The losses of prestress occurs due to lateral friction loss, long term prestress loss, immediate prestress loss and delayed prestress.
There are different types of losses of prestress that occur due to various reasons. Below are some of the types of losses of prestress in a post-tensioned beam:
Lateral Friction Loss: Lateral friction loss is due to the horizontal curvature of the tendon in a post-tensioned beam.
Vertical Friction Loss: Vertical friction loss is due to the vertical curvature of the tendon in a post-tensioned beam.
Anchorage Slippage Loss: Anchorage slippage loss is due to the slippage of the tendons on the anchorage plate in a post-tensioned beam.
Immediate Prestress Loss: Loss of prestress due to the shortening of the concrete section due to the immediate compressive force exerted by the tendons.
Long-term Prestress Loss: Loss of prestress due to a long-term effect of sustained loads.
Delayed Prestress Loss: Prestress loss that develops after a considerable amount of time.
In addition to these types of losses of prestress, the distance between the center of gravity of a compression member and center of the prestressing tendons is known as the lever arm.
The force that will develop after the immediate losses are considered is called effective prestressing force.
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Please help me with this question
Answer:
4.2
Explanation:
The "allowance" is the difference between the maximum shaft size and the minimum hole size.
maximum shaft = C +D = 8.5 +0.1 = 8.6
minimum hole = A -B = 4.8 -0.4 = 4.4
Allowance = 8.6 -4.4 = 4.2
__
For an interference fit, the allowance is negative.
How can design rationale benefit interface design and why might it be rejected by design teams?
Q2. Explain QOC design rationale using an example to illustrate.
Design rationale can benefit interface design by providing a clear and logical explanation of design choices and how they meet the requirements of the project. However, design rationale may be rejected by design teams if it is seen as overly prescriptive or rigid, or if it is not well-aligned with the goals and objectives of the project.
Design rationale can help the design team to better understand the design and make informed decisions about changes or improvements.
QOC (Questions, Options, Criteria) design rationale is a method for structuring design decisions and the rationale behind them. It involves identifying the key questions that need to be answered in the design process, generating a range of possible options for addressing those questions, and then evaluating those options against a set of criteria.
For example, if the design team is tasked with creating a user interface for a mobile app, they might begin by asking questions like "What features should the app include?" and "How should the app be organized?" They could then generate a range of options for each question, such as "Include a search function, a messaging function, and a profile function" or "Organize the app into tabs for each function." Finally, they could evaluate these options against criteria such as usability, efficiency, and aesthetic appeal to make informed design decisions.
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Using three separate situations, record your observations on the ways other drivers handle determining appropriate speed when changing lanes. Where were you? What time of day was it? Could a collision have occurred because of what you saw? Answer in a paragraph containing at least five sentences.
During the next week, observe other people’s driving while you are riding in a vehicle. Are drivers keeping enough space between their vehicles to allow for the total stopping distance? What will you do differently than the people and cars that you observed? Answer in a paragraph containing at least five sentences.
Answer:
Explanation: Changing Lanes Tip 1: scan Explanation: When scanning you check all your mirrors while looking at the road in between, this keeps you aware of your surroundings. Tip 2: check blind spotExplanation: When checking your blind spot you quickly glance to which way you want to change lanes for no more than 2 seconds. Your peripheral vision will pick up any lights or movement. Tip 3: use signals Explanation: When changing lanes use you signal to alert others around you even if no ones around
I need to solve for d
Answer:
it's not included
Explanation:
plz exact ur explain
Answer:
si amor
Explanation:
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An air-standard Carnot cycle is executed in a closed system between the temperature limits of 350 and 1200 K. The pressures before and after the isothermal compression are 150 and 300 kPa, respectively. If the net work output per cycle isPage 529 0.5 kJ, determine (a) the maximum pressure in the cycle, (b) the heat transfer to air, and (c) the mass of air. Assume variable specific heats for air.
This question is incomplete, the complete question is;
An air-standard Carnot cycle is executed in a closed system between the temperature limits of 350 and 1200 K. The pressures before and after the isothermal compression are 150 and 300 kPa, respectively. If the net work output per cycle is 0.5 kJ, determine (a) the maximum pressure in the cycle, (b) the heat transfer to air, and (c) the mass of air. Assume variable specific heats for air.
Answer:
a) the maximum pressure in the cycle is 30.01 Mpa
b) the heat transfer to air is 0.7058 KJ
c) mass of Air is 0.002957 kg
Explanation:
Given the data in the question;
We find the relative pressure of air at 1200 K (T1) and 350 K ( T4)
so from the "ideal gas properties of air table"
Pr1 = 238
Pr4 = 2.379
we know that Pressure P1 is only maximum at the beginning of the expansion process,
so
now we express the relative pressure and pressure relation for the process 4-1
P1 = (Pr2/Pr4)P4
so we substitute
P1 = (238/2.379)300 kPa
P1 = 30012.6 kPa = 30.01 Mpa
Therefore the maximum pressure in the cycle is 30.01 Mpa
b)
the Thermal heat efficiency of the Carnot cycle is expressed as;
ηth = 1 - (TL/TH)
we substitute
ηth = 1 - (350K/1200K)
ηth = 1 - 0.2916
ηth = 0.7084
now we find the heat transferred
Qin = W_net.out / ηth
given that the net work output per cycle is 0.5 kJ
we substitute
Qin = 0.5 / 0.7084
Qin = 0.7058 KJ
Therefore, the heat transfer to air is 0.7058 KJ
c)
first lets express the change in entropy for process 3 - 4
S4 - S3 = (S°4 - S°3) - R.In(P4/P3)
S4 - S3 = - (0.287 kJ/Kg.K) In(300/150)kPa
= -0.1989 Kj/Kg.K = S1 - S2
so that; S2 - S1 = 0.1989 Kj/Kg.K
Next we find the net work output per unit mass for the Carnot cycle
W"_netout = (S2 - S1)(TH - TL)
we substitute
W"_netout = ( 0.1989 Kj/Kg.K )( 1200 - 350)K
= 169.065 kJ/kg
Finally we find the mass
mass m = W_ net.out / W"_netout
we substitute
m = 0.5 / 169.065
m = 0.002957 kg
Therefore, mass of Air is 0.002957 kg
to be considered a complete warm up cycle, the engine must reach a temperature of
To be considered a complete warm-up cycle, the engine must reach a temperature that is optimal for its efficient and safe operation.
The specific temperature required for a complete warm-up cycle may vary depending on the engine type, fuel used, and other factors. Generally, the engine should reach its normal operating temperature, which is typically around 195-220 degrees Fahrenheit (90-105 degrees Celsius) for most gasoline-powered vehicles. This temperature allows the engine to operate efficiently, burn fuel effectively, and minimize wear and tear on engine components. However, it's important to consult the manufacturer's guidelines or the vehicle's owner's manual for the recommended warm-up temperature specific to your engine model.
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The system ________ can communicate with each other and adjust system operation to match the heat load and operating conditions.
The system automatically can communicate with each other and adjust system operation to match the heat load and operating conditions.
What is system operation?
System operation is the process of managing, controlling, and monitoring the operations of a computer system or network. It encompasses the planning and implementation of system operations, including the coordination of hardware, software, and communication components. System operation includes activities such as system configuration, system monitoring, performance tuning, system backup, system recovery, and system maintenance. System operation ensures that the system or network is secure, reliable, and available to users. It also involves troubleshooting and responding to incidents, analyzing system performance, and identifying areas for improvement. System operation is critical to the success of any organization, as it ensures the availability, reliability, and security of the system or network.
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Water is the working fluid in an ideal Rankine cycle. The
condenser pressure is 8 kPa, and saturated vapor enters the turbine at (a) 18 MPa and (b) 4 MPa. The net power output of
the cycle is 100 MW. Determine for each case the mass flow
rate of steam, in kg/h, the heat transfer rates for the working
fluid passing through the boiler and condenser, each in kW,
and the thermal efficiency.
Answer:
1021c.
Explanation:
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Hey guys can anyone list chemical engineering advancement that has been discovered within the past 20 years
How can statistical analysis of a dataset inform a design process
I don't know how?
i hate it that it says 20 charcters long
A society can rise no higher than the individual values of its citizens. Driving can get no better than the
values of the drivers?
It is TRUE to state that A society can rise no higher than the individual values of its citizens. Driving can get no better than the values of the drivers.
What is the import of the above statement?The above statement infers that to have better drivers on the road, the government must be intentional about the quality of training and standards imposed on drivers and or would-be drivers.
Thus, the higher the training and standards, the better the quality of driving on our roads, and less vehicular accidents.
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under what conditions would a waterways conservation officer instruct a vessel operator to return to the nearest mooring
A Waterways Conservation Officer is responsible for preserving and protecting aquatic life and the environment. They make sure that vessels and operators comply with laws, regulations, and policies related to waterways conservation and management.
In some cases, they may instruct vessel operators to return to the nearest mooring. Some conditions that may lead to such instruction include:1. Inclement Weather:In bad weather conditions, such as heavy storms, winds, or thunderstorms, a Waterways Conservation Officer may instruct a vessel operator to return to the nearest mooring. This is because operating a vessel in such conditions can be risky, dangerous, and potentially life-threatening.
2. Safety Concerns:If a vessel operator is not following the safety rules and regulations, a Waterways Conservation Officer may instruct them to return to the nearest mooring. This may include cases where the vessel is overloaded, not carrying enough life jackets, or the operator is not wearing a personal flotation device.3. Breaking Laws:If the vessel operator is breaking any waterways laws or regulations, the Waterways Conservation Officer may instruct them to return to the nearest mooring.
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in mining auxiliary operations are the supplementry steps that support the production cycle . elucidate the auxiliary operations of underground mining?
Answer:
The answer is below
Explanation:
The mining auxiliary operations in underground mining involve various activities that are important for a successful mining operation particularly in the areas of productive operating conditions.
The activities involved in the auxiliary operations in underground mining include the following: ventilation, haulage, drainage, power supply, lighting, delivery of compressed air, water, supplies to the working sections, and communications.
what do you need to craft netherite ingots come on man you should know this
4 netherite scrap and 4 gold
in a crafting table
Ans. 18).
A push of 180 N and pull of 350 N act simultaneously at a point. Find the resultant of the
forces. if the angle between them (135)
Explanation:
R = √(A²+B²–2ABCos(x°))
x⁰ = 180–135
x° = 45°
R = √(350²+180²–2(350(180))Cos(45)))
R = 256.524
In which of the following branches of engineering is the practice not restricted?
a) civil engineering.
b) mechanical engineering.
c) nuclear engineering.
Answer:
a) civil engineering.
Explanation:
Civil engineering is a professional engineering program that deals with the construction, design, and maintenance of all the natural and man-made environments including dams, buildings, railways, and roads.
Civil engineering is the branch of engineering that is the practice not restricted because civil engineer is not restricted to academic profession but practice in designing and construction can make someone a professional civil engineer.
Hence, the correct answer is "a)."
The branch of engineering in which the practice is not restricted is; Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with the design, construction and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment.
These physically and naturally built environment includes; houses, roads, bridges, airports, railways, canals, dams, sewage systems, pipelines e.t.c
Now, mechanical engineering involves design, production, operation and maintenance of mechanical systems or machineries.
In conclusion, we see that the mechanical branch of engineering is restricted to machinery unlike civil engineering that is not restricted to only buildings but also includes pipelines, bridges, roads, railways, dams, sewage systems e.t.c
Finally, the nuclear engineering branch is also restricted to only nuclear fission and fusion applications.
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Under what circumstances would you specify the use of portland cement plaster? Keenes cement plaster? Veneer plaster?
Portland cement plaster, Keene's cement plaster, and veneer plaster are all types of plaster commonly used in construction for interior and exterior walls and ceilings.
How to choose the plaster to useThe choice of which type of plaster to use depends on several factors, including the conditions of the construction site, the type of substrate being plastered, and the desired finish.
Portland cement plaster is a versatile and durable plaster that is commonly used for exterior walls and ceilings. It is made from a mixture of Portland cement, sand, and water, and can be applied in one or two coats depending on the desired thickness.
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4. Your supervisor texts you during the working hours for no reasons. S/he also invited you for a
dinner to discuss your salary increase issue during a weekend. What should be your role based
on the Ontario's Occupational Health and Safety Act ("OHSA") to deal your supervisor? Discuss.
If your supervisor is texting you during work hours for no reason, you should speak to him or her about it. If your supervisor is inviting you to dinner to discuss your salary increase issue, you should tell him or her that you are not comfortable with that and would prefer to discuss it during work hours. Your supervisor's behaviour is inappropriate and violates the Ontario's Occupational Health and Safety Act ("OHSA"). You should discuss the issue with your supervisor and try to resolve the issue. If you are not able to resolve the issue, you can file a complaint with the Ontario Ministry of Labour.
Occupational Safety and Health Act:
The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 is a United States labour legislation that governs federal occupational health and safety law in the private sector and federal government. Congress passed it in 1970, and President Richard Nixon signed it on December 29, 1970.
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Five bolts are used in the connection between the axial member and the support. The ultimate shear strength of the bolts is 320 MPa, and a factor of safety of 4.2 is required with respect to fracture. Determine the minimum allowable bolt diameter required to support an applied load of P
Answer:
The minimum allowable bolt diameter required to support an applied load of P = 450 kN is 45.7 milimeters.
Explanation:
The complete statement of this question is "Five bolts are used in the connection between the axial member and the support. The ultimate shear strength of the bolts is 320 MPa, and a factor of safety of 4.2 is required with respect to fracture. Determine the minimum allowable bolt diameter required to support an applied load of P = 450 kN"
Each bolt is subjected to shear forces. In this case, safety factor is the ratio of the ultimate shear strength to maximum allowable shear stress. That is to say:
\(n = \frac{S_{uts}}{\tau_{max}}\)
Where:
\(n\) - Safety factor, dimensionless.
\(S_{uts}\) - Ultimate shear strength, measured in pascals.
\(\tau_{max}\) - Maximum allowable shear stress, measured in pascals.
The maximum allowable shear stress is consequently cleared and computed: (\(n = 4.2\), \(S_{uts} = 320\times 10^{6}\,Pa\))
\(\tau_{max} = \frac{S_{uts}}{n}\)
\(\tau_{max} = \frac{320\times 10^{6}\,Pa}{4.2}\)
\(\tau_{max} = 76.190\times 10^{6}\,Pa\)
Since each bolt has a circular cross section area and assuming the shear stress is not distributed uniformly, shear stress is calculated by:
\(\tau_{max} = \frac{4}{3} \cdot \frac{V}{A}\)
Where:
\(\tau_{max}\) - Maximum allowable shear stress, measured in pascals.
\(V\) - Shear force, measured in kilonewtons.
\(A\) - Cross section area, measured in square meters.
As connection consist on five bolts, shear force is equal to a fifth of the applied load. That is:
\(V = \frac{P}{5}\)
\(V = \frac{450\,kN}{5}\)
\(V = 90\,kN\)
The minimum allowable cross section area is cleared in the shearing stress equation:
\(A = \frac{4}{3}\cdot \frac{V}{\tau_{max}}\)
If \(V = 90\,kN\) and \(\tau_{max} = 76.190\times 10^{3}\,kPa\), the minimum allowable cross section area is:
\(A = \frac{4}{3} \cdot \frac{90\,kN}{76.190\times 10^{3}\,kPa}\)
\(A = 1.640\times 10^{-3}\,m^{2}\)
The minimum allowable cross section area can be determined in terms of minimum allowable bolt diameter by means of this expression:
\(A = \frac{\pi}{4}\cdot D^{2}\)
The diameter is now cleared and computed:
\(D = \sqrt{\frac{4}{\pi}\cdot A}\)
\(D =\sqrt{\frac{4}{\pi}\cdot (1.640\times 10^{-3}\,m^{2})\)
\(D = 0.0457\,m\)
\(D = 45.7\,mm\)
The minimum allowable bolt diameter required to support an applied load of P = 450 kN is 45.7 milimeters.
We have that the minimum allowable bolt diameter is mathematically given as
d = 26.65mmFrom the question we are told
Five bolts are used in the connection between the axial member and the support. The ultimate shear strength of the bolts is 320 MPa, and a factor of safety of 4.2 is required with respect to fracture. Determine the minimum allowable bolt diameter required to support an applied load of Assuming P to be P = 425 kN.DiameterGenerally the equation for the stress is mathematically given as
\(\mu= 320/4.2 \\\\\mu= 76.190 N/mm^2\)
Therefore
Force = Stress * area
Force = P/2
F= 425,000 N / 2 = 212,500 N
Hence area of each bolt is given as
212,500 = 76.190*( 5* area of each bolt)
area of each bolt = 557.815
Since
area of each bolt=\pi*d^2/4
\pi*d^2/4 = 557.815
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In crow's foot style E-R diagrams, a hash mark across the relationship line near an entity indicates ________.
A. a maximum cardinality of optional
B. a minimum cardinality of mandatory and a maximum cardinality of one
C. a maximum cardinality of mandatory and a minimum cardinality of one
D. a minimum cardinality of optional
E. a maximum cardinality of many
In crow's foot style E-R diagrams, a hash mark (#) across the relationship line near an entity indicates a minimum cardinality of mandatory and a maximum cardinality of one (option B).
What is the crow's foot notation?The crow's foot notation is a graphical representation used in E-R diagrams to represent the cardinality of the relationships between entities.
In this notation, an entity is represented as a rectangle, and a relationship is represented as a line connecting two entities.
The crow's foot notation uses various symbols to represent the cardinality of the relationship, including a hash mark (#).
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two pieces of copper wire have equal lengths. one has a cross-sectional diameter twice the other. which of the following do you expect to be true? group of answer choices the larger wire has 1/2 the resistance the larger wire has twice the resistance the larger wire has 1/4 the resistance the wires have equal resistance the larger wire has 4 times the resistance
Answer:
Larger wire has 1/2 resistance
Explanation:
Explanation can be found in attached image.
1. When measuring a cylinder for wear, the most wear will be found at the
Answer:
Most cylinder wear occurs at the top of ring travel.
Producing airplanes is complex that the necessary expertise and resources to manufacture different components are spread across the world, for instance, Boeing has more than 15,000 suppliers in 81 countries.
Select one:
a. International suppliers
b. Fully integrated global supply chain
c. Off shore manufacturing
d. International distribution system
Answer:
D. International distribution system
what is Auto Cad? and some should help me the drawing of it?
What is Auto Cad?
Answer : AutoCAD is a commercial computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting software application. Developed and marketed by Autodesk, AutoCAD was first released in December 1982 as a desktop app running on microcomputers with internal graphics controllers.
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A Pelton wheel has a mean bucket speed of 35 m/s with a jet of water flowing at the rate of 1 m3/s under a head of 270m. The buckets deflect the jet through an angle of 170°. Calculate the power delivered to the runner and the hydraulic efficiency of the turbine. Assume co-efficient of velocity as 0.98.
Power delivered to the runner is approximately 2.34 MW and the hydraulic efficiency of the Pelton wheel is approximately 88%.
Step-by-step explanation:
Calculate the coefficient of bucket using the bucket deflection angle:
cos(170°/2) = cos(85°) = 0.087
coefficient of bucket = 1 - 0.087 = 0.913
Calculate the mass flow rate:
mass flow rate = density x volumetric flow rate
= 1000 kg/m3 x 1 m3/s
= 1000 kg/s
Calculate the power delivered to the runner:
Power = mass flow rate x acceleration due to gravity x head x efficiency
= 1000 kg/s x 9.81 m/s2 x 270 m x 0.98 x 0.913
= 2341596.6 W
≈ 2.34 MW
Calculate the hydraulic efficiency:
Hydraulic efficiency = power output / power input
= 2.34 MW / (1000 kg/s x 9.81 m/s2 x 270 m x 0.98)
≈ 0.88 or 88%
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unitate de masura in SI pt F
Answer:
Electrical Capacitance
Explanation:
To find - unit of measure in SI for F
Solution -
The answer is - Electrical Capacitance
Reason -
The farad (symbol: F) is the SI derived unit of electrical capacitance, the ability of a body to store an electrical charge.
Răspuns:
Capacitate electrică
Explicaţie:
Pentru a găsi - unitate de măsură în SI pentru F
Soluție -
Răspunsul este - Capacitate electrică
Motiv -
Farada (simbolul: F) este unitatea de capacitate electrică derivată din SI, capacitatea unui corp de a stoca o sarcină electrică.
the most notable aspect in managing C/N for downlink designs is
Answer:
Explanation:
In satellite communications, downlink is the establishment of a communications link from an orbiting satellite down to one or more ground stations on Earth. Contrast with uplink.
which of the following is a form of identity theft? group of answer choices software piracy using digital currency hacking phishing
Phishing is a form of identity theft. It is a fraudulent practice in which criminals send fake emails, texts or pop-up messages.
What is Phishing?
Phishing is a type of cybercrime that involves the use of fake emails, texts, or websites to trick people into providing sensitive information, such as passwords, credit card numbers, and other personal data.
The goal of phishing attacks is to steal personal information, compromise online accounts, and steal money. The phishing emails, texts, or websites often mimic those of well-known companies or organizations and appear to be legitimate. However, they are actually malicious attempts to steal information from unsuspecting victims.
Phishing is a form of identity theft. It involves tricking individuals into giving away their personal information, such as passwords and credit card numbers, by posing as a trustworthy entity, such as a bank or government agency, through fake emails, websites, or phone calls. The goal of phishing is to steal sensitive information for financial gain or malicious purposes.
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Which one of the following terms refers to agreement as to what type of information the language is
conveying? O semantic O syntactic O logical O lexical
The term that refers to agreement as to what type of information the language is conveying is "semantic".
Semantic refers to the study of meaning in language, specifically the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences. It focuses on understanding how language conveys information and the relationship between words and their meanings.
For example, consider the sentence "The cat is on the mat." In a semantic analysis, we would examine the meanings of the words "cat," "on," and "mat" to understand the message being conveyed. We would determine that the sentence is expressing the location of the cat on the mat.
In contrast, the other options mentioned in the question have different meanings:
- Syntactic refers to the study of sentence structure and how words are combined to form grammatically correct sentences. It does not specifically focus on the meaning of the words.
- Logical refers to the study of reasoning and how statements relate to each other in a logical manner. It is concerned with the validity and soundness of arguments, rather than the specific meaning of words.
- Lexical refers to the study of words and their meanings. It examines the vocabulary of a language and how words are used to convey meaning. While lexical analysis is related to semantic analysis, it is not specifically concerned with the agreement of the type of information being conveyed.
Therefore, in this context, the correct term that refers to agreement as to what type of information the language is conveying is "semantic".
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Which of the following identifies how an engineer includes interior designs?
O An internal view is used by scalinga drawing to the exact dimensions.
OA crisscross replica is made of the design prototype to show the interior view.
O An internal design is not necessary until a machinist has created the design.
OAsketch is included to show interior designs using a technique called sectioning.
Answer:
i know this one well hypotheticly what if i where to say it was 0 b
Answer:
A sketch is included to show interior designs using a technique called sectioning.
Explanation: