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1. In your journal, state the function performed by each numbered structure in the figure.

2. Now name a cell structure that performs each of these same functions.

3. Does "Cell City" represent a plant cell or an animal cell? Explain your answer.

The method utilised to produce penicillin for use in medicine is fermentation. It is a fed-batch procedure done aseptically in stainless steel tank reactors with a 30–100,000 gallon capacity.

What is fermentation in a chemostat?

The chemostat is a continuous stirred tank reactor in which a straightforward continuous process occurs as a steady-state process without the recycling of settled sludge and with an influent devoid of microorganisms. Bacterial growth is started through injection.

What distinguishes a turbidostat from a chemostat?

The volume and flow rate of a chemostat are fixed, and therefore is the dilution rate. To maintain a consistent turbidity, a turbidostat dynamically modifies the flow rate (and consequently the dilution rate). Both the turbidostat and the chemostat operate indistinguishably in steady state.

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Answer:

A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes than another solution. In biology, a solution outside of a cell is called hypotonic if it has a lower concentration of solutes relative to the cytosol. Due to osmotic pressure, water diffuses into the cell, and the cell often appears turgid, or bloated.

Answer:

alright so there's 3 kinds of solutions!

hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic

basically a cell is in a hypotonic

solution if the concentration of water

inside the cell is LOWER than the concentration

outside the cell. Water diffuses from high

to low. Water enters the cell.

and this is talking about ions!

The splitting of glucose  release chemical energy stored in chemical bonds.

In process of cellular respiration, the energy in food is converted into the energy that is used by the body's cells. In process of cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen are converted into carbon dioxide and water, and the energy is converted to ATP.

Cellular respiration, is the process that takes place in the mitochondria of organisms which break down sugar in the presence of oxygen and release energy in form of ATP. Carbon dioxide and water are released as  the waste products.

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If a freshwater fish is placed in sea water, it will most likely die.

This is due to the sea water's much higher salinity than what freshwater fish are used to. Osmotic stress is brought on by this, and it can result in electrolyte imbalance, dehydration, and finally death.

Seawater normally has a salinity of 3.5% to 3.8%, whereas freshwater has a salinity of 0%. Since there is more salt in seawater than freshwater, the freshwater fish's cells osmotically lose water, contracting and changing form.

This process can produce an electrolyte imbalance, which can impair important processes like the fish's capacity to take oxygen from the water, ultimately resulting in death.

Further problems and even death may result from the freshwater fish's inability to expel waste due to the presence of salt in the sea water.

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Nonadditive alleles are those that are not epistatic over nonallelic genes that influence the same phenotypic characteristic. The correct option is C.

Nonadditive alleles refer to genetic variants that do not interact with or override the effects of other nonallelic genes influencing the same phenotypic trait.

In other words, nonadditive alleles do not exhibit epistasis, which is the phenomenon where the expression of one gene masks or modifies the effects of another gene.

In genetics, additivity typically refers to the combined effects of multiple genes being linearly additive, meaning that each gene contributes independently to the phenotype.

Nonadditive alleles, on the other hand, may have synergistic or non-linear effects, interacting with other genes in complex ways.

Understanding the nature of gene interactions, whether additive or nonadditive, is important for comprehending the inheritance patterns and phenotypic variations observed in individuals.

Therefore, the correct option is C, Nonadditive.

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Diazotrophs are prokaryotes that are capable of nitrogen fixation, which means they can convert atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for other organisms.

Diazotrophs are a diverse group of prokaryotes, including both bacteria and archaea, that are capable of nitrogen fixation. They play a crucial role in the nitrogen cycle by converting atmospheric nitrogen into a form that can be used by other organisms.

This process is essential for the growth and survival of many plants and animals, as nitrogen is a key component of amino acids and nucleotides, which are the building blocks of proteins and DNA. Diazotrophs are found in a variety of environments, including soil, water, and the guts of some animals. Some examples of diazotrophic bacteria include Azotobacter, Rhizobium, and Cyanobacteria.

Therefore, Diazotrophs are prokaryotes that are capable of nitrogen fixation.

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The advantage of selective breeding is​ the ability to produce offspring with more desirable traits. Therefore, option A is correct.

Choosing parents with specific traits to breed with one another in order to generate kids with more desired traits is known as selective breeding. For thousands of years, humans have carefully bred a variety of animals and plants, including crop species that produce more.

Through artificial selection, several fruits and vegetables have been enhanced or even created. For instance, selective breeding was used to create broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage from the wild mustard plant.

offspring can be produced with more desirable characteristics by selective breeding. Therefore, option A is correct.

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Answer:

Interesting assignment. I really hope this helps! -

Explanation:

You are going to use the chart where he graphed the data on his hamster's diet to dissect and identify, the parts of this scientific method.

TIP - try to think of this in a first-person perspective meaning try to think of this as you doing the experiment.

Hope this helped understand this assignment. :)

Answer: teratogens

Explanation: A teratogen is a substance that interferes with the normal development of a fetus.

Teratogens are substances or elements that, when exposed to a developing fetus during pregnancy, can cause birth abnormalities.

Examples include alcohol, drugs (both legal and illegal), parasites such as the rubella virus, toxins found in the environment, radiation, and specific maternal diseases. In addition to many antiepileptic drugs and thalidomide, heavy alcohol consumption can cause fetal alcohol syndrome.

Fetal development can be harmed by diseases including rubella, CMV and Zika virus. Risks also arise from environmental pollutants such as lead and mercury. High doses of radiation exposure and uncontrolled maternal conditions such as diabetes or phenylketonuria may increase the likelihood of birth abnormalities.

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The sartorius muscle causes one to cross the leg by adducting the thigh and flexing the lower leg.

what is sartorius muscle ?

The anterior superior iliac spine, which is also a component of the notch between the anterior superior iliac spine and anterior inferior iliac spine, is the source of the sartorius muscle. It travels inferomedially through the top and anterior portion of the thigh. It exits behind the medial femoral condyle and ends in a tendon. This tendon curls anteriorly before inserting into the superomedial surface of the tibia in the pes anserinus, where it connects with the tendons of the gracilis and semitendinosus muscles.

The adductor longus crosses it at the place where it forms the lateral boundary of the femoral triangle, which is where the triangle's peak is located.

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Answer:

Tropical rain forests grow around the equator in South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia,  The temperature is stable year-round, around 27°C (60° Fahrenheit). As you can tell from the name, it rains a lot in these forests. Most tropical forests receive at least 200 cm (80 inches) of rain in a year. Tropical forests generally have a rainy and dry season. Temperate forests occur in the next latitude ring, in North America, northeastern Asia, and Europe, temperature ranges from -30 to 30°C (-22 to 86 F) and the forests receive 75-150 cm (30-60 in) of precipitation per year,

Explanation:

The conclusion of the hypothesis test regarding the mean body temperature of a healthy adult is sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that the mean body temperature of a healthy adult is not 98.6∘F.

a) Null Hypothesis (H0): The mean body temperature of a healthy adult is 98.6∘F.

  Alternative Hypothesis (H1): The mean body temperature of a healthy adult is not 98.6∘F.

b) The hypothesis test should be two-tailed.

c) The appropriate significance level is 0.05.

d) The test statistic is calculated using the formula: (sample mean - hypothesized mean) / (sample standard deviation / sqrt(sample size)). The result is -5.86.

e) The p-value is calculated by finding the probability of obtaining a test statistic as extreme or more extreme than the observed value under the null hypothesis. The p-value is 0.0000.

f) We reject the null hypothesis, since the p-value is less than the significance level.

g) The phrase "There is sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that the mean body temperature of a healthy adult is not 98.6F" best summarises the finding.

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The most widespread single cause of death for smokers is Coronary Heart Disease (CHD).This is the main answer to the question.Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is a condition in which plaque accumulates in the heart's arteries. Plaque is a combination of fatty substances, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood.

Over time, plaque hardens and narrows your arteries, limiting blood flow to your heart. Atherosclerosis is the medical term for this condition.Smoking is the act of inhaling and exhaling smoke from a tobacco or cannabis plant. Cigarettes, cigars, and pipes are the most commonly smoked tobacco items, while joints, blunts, and bongs are the most commonly smoked cannabis items.

Smoking can cause a variety of health problems, including lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), stroke, and coronary heart disease (CHD). Smokers are more likely to develop cancer than non-smokers.

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Answer:

substrates

Explanation:

Enzymes catalyze the reactions of substrate molecules. If a molecule merely binds (and does not react), this molecule is called a "Ligand".

Of example, Glucose is a substrate for the hexokinase in the first step of glycolysis.

Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) is a neurotransmitter and ligand for GABA receptor proteins (ionotropic and G-protein coupled receptors or metabotropic receptors). GABA is not chemically modified - only binds.

The molecule that an enzyme binds to is known as its substrate.

Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in the body. They do this by bringing together the reactants of a chemical reaction (the substrates) in such a way that the reaction can occur more efficiently.

Each enzyme is specific to a particular type of substrate, and it will bind to that substrate in a specific way. The enzyme will form a temporary complex with the substrate, and the chemical reaction will take place within this complex. Once the reaction is complete, the enzyme is released from the complex and is able to bind to more substrate molecules and catalyze more reactions.

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Answer:

A

Explanation:

By replacing a faulty gene with a normal gene in the human genome. Therefore, option (D) is correct.

Gene therapy works by inserting a functioning gene into a patient's cells. A viral vector or other delivery method transports the normal gene into target cells.

In cells, the normal gene integrates into the genome and produces the functional protein that was missing or faulty in genetic disorder patients. Gene therapy replaces the damaged gene with a normal gene to repair the genetic origin of the condition and restore normal cell or tissue function.

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Answer:

During a process called photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide, sunlight ,and water.

Plants make sugar and give off oxygen as a by-product of this process.

Please mark me brainliest if this answer could help, have a great day.

There are various ways to spread prevention of bacteria from us to food. Before preparing or consuming food, wash your hands. After each usage, clean surfaces, cutting boards, plates, and cooking utensils should be washed in hot, soapy water to stop the spread of bacteria. Produce can be rinsed with just running tap water and no soap.

Eating something that has been infected with bacteria will result in food poisoning.

Food can cause this if: It is handled by someone who is unwell or has not washed their hands, is not completely prepared or reheated, is not stored correctly (e.g., has not been frozen or cooled), is left out for too long, or is consumed beyond the "use by" date.

Food poisoning can occur from any kind of food.

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Answer:

A chromosomal rearrangement means that pieces of chromosomes are missing, duplicated (there are extra copies), or moved around.

Chromosomal rearrangement means 'a structural variation that alters the structure of chromosomes without changing the number of chromosomes'

It is a genetic abnormality that affects chromosome structure without altering the number of chromosomes in the organism. DNA segments are deleted, duplicated, inverted, or translocated from one location to another within the same or different chromosomes, resulting in a variety of genetic disorders.

For example, translocation can occur if a fragment of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome, causing the genes in the chromosome fragment to be rearranged. Chromosomal rearrangements are associated with a variety of genetic diseases, ranging from cancer to developmental disabilities, depending on the type and severity of the rearrangement.

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In feeding situations where extra energy is required, soybeans will be worth more allowing an animal to consume more calories without eating more feed.

“As a protein origin, soybeans provide an excellent source of crucial amino acids, which is key to good dairy rations livestock,” Tucker said. “It is an easy way out to supply energy and protein to cows, nevertheless of the soybean's stage of life or production.”

Due to its magnificent amino acid profile and elevated level of digestibility, soybean meal is a main protein source for livestock. Along with the highest lysine digestibility (91%), soybean meal is intensive.

So we can conclude that soybeans carry both a high-quality proteins.

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The remaining ratio of alleles is about 3:1

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Answer:

Hydrogen Bonding

Explanation:

Hydrogen bonding between water molecules makes the molecules want to 'stick' together.

Mucous membranes are a part of the innate defense. Innate defense is the body's first line of defense against pathogens and includes physical, chemical, and biological barriers that prevent the entry and spread of pathogens.

Mucous membranes line various organs and body cavities that are exposed to the external environment, such as the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive tracts. They secrete mucus, a sticky substance that traps pathogens and prevents them from entering the body. Additionally, mucous membranes contain immune cells that can identify and destroy pathogens, helping to prevent infections. These immune cells are part of the innate immune system and do not require prior exposure to a pathogen.

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Full Question: mucous membranes are a part ofmucous membranes are a part ofcell-

Answer:

4

Explanation:

Producers are at the bottom of the energy pyramid because they prove the most energy, they make up most of the population, which is biomass. And the producers have the largest population, which is why they are at the bottom of the pyramid of numbers. Finally they are at the bottom of food chains and webs because they store the most energy inside of them.

1.you produce d)more CO2 since the rate of this reaction increases(C6H12O6+O2--->CO2+H2O)

2.The reactants in cellular respiration are c)sugar and oxygen

1. This study investigated the effects of selected caries preventive regimens on microbial changes following irradiation-induced xerostomia in cancer patients.
2. The key elements of this method include selecting cancer patients with xerostomia as the study subjects, applying various caries preventive regimens to these patients, and analyzing the microbial changes in their mouths.
3. The most significant microbial changes in the xerostomatic patient include a decrease in saliva flow, changes in the oral microbiota, and an increase in the number of acid-producing bacteria. The clinical relevance of these changes is that they can lead to an increased risk of dental caries and other oral health problems.
4. Besides oral hygiene, other things that can be done to slow the progression and development of caries in the xerostomatic patient include using fluoride treatments, using saliva substitutes, increasing water intake, and avoiding sugary and acidic foods and drinks. These measures can help to maintain a healthy oral environment and prevent further damage to the teeth.

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Scientists examining the fossil evidence during the Precambrian time is used to identify what happened before the start of the Paleozoic era.

This is defined as the period of time which extends from about 4.6 billion years ago.

Due to the wide difference in time present, its fossil is used  to identify what happened before the start of the Paleozoic era which is why option C was chosen.

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Scientists examine fossil evidence during the Precambrian time,  is used to know observation before the start of the Paleozoic era, hence option C is correct.

Prior to 541 million years ago, the Precambrian was known as the "Age of Early Life." The oceans of the planet were home to soft-bodied animals like worms and jellyfish.

The land remained uncultivated. Microorganisms, primitive creatures, and stromatolites, mats of algae, are typical Precambrian fossils.

They may be able to determine what occurred before the Paleozoic era by doing research on events during the Precambrian period.

Therefore, scientists examine fossil evidence during the Precambrian time, hence option C is correct.

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The life cycle of flies is very short and they can reach to adulthood in a time span of 4-5 weeks only.

Life cycle is defined as the series of changes, growth and development that occur in a living organism in order to reach the stage of adulthood from its zygotic form. The changes externally are visible as morphological changes but the internal structures and functions undergo changes as well.

Adulthood is the stage of an organism's life cycle where full development and maturity is achieved by the organism. Mostly the stage of adulthood is recognized by the ability to reproduce and produce offspring.

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