In any consumption externality, we always assume that there is no externality of production. Externality refers to the cost or benefit that is incurred or enjoyed by a party as a result of an economic transaction that they were not part of or involved in.
Consumption externality occurs when an individual or a firm’s consumption of a good or service affects the welfare or utility of others who were not involved in the transaction. In other words, consumption externality refers to the side effect that arises from an economic activity. For instance, pollution from a factory might negatively affect the health and wellbeing of individuals living in the surrounding areas.In consumption externality, it is assumed that there is no externality of production because the externality only occurs when there is a direct link between the consumption of a good or service and the welfare of others. Unlike production externality, which occurs when the production of goods or services causes harm or benefit to a third party, consumption externality is only concerned with the consumption of goods or services. In production externality, there are costs associated with the production process that are not accounted for in the market price, such as pollution, congestion, and noise pollution. These externalities of production can have far-reaching effects on the environment and on the health and wellbeing of individuals, which is why they must be taken into account when making economic decisions.
In conclusion, consumption externality is a market failure that occurs when the consumption of a good or service affects the welfare of others. In this case, it is assumed that there are no externalities of production because the externality only arises from the consumption of goods or services and not from the production process. Externality is a cost or benefit that is incurred or enjoyed by a party as a result of an economic transaction that they were not part of.
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What is one major difference between income tax and sales tax?
A. Income tax is based on taxable income, while sales tax is based
on gross income.
B. Income tax is regressive, while sales tax is progressive.
C. Income tax is based on gross income, while sales tax is based on
taxable income.
D. Income tax is progressive, while sales tax is regressive.
Answer:
D. Income tax is progressive, while sales tax is regressive.
Explanation:
In a progressive tax system, the percentage of tax imposed increases as the taxable income rises. For income tax, progressive tax means an individual with a low income will be taxed using a lower rate compared to high earners. Progressive tax categorizes incomes into different income brackets depending on the level of income. The tax rate increases as one move from a low-income bracket to a higher one.
A regressive tax system charges a constant rate for everyone. Sales tax is a good example of a regressive tax. The tax on basic items, low-priced items, is at the same rate as expensive or high-end items. It means that low-income earners are taxed the same rate as high-income earners for all items purchased.
22.What is the main purpose of advertising? * A. to inform people about new products and services
B. to let people, know about a product’s benefits and where to buy it
C. to make money for the company
D. for tv time
The main purpose of advertising is option B, "to let people know about a product's benefits and where to buy it," best describes the main purpose of advertising.
What is the the main purpose of advertising?While advertising can contribute to making money for the company, generating sales and revenue is typically an indirect outcome of effectively informing and persuading consumers about the product or service being advertised.
The primary focus of advertising is to communicate with the target audience, create awareness, and influence consumer behavior. Making money for the company is a broader business objective that advertising supports, but it is not the sole purpose of advertising itself.
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explain processes of distribution channels in economics
Answer:
Distribution channels in economics refer to the various intermediaries that are involved in the movement of goods and services from the producer to the final consumer. These intermediaries play a critical role in ensuring that products reach the end-users in the most efficient and effective manner possible.
The following are the processes involved in distribution channels in economics:
1. Producer: The first step in the distribution channel is the producer. The producer is the entity that creates the product or service. The producer may be a manufacturer, a farmer, or a service provider.
2. Wholesaler: The next step in the distribution channel is the wholesaler. The wholesaler buys products in bulk from the producer and then sells them to retailers. Wholesalers are often used when the producer cannot sell directly to retailers due to logistical or other reasons.
3. Retailer: The retailer is the next step in the distribution channel. The retailer buys products from the wholesaler or directly from the producer and then sells them to the final consumer. Retailers are often used when the producer cannot sell directly to the final consumer due to logistical or other reasons.
4. Consumer: The final step in the distribution channel is the consumer. The consumer is the end-user of the product or service. The consumer buys the product or service from the retailer.
5. Logistics: Logistics is an important process in the distribution channel. Logistics involves the movement of products from the producer to the retailer or directly to the consumer. Logistics includes transportation, storage, and delivery.
6. Marketing: Marketing is another important process in the distribution channel. Marketing involves promoting the product or service to potential consumers. Marketing includes advertising, public relations, and sales promotions.
7. After-sales service: After-sales service is the final process in the distribution channel. After-sales service involves providing support and assistance to consumers after they have purchased the product or service. After-sales service includes warranties, repairs, and customer service.
In conclusion, the distribution channel is a critical component of the economy. It ensures that products and services reach the end-users in the most efficient and effective manner possible. The various processes involved in the distribution channel include the producer, wholesaler, retailer, consumer, logistics, marketing, and after-sales service.
Hedging against inflation means: Select one: a. purchasing financial investments with returns that are protected against inflation. O b. holding cash during periods of high inflation. O c. purchasing
The correct option is A. So,Hedging against inflation means "purchasing financial investments with returns that are protected against inflation".
Inflation is the general increase in prices of goods and services over time, leading to a decrease in the purchasing power of money. As prices rise, the value of cash diminishes, making it less effective as a long-term investment during periods of high inflation. Therefore, to protect the value of investments and counter the effects of inflation, it is advisable to purchase financial instruments that offer returns that are protected against inflation.
One common way to hedge against inflation is by investing in assets such as stocks, real estate, or commodities. These investments have historically shown the potential to outpace inflation and provide positive returns. For example, stocks of companies that have the ability to raise prices in response to inflation can offer a hedge against rising prices. Similarly, real estate investments tend to appreciate in value over time, often keeping pace with or outpacing inflation. Commodities like gold and oil can also serve as hedges, as their prices are often influenced by inflationary pressures.
Another popular method of hedging against inflation is through the use of inflation-protected securities, such as Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS). These bonds are specifically designed to adjust their principal value in line with changes in the Consumer Price Index (CPI), which is a commonly used measure of inflation. By investing in TIPS, investors can ensure that their returns keep up with inflation, thereby preserving their purchasing power.
Overall, hedging against inflation involves selecting financial investments that provide returns that are protected or have the potential to outpace inflation. This strategy helps investors preserve the value of their assets and maintain their purchasing power over time.
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Describe an ethical dilemma related to employee relations.
An ethical dilemma or ethical paradox is a decision-making problem between two possible moral imperatives, neither of which is unambiguously acceptable or preferable. The complexity arises out of the situational conflict in which obeying would result in transgressing another.
Explain the levels of shariah rulings by giving examples of each relevant to the financial transaction.
Answer:
The levels of shariah rulings by giving examples of each relevant to the financial transaction is explained below in complete details.
Explanation:
Rules of Islamic Finance
The laws of Islamic finance adhere to the general sources of withdrawing Qimar and Maysir which are betting and gambling along with Gharar which is risk linked with exploitation and unfairness. This shuts access to the theory of interest and prevents the use of conventional debt-based devices. The Islamic financial system promotes risk-sharing, encourages entrepreneurship, discourages dangerous behavior, and emphasizes the sacredness of contracts.
insurance is the way a person or business is protected from :
losing interest
losing money
losing value
losing investments
Answer:
losing money
Explanation:
Helps save you from the out of pocket expense if something bad were to happen.
For example if your roof was damaged by a natural disaster it could cost thousnads of dollars out of a persons pocket.
Insurance will pay the cost to repair it allowing you to be protected from losing money.
they are many mixed exnomies in the world becuse
Explanation:
A mixed economic system protects private property and allows a level of economic freedom in the use of capital, but also allows for governments to interfere in economic activities in order to achieve social aims.
which of the following (if any) is a legitimate criticism of the corruption perception index (cpi)?group of answer choicesthe cpi is based on the perceptions of business people and analysts which may not reflect the actual situation in the country.the cpi does not tell you anything about the type of corruption that exists in the country.both criticisms in other options are true.neither criticism is true
The legitimate criticism of the Corruption Perception Index(CPI) is the CPI depends on the view of financial specialists and analysts, which may not reflect the actual situation in the country.
The option (A) is correct.
The CPI is an estimation that positions nations in light of seen degrees of debasement inside their public areas. The information for the CPI is accumulated from reviews and evaluations finished by financial specialists, specialists, and examiners.
Since it depends on discernment as opposed to substantial proof, it is helpless to predispositions, and subjectivity, and may not give a precise impression of the genuine degree of defilement in a country. Hence, the analysis that the CPI depends on discernments that may not mirror what is happening in the nation is a legitimate concern.
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This question is not complete, Here I am attaching the complete question:
Which of the following (if any) is a legitimate criticism of the corruption perception index (cpi)?group of answer choices
(A) the cpi is based on the perceptions of business people and analysts which may not reflect the actual situation in the country.
(B) the cpi does not tell you anything about the type of corruption that exists in the country.
(C) both criticisms in other options are true.
(D) neither criticism is true
The _____ is an agreement that dramatically lowered trade barriers worldwide and created the new World Trade Organization (WTO). Group of answer choices Mercosur Maastricht Treaty International Monetary Fund Uruguay Round North American Free Trade Agreement
The Uruguay Round is an agreement that dramatically lowered trade barriers worldwide and created the new World Trade Organization (WTO). This is further explained below.
What is Uruguay Round?Generally, The following are the primary characteristics of the Uruguay Round Final Settlement: An agreement on agriculture with the goals of expanding market access, lowering export subsidies and tariffs, and removing non-tariff obstacles. An agreement about textiles that places a strong emphasis, in particular, on the gradual removal of quota limits
In conclusion, The Uruguay Round was an agreement that resulted in a significant reduction of trade barriers all over the globe and led to the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO).
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When analysts examine potential market size, they begin with
Multiple Choice
a)population distribution.
b)population density.
c)total population.
d)population growth.
When analysts examine
potential
market size, they begin with total population. The correct option is option c.
What is Market Size?
Market size
is the entire demand for a product or service within a specific market. Analysts calculate the potential market size of a product or service before it enters the market. They conduct this
research
to get an idea of the product's market viability.
When analysts examine potential market size, they begin with total population, which means that option c) is the right option. It is important to note that the population figure is only used as a starting point for market size evaluation.What are the different approaches to calculate the market size?The following are the different
approaches
used by analysts to calculate market size:Top-Down Approach: This approach begins with an overview of the entire market and progressively narrows down to a particular sector. The overall market is often based on either volume or value. Analysts then estimate the portion of the market the product will capture from the total
addressable
market.Bottom-Up Approach: This approach evaluates the target market's scale. This methodology entails identifying the potential consumer groups and determining the target group's requirements. The market's size can then be determined by multiplying the market size by the number of target consumers.How is Market Size determined?Market size can be calculated using the following formula:Market Size = Number of Customers × Average Purchase Value × Number of Annual Transactions
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In general, business writing should be _____.
Business writing is important in the business community. The writing style and material must be specific in order to elicit a meaningful reaction and be expressive in nature.
What is a company definition in a nutshell?
A business is described as a company or organisation that engages in commercial, industrial, or professional activity. Companies can be either for-profit or non-profit organisations. Limited liability firms, sole proprietorships, corporations, and partnerships are all examples of business structures. The introduction to the business plan provides a basic summary of the business plan, including a brief company description, aims and objectives, and the reason for launching the firm.
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The current price of a stock is $22. In 1 year, the price will be either $29 or $14. The annual risk-free rate is 6%. Find the price of a call option on th stock that has a strike price of $23 and that expires in 1 year. (Hint: Use daily compounding.) Assume a 365 -day year. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent.
A call option's price on a stock that has a $23 strike price and expires in 1 year when the current stock price is $22, and the annual risk-free rate is 6 percent can be calculated by using daily compounding. The solution is explained below.Solution:The annual risk-free rate is 6 percent, and the time to maturity is 1 year, with a 365-day year. The daily risk-free rate can be calculated using the following formula:Rdaily= (1+Rannual)^(1/365) - 1Rdaily= (1+0.06)^(1/365) - 1Rdaily = 0.00015323Using the above-calculated risk-free rate, the value of the call option can be calculated using the following formula:Call option price = (expected call option price)/ (1+Rdaily)^(time to maturity in days)Expected call option price can be calculated as follows:If the price of the stock rises, the call option price will be the stock price at maturity minus the strike price of the option. In this case, it will be $29 - $23 = $6. If the stock price falls, the call option will have no value because the investor will not buy stock for $23 when it is worth $14.Therefore, the expected call option price = 0.5($6) + 0.5($0) = $3The time to maturity is 365 days, so the option price can be calculated as follows:Call option price = $3/ (1+0.00015323)^(365)Call option price = $1.03Therefore, the price of the call option is $1.03 when the strike price is $23. The answer is in 100 words.
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The interest rate banks charge their customers is known as the
rate.
A. discount
B. securities
C. prime
D. mortgage
Answer:
Prime
Explanation:
Took the quiz
Which company is moving beyond Max Webers original predictions for bureaucracy?A. Lifestyle shoes has overhauled its structure to become less hierarchalB. At night light electrical supply small groups of employees form friendly and effective work groupsC. Health now uses a govt model to develop its hospital administration structureD. At mtn university, upper administration hold info that cannot be shared with lower level employees
Based on the given options, option B - "At Night Light Electrical Supply small groups of employees form friendly and effective work groups" - is the company that is moving beyond Max Weber's original predictions for bureaucracy.
What informs Weber's concept?Weber's original concept of bureaucracy emphasizes a strict hierarchical structure with clear lines of authority and a focus on rules and procedures. However, option B suggests that Night Light Electrical Supply is moving towards a more flexible and collaborative structure where small groups of employees are forming effective work groups.
This suggests a departure from the rigid hierarchical structure that is often associated with bureaucratic organizations.
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What does qualitative research and quantitative research means?
Answer:
Quantitative research is expressed in numbers and graphs. It is used to test or confirm theories and assumptions. This type of research can be used to establish generalizable facts about a topic.
Common quantitative methods include experiments, observations recorded as numbers, and surveys with closed-ended questions.
Qualitative research
Qualitative research is expressed in words. It is used to understand concepts, thoughts or experiences. This type of research enables you to gather in-depth insights on topics that are not well understood.
Common qualitative methods include interviews with open-ended questions, observations described in words, and literature reviews that explore concepts and theories.
Answer:
Qualitative research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data (e.g., text, video, or audio) to understand concepts, opinions, or experiences. It can be used to gather in-depth insights into a problem or generate new ideas for research.
Quantitative research is a research strategy that focuses on quantifying the collection and analysis of data.
Explain the statement below using at least 5 complete sentences. Punctuation, spelling, and grammar will be considered in the scoring of your response. "Just because you're good at something doesn't make it a strength!!"
Explanation:
The statement highlights the fact an activity we may consider ourselves good at may not necessarily strengthen us mentally.
Hence, it emphasizes the need for self-evaluation of the needs we are good at to see whether actually makes us happy.
For example, someone who is good at telling nice stories and yet discovers when they are involved in that activity they aren't happy.
This scenario rightly dipicts why one's strength is not determined by what they are good.
Therefore, we can say indeed, "Just because you're good at something doesn't make it a strength!!".
Match each item to the correct document.
listing of volunteer activities
transcripts
presentation done at your last
job
degrees earned
Portfolio
Resume
Answer:
transcripts degrees earned
listing of volunteer activities portfolio
presentation done at your last job resume
Explanation:
a transcript is earned after getting a degree
A standard Résumé includes a "summary" of relevant educational background and work history. A transcript is a documented record.A portfolio is an organized, visual collection of a person's progress, achievements
What is Resume ?A standard résumé includes a "summary" of relevant educational background and work history. The résumé is normally one of the first things a potential employer sees about a job seeker, along with a cover letter and occasionally an application for employment, and is commonly used to screen applicants, frequently followed by an interview.
What is Transcript ?A transcript is a documented record (inventory) of a student's academic progress that includes their complete enrollment history, all courses (or subjects) they have attempted, grades they have received, and any degrees or awards they have received.
The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 forbids the publication of information from an official transcript to a third party without that party's permission in the United States. A crime is classified as altering a transcript instates.
What is Portfolio ?A portfolio is an organized, visual collection of a person's progress, achievements, and efforts that demonstrates his/her accomplishments. The collection is a marketing tool aimed at potential employers that includes work samples and personal feedback on them.
Hence
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Bought a machine for Rs.100000 from ABC trading concern in account
Answer:
whats the question. Please let me know
Explanation:
To be eligible for federal grants to pay for college, a student must _____.
(PLATO CORRECT ANSWER ONLY)
A. attend either a public university or community college
B. complete one year of college in good standing
C. complete the FAFSA before the deadline
D. be able to pay more than half the tuition
Under the indirect method, when preparing the statement of cash flows, a decrease in the merchandise inventory account balance is
a. added to net income.
b. added to cost of goods sold.
c. subtracted from cost of goods sold.
d. subtracted from net income.
Under the indirect method, when preparing the statement of cash flows, a decrease in the merchandise inventory account balance is: added to net income. The correct option is a.
This is because a decrease in inventory indicates that the company has spent less on purchasing inventory, which results in a lower cost of goods sold and a higher net income. Therefore, the decrease in inventory has a positive impact on cash flow and is added back to the net income to calculate cash flow from operating activities.
This approach helps to accurately reflect the cash position of the company, taking into account the changes in non-cash working capital accounts such as inventory. The correct option is a.
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wwfe
13. 8 candies cost $1.20. What is the unit rate for these candies? A. $12/candy B. $8/candy C. $0.12/candy D. $0.15/candy 14. Walnuts have an average length of 3.9 cm. A model walnut is created with a
To find the unit rate for the candies, we divide the total cost ($1.20) by the number of candies (8). This gives us $0.15 per candy (Option D). Therefore, the unit rate for these candies is $0.15/candy.
The explanation for question 14 is incomplete. Without the rest of the information about the model walnut, it is difficult to provide an accurate answer. Please provide the missing part of the question, such as the length of the model walnut or the specific information needed, so that I can assist you further. The unit rate for the candies can be found by dividing the total cost ($1.20) by the number of candies (8). The unit rate is $0.15/candy (Option D). The explanation for question 14 seems to be missing. Please provide the complete question or the missing part so that I can assist you accurately.
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You are a project manager in a strong matrixed organization. Your project plan has been approved, and therefore you have management backing to execute. A stakeholder notifies you of critical functionality for the end product, which is missing in the design document.
Your next step is to:
Answer:
Ensure the change request is documented and presented to the Change Control Board.
Explanation:
As a project manager in a strong matrixed organization, it is important to ensure that all stakeholders are involved in the project planning and design process. However, in the event that a stakeholder notifies me of critical functionality that is missing in the design document, my next step would be to assess the impact of this missing functionality on the project timeline, budget, and overall success.
After assessing the impact as a project manager, I would then work with the project team and the stakeholder to identify potential solutions or workarounds that could address the missing functionality. This may involve revising the project plan, adjusting the budget, or potentially adding additional resources to the project team. It is important to communicate any changes or adjustments to the project plan to all stakeholders, including management, to ensure that everyone is aware of the impact on the project timeline and budget. Additionally, I would work with the design team to ensure that any revisions to the design document are captured and documented appropriately. Overall, as a project manager in a strong matrixed organization, it is important to remain flexible and adaptable in the face of changing stakeholder requirements and to work collaboratively with all project team members to ensure project success.
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Businesses are expected to demonstrate ethical behavior _____.
Businesses are expected to demonstrate ethical behavior B. even when government regulations do not apply.
Unethical conduct can be defined as movements that might be against social norms or acts which are taken into consideration as unacceptable to the general public. Ethical behavior is the exact opposite of unethical behavior. Moral conduct follows the general public of social norms and such movements are ideal for the general public.
Ethical behavior is simpler for a man or woman than it is for an organization. Businesses have many individuals with differing reviews, values, and ideals. So, the process is to make certain an enterprise is ethical. The solution is—anyone.
Enterprise ethics enhances the law with the aid of outlining suited behaviors beyond government management. Corporations set up business ethics to sell integrity among their personnel and gain consideration from key stakeholders, consisting of buyers and purchasers.
Disclaimer: The question is incomplete. Please read below to find the missing content.
Question: Businesses are expected to demonstrate ethical behavior _____.
A. only when required by government regulation
B. even when government regulations do not apply
C. only when required by a contract
D. except when it conflicts with corporate culture
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The supply curve is upward-sloping because higher prices ________.
The supply curve is upward-sloping because higher prices incentivize producers to produce more.
As the price of a good increases in the market, the producers can sell each unit that they produce at a higher price, and make it more profitable for them to increase their production.
A supply curve can be defined as a graph that shows how a change in the price of a good or service can affects the quantity that a seller supplies. Price is usually listed on the vertical y-axis of the graph, while quantity supplied is listed on the horizontal x-axis of the graph.
Factors like- taxes and government regulation, market power of the suppliers, availability of the substitute goods, and the economic cycles may all shift the supply or demand curves or alter their respective shapes.
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A real estate agent who writes up a contract for the purchase of a home is providing ________ utility.
Based on estate management definitions, a real estate agent who writes up a contract to purchase a home provides Possession utility.
This is because a Possession utility is a term used in estate management services to describe the proportion of suitability or perceived value from owning a product.
Therefore, in this case, a real estate agent providing possession utility for a home creates a financing term toward possession of the home.
This possession utility is expected to lead to a high chance of home sales.
Other types of economic utility include the following:
Place;Form;Time.Hence, in this case, it is concluded that the correct answer is "Possession utility."
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You own 100% of your company; then you riase $2 million on a pre-money valuation of $8 million. What percent of the company will you own after this fundraise?
After raising $2 million on a pre-money valuation of $8 million, you will own a certain percentage of the company. The question asks for the percentage of ownership you will have after the fundraise.
The percentage of ownership after the fundraise, we need to consider the post-money valuation of the company. The post-money valuation is the sum of the pre-money valuation and the amount raised. In this case, the post-money valuation would be $8 million + $2 million = $10 million.
To determine the percentage of ownership, divide the amount of equity you own by the total post-money valuation and multiply by 100:
Percentage of ownership = (Equity owned / Post-money valuation) x 100
Since you currently own 100% of the company, your equity owned is equal to the pre-money valuation of $8 million. Plugging in these values, we get:
Percentage of ownership = ($8 million / $10 million) x 100 = 80%
Therefore, after the fundraise, you would own 80% of the company.
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A restaurant customer complains to the waiter person that their meal has arrived at the table cold. After apologizing to the customer, the waiter person should:
a) remove the meal and reorder immediately
b) reheat the meal immediately
c) tell the customer that other staff are to blame
d) leave the meal on the table and reorder as soon as possible
Answer:a
Explanation:
16) In addition to owner-supplied capital, what are several other sources of financing for
a small business?
Answer:
Some financing options for a small business:
-you can get bank loan
-angel investor
-government grant (shown below as well)
-business incubator
-Small Business Administration (SBA) - For this financing option, manufacturing companies with 500 employees or fewer, and most non manufacturing businesses with average annual receipts under $7.5 million, will qualify as a small business.
-equity financing (funding given in exchange for partial ownership and future profits)
-debt financing (can be in the form of installment loans, revolving loans, and cash flow loans)
Explanation:
All of these examples of financing options are good to delve into, if you are interested in getting the funds needed to get your small business off the ground.
a difference between variable costing and full absorption costing is due to differences in the treatment of: g
The way fixed manufacturing overhead expenses are handled differs between the absorption and variable costing approaches. All production expenses are "absorbed" through absorption costing, which also includes fixed manufacturing overhead as product costs.
What distinguishes variable costing from full absorption costing?Through the use of absorption costing, fixed overhead costs are divided across all units produced during the period. When employing variable costing, all fixed overhead expenses are combined and reported as a single line item separate from the price of the goods that have been sold or are still on the market.
What does "variable costing" mean?In managerial and cost accounting, the notion of variable costing refers to the exclusion of fixed manufacturing overhead from the product-cost of production. The approach stands in contrast to absorption costing, which allocates the fixed production costs to the output of products.
By "Full absorption costing," what do you mean?In full absorption costing, overhead is allocated (absorbed) into the cost of inventories. Variable production overhead expenses shall be allocated to each unit of production based on the actual use of the production facilities, according to ASC 330-10-30-1 through ASC 330-10-30-8.
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