Match each organelle structure with its function in the cell. This organelle is like the roadways. They can send out protein-filled vesicles to the Golgi. This organelle is like the recycling and waste center. It attacks and destroys unwanted materials in the cell. This organelle acts like the post office. It receives vesicles (packages of proteins), modify the proteins inside, and then ships them where they need to go! This organelle is like the power plant. The organelle takes in glucose and turns it into usable energy during cellular respiration. 1. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) 2. Golgi Apparatus 3. Mitochondria 4. Lysosome

Answer:

Like humans (and unlike most invertebrates) earthworms have a circulatory system with red blood (earthworms also have hemoglobin in their blood). Earthworms don't have arteries and veins like us, but instead a system of vessels that distribute the blood in various directions

Explanation:

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Answer:

When does puberty start? Puberty starts when changes in your child's brain cause sex hormones to start being released from the gonads, which are the ovaries and testes. This typically happens around 10-11 years for girls and around 11-12 years for boys.Skip

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What is puberty?

Puberty is the time when your child moves through a series of significant, natural and healthy changes. These physical, psychological and emotional changes are a sign that your child is moving from childhood towards adulthood.

Changes in puberty include:

physical growth and development inside and outside children’s bodies

changes to children’s sexual organs

brain changes

social and emotional changes.

When does puberty start?

Puberty starts when changes in your child’s brain cause sex hormones to start being released from the gonads, which are the ovaries and testes.

This typically happens around 10-11 years for girls and around 11-12 years for boys.

But it’s normal for the start of puberty to range from 8-13 years in girls and 9-14 years in boys.

There’s no way of knowing exactly when your child will start puberty. Early changes in your child’s brain and hormone levels can’t be seen from the outside, so it’s easy to think that puberty hasn’t started.

Puberty can be completed in about 18 months, or it can take up to 5 years. This range is also completely normal.

Girls: key physical changes in puberty

In girls, these are the main external physical changes in puberty that you can expect.

Around 10-11 years

Breasts will start developing. This is the first visible sign that puberty is starting. It’s normal for the left and right breasts to grow at different speeds. It’s also common for the breasts to be a bit tender as they develop. If your child wants a bra, a soft crop top or sports bra can be a good first choice.

A growth spurt occurs. Some parts of the body – like the head, face and hands – might grow faster than limbs and torso. This might result in your child looking out of proportion for a while. On average, girls grow 5-20 cm. They usually stop growing at around 16-17 years.

The body shape will change. For example, a girl’s hips will widen.

The external genitals (vulva) and pubic hair will start to grow. Pubic hair will get darker and thicker over time.

Around 12-14 years (about two years after breast development starts)

Hair will start growing under the arms.

A clear or white discharge from the vagina starts several months before periods start. If the discharge bothers your child, you could suggest your child uses a panty liner. If your child says it’s itchy, painful or smelly, consult your GP.

Periods will usually start within 2 years of breast growth starting, but can take up to 4 years.

Boys: key physical changes in puberty

In boys, these are the main external physical changes in puberty that you can expect.

Around 11-12 years

The external genitals (penis, testes and scrotum) will start to grow. It’s normal for one testis to grow faster than the other. You can reassure your child that men’s testes usually aren’t the same size.

Pubic hair will start to grow. It will get darker and thicker over time.

Around 12-14 years

Your child will have a growth spurt. Your child will get taller and their chest and shoulders will get broader. Some parts of your child’s body – like their head, face and hands – might grow faster than their limbs and torso. This might result in your child looking out of proportion for a while. On average, boys grow 10-30 cm. They usually stop growing at around 18-20 years.

It’s common for boys to have minor breast development. If your child is worried by this, it might help your child to know it’s normal and usually goes away by itself. If it doesn’t go away or if the breasts seem to be growing a lot, consult your GP.

Around 13-15 years

Hair will start growing on other parts of your child’s body – under the arms, on the face and on the rest of the body. Leg and arm hair will thicken. Some young men will grow more body hair into their early 20s.

The hormone testosterone is produced, which stimulates the testes to produce sperm.

Your child might start having erections and ejaculating (releasing sperm). During this period, erections often happen for no reason at all. Just let your child know that this is normal and that people don’t usually notice. Ejaculation during sleep is often called a ‘wet dream’.

Around 14-15 years

The larynx (‘Adam’s apple’ or voice box) will become more obvious. Your child’s larynx will get larger and their voice will ‘break’, eventually becoming deeper. Some boys’ voices move from high to low and back again, even in one sentence.

Answer:

For girls, puberty typically occurs between the ages of nine and thirteen

For boys, puberty typically occurs between the ages of ten and fifteen.

An increase in hormones – estrogen and progesterone in girls and testosterone in boys – causes the changes that happen during puberty.

Explanation:

The scientific field concerned with using technology on biological organisms for sustainable development has a wide range of uses in the medical and agricultural industries.

It aids in the crops' ability to withstand abiotic stress such as cold, drought, salt, severe weather conditions, etc.

It has a wide range of industrial applications, including the manufacturing of alcohol, cosmetics, and even biological elements and cellular structures.

It is commonly employed in the energy sector, for example, in the manufacturing of biofuels, a natural resource alternative that is also environmentally beneficial and doesn't generate greenhouse gases.

Therefore, The scientific field concerned with using technology on biological organisms for sustainable development has a wide range of uses in the medical and agricultural industries.

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The alveolar walls are lined with capillaries, which carry oxygen to the blood. Tobacco smoke's poisons damage the lungs' lining and irritate the alveoli and bronchioles' delicate tissue.

Smoking causes malignant growth, coronary illness, stroke, lung infections, diabetes, and ongoing obstructive aspiratory sickness (COPD), which incorporates emphysema and persistent bronchitis. Additionally, smoking raises the likelihood of contracting tuberculosis, some eye diseases, and immune system issues like rheumatoid arthritis.

Coughing, chest pain, shortness of breath, and recurrent lung infections are all possible signs. Different kinds of cancer. Nose, sinus, voice box, and throat cancer are more likely to occur in smokers. Additionally, it makes many other cancers more likely.

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Claim 1: A large volcanic eruption makes Earth's temperature cooler.

When a large volcanic eruption occurs, it releases a significant amount of volcanic ash and gases, including sulfur dioxide, into the atmosphere. These volcanic emissions can block sunlight and reduce the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface.

The sulfur dioxide gas can also react with water vapor in the atmosphere to form tiny particles called aerosols, which further contribute to blocking sunlight. As a result, less sunlight reaches the Earth's surface, leading to a temporary cooling effect on the planet. This phenomenon is known as volcanic cooling or volcanic winter.

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Jak2 mutation, pronounced marrow fibrosis, and excessive megakaryocyte proliferation and atypia. Hypercellular bone marrow is the most likely diagnosis.

Background: In order to make up for inefficient hematopoiesis, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients' bone marrow (BM) is typically hypercellular. According to the disease's heterogeneity, a subset of MDS patients have normo- or hypocellular BM.

These results imply that the hypercellularity of the bone marrow in an iron shortage state may be due to the stalling and sequester of erythroid precursors inside the marrow rather than a compensatory mechanism of enhanced cell proliferation. It also undergoes biochemical modifications.

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Answer: A warm front forms when a warm air mass pushes into a cooler air mass, also shown in the image. Warm fronts often bring stormy weather as the warm air mass at the surface rises above the cool air mass, making clouds and storms.

Peat forms when plant material does not fully decay in acidic and anaerobic conditions.

Wetland vegetation, primarily bog plants comprising mosses, sedges, and shrubs, make up the majority of its composition. The peat traps water as it builds up. This gradually makes the environment wetter, which permits it.

Peat is often hand-cut and allowed to dry out in the sun. However, businesses may employ compression to extract moisture from either the peat, which would be soft enough readily compressed as well as may be used as gasoline once dry, for industrial uses. of wetlands to grow.

The three types of peat are fibric, hemic, and sapric. The least decomposed peats contain intact fiber and are called fabric peats. Sapric peats are among the most degraded, followed by hemic peats.

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An experiment is always carried out to determine the cause and effect relationship between two variables.

An experiment is always carried out to determine the cause and effect relationship between two variables. The only way that we can establish cause and effect relationship is to make use of the conducting of an experiment.

Now;

The independent variable is the amount of caffeine

The dependent variable is the hearth rate of the earth worm

The hypothesis in this experiment is that; "The increase in the amount of caffeine increases the heart rate of an earth worm"

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Missing parts:

In the same science fair,Tina ask the question "does caffeine increase the heart rate of an earthworm?" In test 1,she measures the heart rate by looking at the earthworm under a microscopes, the heart rate if 50 beats per minute. In test 2,she places a few drops of caffeine on the earthworms skin and measures the rate again.in this test the heart rate is 68beats per minute

What is the independent variable in this experiment

What is the dependent variable in this experiment

Tina's experiment should have included a hypothisis .in a complete sentence,suggest a hypothesis for Tina's experiment

Answer:

the answer would be b

Explanation:

I’m not sure but my best geuss is B

Answer:The progress of science is the continuous accumulation of knowledge through observation, experimentation, and theory. It involves developing theories, using advanced technology, collaborating across disciplines, and rigorous peer review. Paradigm shifts and breakthrough discoveries challenge existing theories. Science's impact is seen through practical applications in medicine, technology, and other fields, improving our quality of life. It is an iterative process that refines our understanding of the natural world.

Explanation:

The hope is that the sperm within the pollen grain will travel to the ovule in the other plant. After fertilization, a zygote is formed.

What is fertilization?Fertilization is the process in which sperm and an ovum or an ovule join together to form a single cell, which is called a zygote. Fertilization is a biological process that happens in sexual reproduction in which an egg cell fuses with a sperm cell, making the first stage of a new organism. This process results in the formation of a zygote, which will develop into an embryo.In plant reproduction, the sperm within the pollen grain travels to the ovule in the other plant, and after fertilization, a zygote is formed. After fertilization, the zygote will divide and grow into an embryo. The embryo then develops into a seed, which is capable of producing a new plant.

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Question: the hope is that sperm within the pollen grain will travel to the ovule in the other plant. after fertilization what happens next?

Answer:

Fungi are members of the domain Eukarya. Cells of fungi contain a nucleus which allows them to be members of this domain

Explanatio

Answer:

The cytoplasm holds everything together in the cell. Without it, the organelles would not be able to stay in place.

Explanation:

The correct order of reaction rate from lowest to highest is Uncatalyzed reaction, Reaction catalyzed with enzyme A, Reaction catalyzed with enzyme B.

1. The graph presents three activation energy profiles for a chemical reaction (the hydrolysis of sucrose):

an uncatalyzed reaction, and the same reaction catalyzed by two different enzymes. Rank these by reaction rate, as measured by the rate of product formation per unit time, from lowest reaction rate to the highest reaction rate.a. Uncatalyzed reaction

b. Reaction catalyzed with enzyme A

c. Reaction catalyzed with enzyme B

The correct order of reaction rate from lowest to highest is: Uncatalyzed reaction, Reaction catalyzed with enzyme A, Reaction catalyzed with enzyme B.

2.

a. An enzyme is Denatured when it loses its native conformation and its biological activity.

b. An enzyme is considered a Catalyst because of its ability to recognize the shape of a particular molecule.

c. An enzyme is considered Specific because of its ability to recognize the shape of a particular molecule.

d. When properly aligned, the enzyme and substrate form an enzyme-substrate (ES) complex.

e. A substrate binds to an enzyme at the Active site where the reaction occurs.

f. In a catalyzed reaction, a reactant is often called a Substrate because it speeds up chemical reactions without being used up.

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The main components that all viruses have are they contain Genetic material which is consist of DNA and mRNA for their reproduction as well as the Caspids protein.

The earliest evidence for the occurrence of viruses was the discovery of an infectious agent in the sap of a tobacco plant. Experiments were set with different filters from which bacteria could pass but viruses being even smaller than bacteria could not pass.

Viruses were difficult to study because they are very small and couldn't be seen even under a microscope.Wendell Stanley made his studies on the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).

Therefore, The main components that all viruses have are they contain Genetic material which is consist of DNA and mRNA for their reproduction as well as the Caspids protein.

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Giraffes have a recurrent laryngeal nerve that takes a longer route than necessary due to their evolutionary history. The recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve that supplies motor function to the larynx (voice box) and sensory function to the area.

In all mammals, including giraffes, the recurrent laryngeal nerve originates in the brain and travels down the neck, looping around the aortic arch (a major blood vessel) before returning up to the larynx. Most mammals take this route. However, giraffes have a much longer laryngeal nerve.

The reason for this detour is thought to be an evolutionary remnant from the time when giraffes had shorter necks, similar to their ancestors. Over millions of years, giraffes evolved elongated necks to reach high foliage for feeding, but the nerve's pathway remained largely unchanged. The nerve still follows the ancestral route, even though it now has to travel a much longer distance due to the giraffe's neck elongation.

Th quirk of anatomy in giraffes is an example of what is known as "phylogenetic constraint" or "evolutionary baggage." It demonstrates that evolutionary changes in anatomy do not always occur in a way that optimizes efficiency or eliminates unnecessary features. In the case of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in giraffes, the long pathway is an unintended consequence of the gradual evolution process over a long period.

Yes, a nebula that has collapsed to create new stars can appear red due to the presence of ionized hydrogen gas emitting light in the red part of the spectrum.

When a nebula collapses to form new stars, the intense radiation from the newly formed stars can ionize the surrounding hydrogen gas, causing it to emit light in specific wavelengths. This emission is known as hydrogen-alpha (H-alpha) emission, which falls in the red part of the spectrum. The presence of this red emission can give the nebula a reddish appearance. Additionally, other factors such as dust and the age of the stars within the nebula can also contribute to the color of the nebula. Therefore, a collapsed nebula that forms new stars can appear red or have a reddish hue.

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Answer:

Exponential population growth: When resources are unlimited, populations exhibit exponential growth, resulting in a J-shaped curve. When resources are limited, populations exhibit logistic growth. In logistic growth, population expansion decreases as resources become scarce.

Asthmatics tend to have their airways narrowed by smooth muscle constriction, thickening of the walls, and mucus secretion. This condition can affect vital capacity, FEV1, and MVV. Let's discuss how these factors are affected.

Vital capacity: Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air that a person can breathe out after taking the deepest breath possible. Vital capacity decreases in asthma due to bronchoconstriction, which narrows the airways and makes it more difficult for air to enter and exit the lungs.FEV1: FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second) is the amount of air that a person can forcefully exhale in one second.

FEV1 is reduced in asthma due to bronchoconstriction, which reduces the amount of air that can be exhaled in one second. MVV: Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) is the maximum amount of air that a person can breathe in and out in one minute. It's a measure of lung function. Asthma can reduce the MVV due to bronchoconstriction, which can make it difficult to breathe in and out at a normal rate. Bronchoconstriction, mucus secretion, and thickening of the airway walls can reduce the efficiency of gas exchange, reduce lung capacity, and make it more difficult to breathe.

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Acetylcholine combines with a receptor molecule in the postsynaptic membrane of a muscle fibre results in muscle cell contraction. The unselected ach is broken down and the choline is reabsorbed.

Acetylcholine, an organic chemical which functions in the brain and body of many animals as a neurotransmitter. It's name is derived from its chemical structure: this is an ester of acetic acid and choline. Parts in the body that are affected by acetylcholine are referred to as cholinergic.

At presynaptic terminal, acetylcholine storage occurs in the presynaptic vesicle. With the stimulation of the presynaptic terminal, acetylcholine is released from the vesicles into the synaptic cleft, where the neurotransmitter is free to bind with receptors.

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If the pituitary gland is damaged or removed, our growth and development are adversely affected.

Insulin reduces blood sugar levels.

The development of secondary sexual characteristics is directly related to gonads.

The pituitary gland is known as the master gland of the endocrine system because it controls many hormone glands in our body. Without Pituitary glands, the body wouldn't reproduce and grow properly and many other functions are not working properly in our body.

Insulin reduces the blood sugar levels in our body and provides glucose to the cell for the production of energy. When blood sugar levels are too low, the pancreas releases glucagon in the blood with help of insulin. Glucagon is a type of hormone that pancreas help to regulate your blood glucose levels. The liver release stored glucose which causes the blood sugar levels in the body to rise.

The pubertal changes in secondary sex characteristics like breast development, fat deposition, development of genitalia, changes in the larynx, and hair growth lead to increasing levels of gonads.

So we can conclude that our growth and development are adversely affected if the pituitary gland is damaged or removed.

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Answer: the answer should be C

Explanation:

 the allele can be dominant but in a specific situation.  therefore A is not true.  and C  is basically saying, identical twins. * meaning two identical chromosomes* and i think it should be C because look at the picture. they literally look the same. therefore it should be C * my answer is not complicated and i hoped this helped*

Answer:

Explanation:

Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose. Glucose is used as food by the plant and oxygen is a by-product. Cellular respiration converts oxygen and glucose into water and carbon dioxide. Water and carbon dioxide are by-products and ATP is energy that is transformed from the process.

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The induction of a distinct, obesity-associated natural killer (NK) cell subpopulation, driven by the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway, is found to negatively impact energy and glucose homeostasis. This discovery sheds light on the role of NK cells in obesity-related metabolic dysfunction.

The study reveals that in the context of obesity, there is an induction of a specific subpopulation of NK cells that is associated with metabolic disturbances. This induction is mediated by the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway, which is known to be involved in inflammation and immune responses. The activation of this pathway leads to the expansion and differentiation of NK cells, resulting in the formation of an obesity-associated NK cell subpopulation.

The presence of this distinct NK cell subpopulation in obesity is detrimental to energy and glucose homeostasis. These cells contribute to chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance, which are key factors in the development of metabolic disorders such as obesity-associated diabetes.

Understanding the involvement of NK cells and the IL-6/STAT3 pathway in obesity-related metabolic dysfunction provides valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of obesity-induced metabolic disturbances. Targeting this specific NK cell subpopulation or modulating the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway may hold potential therapeutic strategies for improving energy and glucose homeostasis in individuals with obesity-related metabolic disorders. Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms by which these cells impact metabolic function and to explore potential interventions to mitigate their negative effects.

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Answer:

Explanation:The reactions of cellular respiration can be grouped into three stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle (also called the citric acid cycle), and electron transport

Answer:

There is no force of attraction between you and Mars.

Explanation:

Answer:

[Read the whole things to understand] Since Mars is so big and far away, and Earth is being pulled on more by the sun and therefore causing an orbit, this causes the gravitational pull of the Sun pulling the Earth (causing the orbit) to make the movements so slow and small for our size on Earth that we can't feel it. If everything is pulling on everything else equally wouldn't it cancel out? Or would it be even enough that you just can't feel it? If you're moving at the same time the Earth is because you are standing on the Earth, then you wouldn't feel it. Imagine being in a Starship. The ship is falling downwards in Earth's atmosphere so shouldn't you either lean forward or lean back a lot because of gravity and force? Or would you just stay in the same position you were in because you're falling at the same time and speed the ship is? Think about it.

Explanation: