"Financial Development and Economic Growth: Views and Agenda" by Ross Levine, published in the Journal of Economic Literature in 1997, explores the relationship between financial development and economic growth.
The article provides an overview of various theoretical and empirical perspectives on this topic and highlights the importance of financial institutions, markets, and systems in fostering economic growth. It discusses different measures of financial development, such as the size and activity of financial institutions, the depth and efficiency of financial markets, and the effectiveness of financial intermediation. The article concludes with a call for further research and policy focus on understanding the mechanisms through which financial development affects economic growth.
In this influential article, Ross Levine provides a comprehensive review of the literature on the relationship between financial development and economic growth. He presents contrasting views on this topic and examines the empirical evidence supporting different perspectives. Levine emphasizes that financial development plays a crucial role in promoting economic growth by mobilizing savings, allocating capital efficiently, facilitating technological innovation, and reducing information asymmetries. The article discusses the channels through which financial development influences economic growth, including the provision of funds for investment, risk diversification, and improved resource allocation.
Levine also highlights the significance of the institutional environment in shaping the impact of financial development on economic growth. Sound legal and regulatory frameworks, property rights protection, and efficient financial intermediation are identified as crucial factors for successful financial development. The article concludes by suggesting avenues for future research, including the need to understand the causal relationships between financial development and economic growth, the role of financial crises, and the importance of financial innovation.
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Analysts are forecasting LifeTech Corporation's common stock price to be $120 at the end of one year. Also, LifeTech will pay a dividend of $2.60 one year from now. You plan to buy the stock now and sell at the end of one year. If you require a 13% return, what would you be willing to pay to buy the stock now
Answer:
Price to pay now for the stock = $96.278
Explanation:
The price of the stock would be the present value(PV) of the future cash flow expected from it discounted at the required rate of 13%
Hence we would add the present value of he dividend and the resent of he price at the end of the period
PV = CF × (1+r)^(-n)
CF- Cash Flow
R- rate of return- 13%
n- number of years
PV of dividend = 2.60 × (1.13)^(-1) = 2.30
PV of stock price after a year = 120× (1.13)^(-1) = 93.97
Price to pay now for the stock = 2.30 + 93.97 = $96.278
Price to pay now for the stock = $96.278
The market ______ stocks of a stock is the price at which a share of stock can be bought and sold in the stock market.
Answer:
The market joint stork of a stork is the price at which a share of stork can be bought and sold in the market.
The Securities and Exchange Commission is the federal agency that has responsibility for regulating ______.
The Securities and Exchange Commission is the federal agency that has responsibility for regulating "The federal agency that responsibility for regulating the various stock exchanges." This is further explained below.
What is Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) ?Generally, The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is an independent federal agency that is led by a five-member commission that is comprised of a Chairman and four Commissioners who are appointed by the President and confirmed by the U.S. Senate. The Chairman of the Commission serves as the agency's chief executive officer.
In conclusion, The Securities and Exchange Commission is the federal agency that is in charge of regulating the different stock exchanges. This duty falls within the agency's jurisdiction because of its constitutional mandate.
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which kind of budget will cause the largest increase in a country's national debt
what does the abbreviation of CD stand for. (this is financial i put it under business because it is the closest thing to financial literacy)
A. certificate of disposal
B.certificate of interest
C.credit of deferral
D.certificate of deposit
Answer:
D) certificate of deposit.
Explanation:
Washington has an extensive collection of baseball cards. He wants to know how much his mint condition, rookie-year Hank Aaron card is worth. How might he determine the card’s current market value?
Explanation:
It is recommended by some to determine a card's current market value of by determining whether the card has been professionally graded by the Professional Sports Authenticator, if yes, then one can check up the value on the Sports Market Report (SMR).
However, the Hank Aaron card is Estimated to have a PSA 9 Mint Value of $17,500.
_______ will help you maintain good credit.
Paying your Bills on Time will help you to maintain good credit.
Why do one need to Pay Bills on Time?The act if paying one's credit card bills and other forms of loans on time is very vital.
Mostly because late or missed payments could lead to a dip in one's credit score. If one is not totally concerned about missing a due date, it is better to have a form of automatic bill payment that can help one to stay on top of one's account payments.
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Answer: lowering your balances
How is a compressed work week different from a traditional work week?
You work one more day in a compressed work week.
You work forty hours in a compressed work week.
You work one less day in a compressed work week.
You work less than forty hours in a compressed work week.
Answer:
A compressed work allows the employee to work for 35-40hours workweeks in less than five workdays.
How to subscribe to the Journal of Accountancy?
The Journal of Accountancy is a professional publication that provides accountants with the latest news and insights on the profession. By subscribing to the Journal of Accountancy, you will have access to important information and resources to help you learn more about accounting and finance.
Subscribing to the Journal of Accountancy is easy. First, you need to create an account on the Journal of Accountancy website. You can do this by visiting their website and clicking on the "Create an Account" button.
Once you have created your account, you will be able to access the different subscription options. You can choose from a basic subscription, which includes access to the latest articles, or a premium subscription, which includes access to all articles and additional resources.
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Banks do not hold a lot of their assets in the form of cash mainly because of:
a. regulation.
b. the fear of being robbed.
c. the opportunity cost of holding cash, cash does not earn interest.
d. it can encourage employee theft.
Banks do not hold a lot of their assets in the form of cash mainly because of the opportunity cost of holding cash, cash does not earn interest. The correct option is C.
Opportunity costs are the possible advantages that a person, investor, or company forgoes while deciding between two options. It is necessary to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of each choice offered in order to correctly assess opportunity costs.
The interest that could have been made if the cash had been used to buy bonds instead is the opportunity cost of keeping any money balance.
Therefore, due to the opportunity cost of holding cash and cash does not earn interest banks does nor prefer to hold a lot of their assets in the form of cash .
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Las 7) Find the production level that will maximize the profit if the cost and price functions are Ca) = 10000 + 500x - 1.6x? +0.001x and ple) = 1700 - 7. many recommends that the company manufacture
To find the production level that maximizes profit, we need to determine the quantity that maximizes the difference between the revenue and cost functions. The cost function is Ca(x) = 10000 + 500x - \(1.6x^2\)+ 0.001x, and the price function is ple(x) = 1700 - 7x.
To maximize profit, we need to find the quantity x at which the difference between the revenue and cost functions is maximized. The revenue function is given by R(x) = ple(x) * x, where ple(x) represents the price function and x represents the quantity produced. In this case, the price function is ple(x) = 1700 - 7x.
The cost function is given by Ca(x) = 10000 + 500x - \(1.6x^2\) + 0.001x, which represents the total cost of production as a function of quantity x. To find the quantity that maximizes profit, we need to find the critical point of the profit function, P(x) = R(x) - Ca(x).
To find the critical point, we take the derivative of P(x) with respect to x, set it equal to zero, and solve for x. This will give us the production level that maximizes profit.
Once the critical point is found, we can evaluate whether it corresponds to a maximum or minimum by examining the second derivative of P(x). If the second derivative is negative, it indicates a maximum profit.
Therefore, by finding the critical point and analyzing the second derivative, we can determine the production level that will maximize profit for the company.
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Plant Away is an Oregon-based retailer and distributor of trees and shrubs. They have hundreds of smaller nurseries based around the country that grow the plant stock. The majority of their business is conducted online Consumers purchase typically small quantities of products online and Plant Away coordinates the shipping from the most appropriate nursery. What unique problems might you anticipate they have in their supply chain? What might remedy these problems?
Answer: See explanation
Explanation:
A supply chain refers to the network of people, firms, resources, technology etc that are involved in product creation and sale.
Based on the question, the unique problems that one can anticipate in the supply chain can be due unforeseeable events. For example, the uncertainties in this case can be disease of plants, bad weather, interstate regulations etc.
To remedy the problem, it's vital to have a weather forecast that's up-to-date. This can help in anticipating the challenges and then determining the best transportation routes to take.
If you think you should be able to buy or sell anything on the free market, because attaching a price to something does not fundamentally degrade that good or service:
Make your case. Why is this so? On what grounds do you make this claim?
Refute Sandel's suggestions that military service and surrogacy should be beyond price. Where is his argument wrong?
Tell us something that many people think should be restricted (or is actually restricted) that you believe should be sold in the free market and why.
The belief that everything should be able to be bought or sold on the free market is based on the idea that attaching a price to something does not fundamentally degrade its value or purpose. This perspective argues that allowing the free market to determine the value of goods and services encourages efficiency, innovation, and personal freedom. However, there are instances where certain goods or services, such as military service and surrogacy, should be beyond price due to ethical concerns.
1. The idea that attaching a price to something does not degrade its value: This perspective is based on the concept that the value of a good or service is subjective and can be determined by the market. It argues that individuals should have the freedom to assign a price to their own labor or property, and buyers should have the freedom to choose whether or not to purchase it. This approach encourages efficiency by allowing resources to flow to where they are most valued.
2. Efficiency and innovation: Advocates for a free market argue that allowing goods and services to be bought and sold freely encourages competition, which leads to efficiency and innovation. When individuals are motivated by profit, they strive to improve their products or services to attract customers. This competition fosters efficiency in production and distribution, resulting in lower prices and increased access for consumers.
3. Personal freedom: Supporters of the free market believe that individuals should have the freedom to make decisions regarding their own property and labor. This includes the ability to sell or buy goods and services as they see fit, without undue interference from the government or other external parties. This personal freedom is considered essential for a free and prosperous society.
However, there are instances where certain goods or services should be beyond price due to ethical concerns:
1. Military service: Sandel argues that military service should not be bought and sold because it represents a moral duty to serve one's country and protect its citizens. Allowing individuals to buy their way out of military service would undermine the sense of duty and loyalty that is expected in national defense. It would also create a system where only those with financial means could avoid serving in the military, potentially leading to an unfair distribution of the burden of defense.
2. Surrogacy: Sandel suggests that surrogacy should be beyond price because it involves the commodification of human life and the exploitation of vulnerable women. Allowing surrogacy to be bought and sold could lead to situations where individuals with more financial resources can exploit those who are in desperate situations, compromising the well-being of both the surrogate mother and the child.
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true or false losing inventory for the year ended 31 August 2018 will be closing inventory for the year ended 31 August 2019
true because they closed
The net increase (decrease) in cash reported on the statement of cash flows should reconcile the beginning and ending cash balances reported in the comparative balance sheets. True False
Answer:
Uuuuuuuuuuuuu7uuuu7uuuuuuuuuuuuuuudjdjdjjdjjddjdjdjjdjdjdjjdjjdjdjdjdddddddddddddddddjjjjjjjjjj&jjjjjjj&jjjjdjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk*kkkkkkkkkkkkk*kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk**kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk*kkkkkkkkkkkkkk
Explanation:
Eeeeeereeeeereerreeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee33eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee3eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee3eeee
Question 8 of 25
A factory laying off a lot of workers in a town is most likely to lead to which of
the following?
O A. Economic recovery.
B. A buyer's market.
C. Increase in population density.
O D. Rise in housing investment.
CIT
Answer:
B. A buyer's market
Explanation:
Answer: A buyer's market
Explanation:
The owner of Firewood To Go is considering buying a hydraulic wood splitter which sells for $50,000. He figures it will cost an additional $100 per cord to purchase and split wood with this machine, while he can sell each cord of split wood for $125. How many cords of wood would he have to split with this machine to break even
Answer:
The correct answer is "2000 units".
Explanation:
Given:
Fixed cost,
F = $50,000
Variable cost,
VC = $100 per unit
Price,
P = $125 per unit
Let the units to be sold be "x".
Throughout the case of breakeven,
⇒ \(Total \ revenue=Total \ cost\)
⇒ \(125x=50000+100x\)
On subtracting "100x" from both sides,
⇒ \(125x-100x=50000+100x-125x\)
⇒ \(25x=50000\)
⇒ \(x=\frac{50000}{25}\)
⇒ \(=2000 \ units\)
When Molly adds all her payments, how much will the car cost her? (2022 Volkswagen Jetta)
When Molly adds all her payments, the cost of the car is $4,000.
What is the cost?A cost is defined as the worth of money that has been used up to create something or supply a service and is thus no longer accessible for use in research, production, retail, or accounting.
In business, the cost might be one of acquisition, in which case the money spent to obtain it is recognized as cost. The cost of car that Mollly was purchased is:
Cost = down payment + Cash Allowance
Cost = $2,500+$1,500
Cost = $4,000
Therefore, the cost of the car is $4,000.
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Your question seems incomplete, but most probably your question was:
Molly has a $2500 down payment saved for this purchase, and the dealer’s $1500 Cash Allowance will come straight off her total. When Molly adds all of her payments, how much will the car cost her?
Please help me answer these questions!!
1. Jon yanta’s sale exceeded the amount of his expenses (true or false)
2. Reducing expenses could improve the company’s results (true or false)
3. An increase in total revenue could result in net income (true or false)
4. Rent expense of $5,500 would have resulted in net income (true or false)
5. Supplies expense were not a significant portion of total expenses (true or false)
6. Selling more services would have no effect on the revenues (true or false)
7. An increase in prices could result in higher revenue but could also result in fewer sales (true or false)
Answer: 1st false
2nd true
3rd true
4th true
5th false
6th false
7th true
Monetary policy has the largest impact when the money demand curve is ________ and investment demand is ________.
Monetary policy is a powerful tool used by central banks to influence the overall health and performance of an economy.
The effectiveness of monetary policy depends on a number of factors, including the state of the economy, the level of inflation, and the behavior of consumers and businesses. One important factor that affects the impact of monetary policy is the money demand curve. The money demand curve represents the relationship between the interest rate and the quantity of money that people and businesses are willing to hold. When the interest rate is high, people and businesses are less likely to hold onto money because they can earn a higher return by investing or lending it. When the interest rate is low, people and businesses are more likely to hold onto money because the return on investment or lending is lower. Therefore, the effectiveness of monetary policy is greatest when the money demand curve is relatively flat. This means that changes in the interest rate have a bigger impact on the quantity of money people and businesses are willing to hold. When the money demand curve is steep, changes in the interest rate may have little effect on the quantity of money people and businesses are willing to hold. In addition to the money demand curve, the effectiveness of monetary policy also depends on the state of investment demand.
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jon schwartz is an electrical engineer. he works as a temporary worker for a contracting company that builds germ-free rooms for university researchers. while he likes the extra income, he would much rather stay home and work on the novel he is writing. his wife earns a six-figure income so money is not an issue. schwartz is an example of a(n):
'Jon Schwartz is an electrical engineer. he works as a temporary worker for a contracting company that builds germ-free rooms for university researchers. While he likes the extra income, he would much rather stay home and work on the novel he is writing. his wife earns a six-figure income so money is not an issue. Schwartz is an example of a(n) contingent worker.
Contingent workers, additionally called impartial contractors or 1099 people, are folks who lend their skills and information to a commercial enterprise on a venture with the aid of-project or short-time period basis.
Contingent people, also called independent contractors or 1099 people, are folks that lend their skills and know-how to a commercial enterprise on an assignment-by-using-assignment or short-term foundation.
While you rent a contingent staff for short-term assignments, it allows you to lessen expenses. Unlike everyday personnel, you don't need to manipulate and endure their overhead prices. Moreover, groups need now not provide them with other worker benefits like health insurance, perks, paid time off, and many others.
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Organizational success relies considerably on effective purchasing and.
Organizational success relies considerably on effective purchasing and supply chain management. The efficient and strategic management of purchasing activities and the supply chain can have a significant impact on various aspects of an organization's performance and competitiveness.
Here are some key reasons why effective purchasing and supply chain management are crucial for organizational success: Cost Savings: Effective purchasing practices, such as negotiating favorable contracts, optimizing supplier relationships, and implementing cost-effective sourcing strategies, can lead to cost savings for the organization.
Quality and Reliability: Purchasing the right quality materials, components, and services is essential for maintaining product and service quality. Effective purchasing ensures that organizations work with reliable suppliers who deliver goods and services on time, meeting quality standards.
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Will cash bonuses speed the return to work of unemployed people? A state department of employment security notes that last year 68% of people who filed claims for unemployment insurance found a new job within 15 weeks. As an experiment, the state offers $500 to people filing unemployment claims if they find a job within 15 weeks. The percent who do so increases to 77%.
Answer:
Apparently handing out a cash incentive for getting a job when you are unemployed really works. A 9% increase in the number of unemployed people getting a new job is significant.
But this hypothesis has a flaw. Is there any way that you can tell if people quit on purpose just to be able to file for unemployment and get the cash bonus? Unemployment benefits vary a lot depending on the state, but the national average is $378 per week. If you multiply that by 4¹/₂ weeks per month = $1,701 (roughly). It is not a fortune, but its not that bad either.
If we add the extra $500 cash bonus to the total unemployment benefits, in 15 weeks a person could earn $500 + (15 x $378) = $6,170 for not working.
It doesn't make sense for someone earning a high salary to quit just to get unemployment benefits, but being unemployed pays you $6,170 / (15 x 40 hours) = $10.28 per hour and that is more than the minimum wage.
Side effects such as drowsiness, mental clouding, and nausea
can be a result of taking:
We might anticipate experiencing symptoms like tiredness, mental clouding and nausea when using opioids.
What causes hazy urine, and why?The presence with alkaline is the most frequent cause of murky urine. Water, salts, and waste products from the kidneys make up urine, and the ratio of these elements determines whether it is alkaline or acidic (pH). The pH range for normal urine acidity to alkalinity is 4.5 to 8.
Why does my stomach hurt and my urine seem cloudy?UTIs frequently result in symptoms that are unique to the bladder, such as murky urine and pain when urinating. The infection-causing bacteria, however, can also impact your abdomen, particularly your lower belly. Bloating can happen, along with a lot of pressure, pain, and discomfort.
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Circle or highlight the correct answer choice: If you have a high credit score, you are more / less likely to get approved for a loan.
Answer:
more likely to get approved for a loan.
Explanation:
A credit score is the accepted indicator of one's reliability in paying debts. In calculating the credit score, a person's credit history is an essential element. If one has been punctual and disciplined in repaying their debts, they are likely to have a high credit score.
Credit score range between 300 and 850. A high score implies the customer is very reliable in repaying debts. Lenders consider individuals with a high credit score as low-risk customers. They are less likely to default on their debts. For this reason, a customer with a high credit score is highly likely to be approved for a loan.
can you use crest toothpaste if you have braces ?
cavities, gingivitis, acid erosion, sensitivity, plaque, tartar , whitening, freshens breath
Answer:
Yes yu can i have braces
Explanation:
Rakeesh owns a deli shop on campus. He has a daytime manager and a nighttime manager, both of which report to Rakeesh directly. This is an example of a ______ structure.
A structure such as the one Rakeesh has where everyone reports directly to the CEO, is called a Flat Organizational Structure.
What is an Organizational Structure?
This is a system within an organization that spells out how people must relate to one another.
It also highlights how certain activities must flow for the objectives and or goals of that business or entity to be achieved.
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what is our role in taking care of earth? *idk how to start a sentence*
Answer:
Our earth is a nice place and to keep it nice we need to do these things: and so on
Penny Cassidy is considering forming her own pool service and supply company, Penny's Pool Service & Supply, Inc. (PPSS). She has decided to incorporate the business to limit her legal liability. She expects to invest $ 20,000 of her own savings and receive 1,000 shares of common stock. Her plan for the first year of operations forecasts the following amounts at December 31, the end of the current year: Cash in bank, $ 2,900 ; amounts due from customers for services rendered, $ 2,300 ; pool supplies inventory, $ 4,600 ; equipment, $ 28,000 ; amounts owed to Pool Corporation, Inc. , a pool supply wholesaler, $ 3,500 ; note payable to the bank, $ 5,000. Penny forecasts first-year sales of $ 60,000 , wages of $ 24,000 , cost of supplies used of $ 8,200 , other administrative expenses of \,500 , and income tax expense of $ 4,000. She expects to pay herself a $ 10,000 dividend as the sole stockholder of the company.
Required: If Penny's estimates are correct, what would the following first-year financial statements look like for Penny's Pool Service & Supply (use Exhibits 1. 2,1. 3 , and 1. 4 as models)?
(c) Balance sheet
Based on Penny's estimates, the first-year financial statements would look like the following for Penny's Pool Service & Supply and show retained earnings of $9,300.
a) Penny's Pool Service & Supply
Income StatementFor the first year ended December 31
Sales $60,000
Wages $24,000
Supplies Expense 8,200
Administrative Expense 4,500 $36,700
Operating Income $23,300
Income tax expenses 4,000
Net Income $19,300
b) Penny's Pool Service & Supply
Statement of Retained EarningsFor the first year ended December 31
Net Income $19,300
Dividends $10,000
Retained earning $9,300
c) Penny's Pool Service & Supply
Balance SheetAs of December 31
AssetsCurrent Assets:
Cash $2,900
Accounts Receivable 2,300
Supplies Inventory 4,600
Total current assets $9,800
Equipment $28,000
Total assets $37,800
Liabilities and EquityCurrent liabilities:
Accounts Payable $3,500
Long-term liabilities:
Note Payable $5,000 $8,500
Equity:
Common Stock $20,000
Retained Earnings 9,300 $29,300
Total liabilities and equity $37,800
Data and Calculations:Cash $20,000 Common Stock $20,000
Forecasts at December 31:
Cash $2,900
Accounts Receivable $2,300
Supplies Inventory $4,600
Equipment $28,000
Accounts Payable $3,500
Note Payable $5,000
Sales $60,000
Wages $24,000
Supplies Expense $8,200
Administrative Expense $4,500
Income tax expenses $4,000
Dividends $10,000
Thus, the Retained Earnings for the forecast first year would be $9,300.
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Year 0 1 2 3 4 Project 1 -151 21 38 60 82 Project 2 -827 0 0 6994 -6493 Project
Year 0 1 2 3 4
Project 1 -151 21 38 60 82
Project 2 -827 0 0 6994 -6493
Project 3 18 41 60 80 -243
Estimate the IRR for each project (to the nearest 1%)
What is the NPV of each project if the cost of capital is 5%?
Project 1 and Project 3 are viable investments with positive NPV and acceptable IRR at a cost of capital of 5%.
The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) formula is used to calculate the return on an investment based on the present value of future cash flows. It is a widely used financial metric for evaluating investment opportunities, providing insight into the profitability and return of an investment.
Let's begin calculating the IRR for each project using the Excel IRR formula:
Project 1:
Year | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4
------------------------------------------
Cash Flow | -151 | 21 | 38 | 60 | 82
IRR for Project 1: 20%
Project 2:
Year | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4
------------------------------------------
Cash Flow | -827 | 0 | 0 | 6994 | -6493
IRR for Project 2: 22%
Project 3:
Year | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4
------------------------------------------
Cash Flow | 18 | 41 | 60 | 80 | -243
IRR for Project 3: 21%
The next step is to calculate the Net Present Value (NPV) of each project assuming a cost of capital of 5%. We'll use the Excel NPV function for this:
Project 1:
Year | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4
------------------------------------------
Cash Flow | -151 | 21 | 38 | 60 | 82
NPV for Project 1: $37.98
Project 2:
Year | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4
------------------------------------------
Cash Flow | -827 | 0 | 0 | 6994 | -6493
NPV for Project 2: -$282.75
Project 3:
Year | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4
------------------------------------------
Cash Flow | 18 | 41 | 60 | 80 | -243
NPV for Project 3: $81.16
Analyzing the results, we find that the NPV of Project 1 is $37.98, which is positive and greater than 0. This implies that the project is acceptable at a cost of capital of 5%.
On the other hand, the NPV of Project 2 is -$282.75, which is negative, indicating that the project should not be pursued at a cost of capital of 5%.
Lastly, the NPV of Project 3 is $81.16, which is positive and greater than 0, suggesting that the project should be pursued at a cost of capital of 5%.
Therefore, based on the calculations, we can conclude that Project 1 and Project 3 are viable investment options at a cost of capital of 5%.
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