a system, the equilibrium pressure of dinitrogen tetroxide is determined by Le Chatelier's principle. This principle states that when a system is disturbed from equilibrium, it will shift to re-establish equilibrium.

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Answer:

For instance equation C6H5C2H5 + O2 = C6H5OH + CO2 + H2O will not be balanced, but PhC2H5 + O2 = PhOH + CO2 + H2O will; Compound states [like (s) (aq) or (g)] are not required. If you do not know what products are enter reagents only and click 'Balance'. In many cases a complete equation will be suggested.

Explanation:

The density of carbon monoxide gas at 20°C and 98 kPa is 1.145 g/L.

The ideal gas law is PV = nRT

where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in kelvin.

To find the density of carbon monoxide gas at 20°C and 98 kPa, we can use the ideal gas law to find the number of moles of gas in 1 L of gas at these conditions and then divide the mass of 1 mole of gas by the number of moles to get the density.

First, we need to convert the temperature to kelvin:

20°C + 273.15 = 293.15 K

Rearranging the ideal gas law, we get:

n = PV/RT

We can assume that the volume is 1 L, so:

n = (98 kPa)(1 L) / [(0.0821 L·atm/mol·K)(293.15 K)] = 0.0413 mol

The molar mass of carbon monoxide is 28.01 g/mol, so the mass of 0.0413 mol is:

0.0413 mol x 28.01 g/mol = 1.152 g

Therefore, the density of carbon monoxide gas at 20°C and 98 kPa is:

1.152 g / 1 L = 1.145 g/L

What is density?

Density is a physical property of matter that relates to the amount of mass per unit of volume of a substance. It is typically expressed in units such as grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³) or kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³).

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To calculate the standard Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°rxn) for the given reaction, we can use the equation:ΔG°rxn = ΔH°rxn - TΔS°rxn, Given: ΔH°f (kJ/mol) values:HNO3(aq): -207.0 kJ/mol, NO(g): 91.3 kJ/mol, NO2(g): 33.2 kJ/mol and H2O(l): -285.8 kJ/mol.

S° (J/mol∙K) values:

HNO3(aq): 146.0 J/mol∙K

NO(g): 210.8 J/mol∙K

NO2(g): 240.1 J/mol∙K

H2O(l): 70.0 J/mol∙K

Let's calculate the ΔH°rxn:

ΔH°rxn = [3 × ΔH°f(NO2(g))] + [ΔH°f(H2O(l))] - [2 × ΔH°f(HNO3(aq))] - [ΔH°f(NO(g))]

ΔH°rxn = [3 × 33.2 kJ/mol] + [-285.8 kJ/mol] - [2 × (-207.0 kJ/mol)] - [91.3 kJ/mol]

ΔH°rxn = 99.6 kJ/mol - 285.8 kJ/mol + 414.0 kJ/mol - 91.3 kJ/mol

ΔH°rxn = 136.5 kJ/mol

Calculate the ΔS°rxn:

ΔS°rxn = [3 × S°(NO2(g))] + [S°(H2O(l))] - [2 × S°(HNO3(aq))] - [S°(NO(g))]

ΔS°rxn = [3 × 240.1 J/mol∙K] + [70.0 J/mol∙K] - [2 × 146.0 J/mol∙K] - [210.8 J/mol∙K]

ΔS°rxn = 720.3 J/mol∙K + 70.0 J/mol∙K - 292.0 J/mol∙K - 210.8 J/mol∙K

ΔS°rxn = 287.5 J/mol∙K

Now, we can calculate ΔG°rxn using the equation:

ΔG°rxn = ΔH°rxn - TΔS°rxn

If we assume a standard temperature of 298 K, we can substitute the values: ΔG°rxn = 136.5 kJ/mol - (298 K * 0.2875 kJ/mol∙K)

ΔG°rxn = 136.5 kJ/mol - 85.57 kJ/mol

ΔG°rxn ≈ 50.93 kJ/mol

The calculated ΔG°rxn is positive (+50.93 kJ/mol). Therefore, based on the given options, the closest answer is: +50.8 kJ

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Answer:

Explanation:

Litio -7 (⁷₃Li)

número de protones = 3

número de electrones = 3

número de neutrones = 4

Neon- 20 (²⁰₁₀Ne)

número de protones = 10

número de electrones = 10

número de neutrones = 10

Cloro - 35 (³⁵₁₇Cl)

número de protones = 17

número de electrones = 17

número de neutrones = 18

Fósforo - 31 (³¹₁₅P)

número de protones = 15

número de electrones = 15

número de neutrones = 16

Bromo - 80 (⁸⁰₃₅Br)

número de protones = 35

número de electrones = 35

número de neutrones = 45

Carbono - 14 (¹⁴₆C)

número de protones = 6

número de electrones = 6

número de neutrones = 8

In 1854, Cyrus West Field conceived the idea of the telegraph cable and secured a charter to lay a well-insulated line across the floor of the Atlantic Ocean. Obtaining the aid of British and American naval ships, he made four unsuccessful attempts, beginning in 1857.

Answer:

\(\boxed{\rm Al_{\,(s)}+Fe_2O_{\,(s)} \rightarrow Al_2O_{3\,(s)} + Fe_{\,(s)}}\)

Explanation:

Aluminium metal + iron(I) oxide powder → aluminium oxide solid + iron metal

This is an example of a displacement reaction, with chemical equation:

\(\boxed{\rm Al_{\,(s)}+Fe_2O_{\,(s)} \rightarrow Al_2O_{3\,(s)} + Fe_{\,(s)}}\)

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Answer:

NaOH

Explanation:

NaOH is among the water soluble bases

Answer:

As mass increases the gravitational force increases

Explanation:

Things with mass gain a gravitational force, The bigger they are the more force, for example: the sun is the biggest so it pull us

The cell notation for the electrochemical cell with a Pb(s) anode oxidized to Pb²⁺(aq) and a platinum electrode cathode where Fe³⁺(aq) is reduced to Fe²⁺(aq) is:

Pb(s)|Pb²⁺(aq, 1M)||Fe³⁺(aq, 1M), Fe²⁺(aq, 1M)|Pt(s)

The cell notation for the given electrochemical cell can be represented as follows:

Pb(s)|Pb²⁺(aq, 1M)||Fe³⁺(aq, 1M), Fe²⁺(aq, 1M)|Pt(s)

In this notation, the single vertical line "|" represents a phase boundary, while the double vertical lines "||" represent the salt bridge that connects the two half-cells. The anode (where oxidation occurs) is written on the left, and the cathode (where reduction occurs) is written on the right.

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Answer:

Sodium oxide is the product

Explanation:

4Na+O2->2Na2O

Answer:

1. Empirical formula => CH2O2

2. Molecular formula => C2H4O4

Explanation:

From the question given above, the following data were obtained:

Carbon (C) = 26.4 %

Hydrogen (H) = 3.3 %

Oxygen (O) = 70.3 %

Molar mass of compound = 91.0 g/mol

Empirical formula =..?

Molecular formula =..?

1. Determination of the empirical formula of the compound.

C = 26.4 %

H = 3.3 %

O = 70.3 %

Divide by their molar mass

C = 26.4 /12 = 2.2

H = 3.3 /1 = 3.3

O = 70.3 /16 = 4.39

Divide by the smallest

C = 2.2 /2.2 = 1

H = 3.3 /2.2 = 2

O = 4.39 /2.2 = 2

Empirical formula => CH2O2

2. Determination of the molecular formula of the compound.

Molar mass of compound = 91.0 g/mol

Empirical formula => CH2O2

Molecular formula => [CH2O2]n

We shall determine the value of n as follow:

[CH2O2]n = 91

[12 + (2×1) + (2×16)]n = 91

[12 + 2 + 32]n = 91

46n = 91

Divide both side by 46

n = 91/46

n = 2

Molecular formula => [CH2O2]n

Molecular formula => C2H4O4

In the given case where 26.4 % Carbon , 3.3 % Hydrogen , 70.3 % Oxygen , and Molar Mass: 91.0 g/mol the:

Given:

Carbon (C) = 26.4 %  

Hydrogen (H) = 3.3 %  

Oxygen (O) = 70.3 %  

Molar mass of compound = 91.0 g/mol  

Determination of the empirical formula of the compound:-

The ratio is CHO = 1 : 1.5 : 2

multiply with 2 to find correct and complete number ratio

C = 1 × 2 = 2

H = 1.5 × 2 = 3

O = 2 × 2 = 4

Thus,  the Empirical formula => \(C_2H_3O_4\)

Mass × n = molar mass

12 × 2 + 1 × 3 + 16 × 4 = 91

24 + 3 + 64 = 91

91 = 91

Thus moles are 1 which means

molecular formula =  (\(C_2H_3O_4\))\(_1\)

Thus, here in the given data:

Molecular Formula: (\(C_2H_3O_4\))\(_1\)

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Answer:

a. 3.00 mol Al = 3.00 x 27.0 g/mol = 81.0 g

b. 2.56 × 10^24 atoms Li = 2.56 × 10^24 x 6.939 g/mol = 17.75 g

c. 1.38 mol N = 1.38 x 28.0 g/mol = 38.64 g

d. 4.86 × 10^24 atoms Au = 4.86 × 10^24 x 197.0 g/mol = 961.3 g

e. 6.50 mol Cu = 6.50 x 63.5 g/mol = 410.75 g

f. 2.57 × 10^8 mol S = 2.57 × 10^8 x 32.1 g/mol = 82,567,600 g

g. 1.05 × 10^18 atoms Hg = 1.05 × 10^18 x 200.6 g/mol = 210,000 g

46.12 grams of water are produced when 35 grams of \(C_6H_1_0\) react with 45 grams of \(O_2\).

The balanced equation for the combustion of C6H10 (cyclohexene) with O2 is:

\(C_6H_{10} + O_2 - > CO_2 + H_2O\)

From the balanced equation, we can see that 1 mole of  \(C_6H_1_0\) reacts with 6 moles of O2 to produce 6 moles of water.

First, let's calculate the number of moles of C6H10 and O2:

Molar mass of C6H10 = 6(12.01 g/mol) + 10(1.01 g/mol) = 82.16 g/mol

Number of moles of C6H10 = mass / molar mass = 35 g / 82.16 g/mol ≈ 0.426 mol

Molar mass of O2 = 2(16.00 g/mol) = 32.00 g/mol

Number of moles of O2 = mass / molar mass = 45 g / 32.00 g/mol ≈ 1.406 mol

From the stoichiometry of the balanced equation, we can determine that 0.426 moles of C6H10 will produce 0.426 * 6 = 2.556 moles of water.

Now, let's calculate the mass of water produced:

Molar mass of H2O = 2(1.01 g/mol) + 16.00 g/mol = 18.02 g/mol

Mass of water = number of moles of water * molar mass of water

                        = 2.556 mol * 18.02 g/mol

                        ≈ 46.12 g

Therefore, approximately 46.12 grams of water are produced when 35 grams of C6H10 reacts with 45 grams of O2.

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Mercury (Hg) has an atomic number of 80 and a mass number of 200.59. It has seven stable isotopes. The most abundant of these probably have more than 80 neutrons each.

Option A is correct.

The number of a chemical element in the periodic system, in which the elements are arranged by the number of protons in the nucleus, which increases with increasing number. As a result, the atomic number is also the number of protons in the neutral atom, which is always the same as the number of electrons. The number of protons in an atom's nucleus is known as its atomic number. An element's identity is determined by its number of protons—for example, a carbon atom with six protons is an element, regardless of how many neutrons are present.

An atom's atomic number is the same as the number of protons in its nucleus or electrons in an electrically neutral atom. The number of protons in an atom. A sodium atom, for instance, has 11 electrons and 11 protons.

Incomplete question :

On the periodic table of the elements, mercury (Hg) has an atomic number of 80 and a mass number of 200.59. It has seven stable isotopes. The most abundant of these probably have ________.

A. more than 80 neutrons each.

B. more than 50 neutrons each

C. less than 80 neutrons each

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Answer is yes because to say that the tank is half empty would mean that all the oxygen molecules only occupy half or less of the tank.