Metaphase is stage of mitotic division in which two non-homologous chromosomes of the same length, and same position of the centromere.
A kind of cell division known as mitosis occurs when a single cell (the mother) divides into two genetically identical daughter cells. Mitosis, when referring to the cell cycle, is the stage of cell division during which the DNA in the cell's nucleus is divided into two identical sets of chromosomes.
The chromosomes are all lined up at the centre of the cell by the spindle during metaphase, ready to divide. At the metaphase plate, all the chromosomes line up (not a physical structure, just a term for the plane where the chromosomes line up).
The two kinetochores of each chromosome should be joined to microtubules coming from opposing spindle poles at this point.
Hence, In metaphase chromosomes structure can be easily studied.
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Anyone good in Biology?
Answer:
6 Cell Organelles
Nucleus. nucleus; animal cellA micrograph of animal cells, showing the nucleus (stained dark red) of each cell. ...
Ribosomes. Ribosomes are the protein factories of the cell. ...
Endoplasmic reticulum. ...
Golgi apparatus. ...
Chloroplasts. ...
Mitochondria.Explanation:Animal cells each have a centrosome and lysosomes, whereas plant cells do not. Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts and other specialized plastids, and a large central vacuole, whereas animal cells do not
why do we need to follow the correct procedure in collecting sample
please don't search in Go-ogle
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How is the DNA in a prokaryote different from the DNA in a eukaryote?
A. DNA in prokaryotes floats throughout the cell
B.they have different numbers of chromosomes
C.only prokaryotes are haploid
D.Eukaryotes do not have chromosomes
Answer:
Explanation:
eukaryotes are compleax and have true nucleus e.g animal and plant
prokaryotes have fake nuclus its small and simpler.
therefors its B
Answer: A. DNA in prokaryotes floats throughout the cell
Explanation: took the quiz.
Help! What do you think is the best choice???
Answer:
C
Explanation:
______ is also common at both divergent and convergent plate
boundaries
Looking at it we need the words that you can have but if it the place it commonly occurs at, I think it would be mid-oceanic ranges.
Reading:
Jack and Diane had worked hard to make it through college at the University of Houston. Both had taken out student loans and worked full-time to make it through. The hard work paid off when Jack got his first electrical engineering job at a large computer company in Houston making $35,000 a year. Diane graduated with a degree in child development and started a little daycare center in their new suburban home outside Houston.
Things were going so well that they decided to make an addition to the family, and luckily enough, nine months later, a bouncing baby boy arrived. Danny seemed to be a perfectly healthy baby boy. When Danny started to walk, he fell a lot, as most children do. On one occasion Danny hit his head on the coffee table and cut himself above his right eye. As concerned parents, Jack and Diane took Danny to their local pediatrician to see if he needed stitches.
As they were driving to the doctor, Diane commented that the bleeding would not stop. When the pediatrician began sewing up the eye, he knew that there was more to the cut than just a simple laceration. The doctor asked the concerned parents if Danny was a hemophiliac. To this point, they had never had any reason to suspect that their little boy had any problems with blood clotting. The doctor took some blood and sent it to the lab to be analyzed. Their fears were confirmed--Danny was a hemophiliac.
Hemophilia refers to a group of bleeding disorders in which it takes a long time for the blood to clot. In severe cases, serious bleeding may occur without any cause and internal bleeding may occur anywhere.
Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive characteristic that usually occurs in males. If a mother is a carrier of the recessive gene there is a 25% chance she will have a child who is a hemophiliac. If females are born with hemophilia they are certain to have problems during puberty. To treat this problem, victims are given transfusions of Factor VIII, which is one of the platelet chemicals that healthy people produce to clot blood. The cost of Factor VIII transfusions can run up to $80,000 a year per patient. Luckily for Jack and Diane, they had insurance through his company. The insurance paid 90% of the bills so that left $8,000 to be paid by Jack and Diane. This put a small stress on their marriage. However, they decided to have another child, even though they knew there was a 25% chance their next child could be a hemophiliac also.
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Questions:
Genetic counselors are health professionals with specialized graduate degrees and experience in the areas of medical genetics and counseling. As part of their job, they work as members of a healthcare team to provide information and support to families who may be at risk for a variety of genetic conditions.
Pretend you are a genetic counselor and you are meeting with Jack and Diane. What advice would you offer them about having another child? What support would you offer them knowing they already have one child with hemophilia? Use the space below to write a short paragraph.
-----------------------
Which of the following accurately describes the problem presented in the reading?
A) Jack and Diane are a married couple who are deciding where to obtain advanced educational degrees.
B)Jack and Diane, a hard-working married couple, have a son who hit his head and it won’t stop bleeding.
C)Jack and Diane, a hard-working married couple, have a son who hit his head and now must receive medical treatment at a local hospital
As a genetic counselor I would offer them the following advice about having another child:
I would offer Jack and Diane support and understanding in this difficult decision. I would discuss the risks involved with having a second child with hemophilia, as well as other potential genetic conditions they may face. I would also work with them to explore the various testing options available to them, if they choose to pursue it. Additionally, I would provide them with resources and guidance on how to provide the best medical care and support for their affected child. I would ensure they are aware of the various support systems available to them, both locally and nationally.
What do you mean by the term Hemophilia?
Hemophilia is a rare, inherited genetic disorder in which the blood does not clot properly due to a deficiency in clotting factors, which are proteins found in the blood. This can lead to uncontrolled bleeding, most commonly in the joints, muscles and internal organs.
Furthermore,
Jack and Diane, a hard-working married couple, have a son who hit his head and it won’t stop bleeding.
The above statement describes the problem presented in the reading.
Therefore, the correct option from the given statements is Option B.
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Which are the hormones produced by Adrenal Gland?
Answer:
The adrenal cortex produces several hormones. The most important are aldosterone (a mineralocorticoid), cortisol (a glucocorticoid), and androgens and estrogen (sex hormones). Aldosterone helps the kidneys control the amount of salt in the blood and tissues of the body.
Explanation:
What functions are carried out by the interaction of the circulatory and respiratory systems?
Answer:
Explanation:
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Flowering Locus C (FLC) is a gene that is responsible for flowering in certain plants. FLC is expressed in new seedlings, which prevents flowering. Upon exposure to cold temperatures, FLC expression decreases and the plant flowers. FLC is regulated through epigenetic modifications. What type of epigenetic modifications are present in new seedlings and after cold exposure
Answer:
- New seedlings: histone acetylation
- After cold exposure: histone methylation
Explanation:
Vernalization is an adaptive mechanism whose objective is to ensure that flowering occurs only after winter (i.e., after cold conditions). In certain plants, this process (vernalization) suppresses the expression of genes that encode repressors of flowering. In Arabidopsis, vernalization is associated with histone modifications at FLC chromatin. The FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) is a MADS-box gene that acts as a repressor of flowering in Arabidopsis. Epigenetic modifications control the expression of the FLC gene. The FLC gene is expressed at low temperatures due to histone acetylation at FLC chromatin, and thereby the expression of FLC mRNA transcripts ensures that the Arabidopsis plant cannot flower. Subsequently, as the Arabidopsis plant is exposed to cold, FLC is repressed by the accumulation of trimethylation on lysine 27 of histone 3 (H3K27me3), thereby allowing it to flower when temperatures become warmer.
Why do most plants appear green?
Answer:
Most plants appear green because they absorb all other colors of light and reflect back green into our eyes. Since chlorophyll molecules use the red (opposite of green) end of the visible light spectrum to complete photosynthesis, then red is most heavily absorbed.
Chlorophyll gives plants their green color because it does not absorb the green wavelength of white light which is the light wavelength reflected from the plant, so it appears green.
What is Chlorophyll?The green color of many plants and algae is due to chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is defined as concentrated within organisms in structures called chloroplasts.
It is the green pigment in plants, algae and cyanobacteria that is essential for photosynthesis. The central structure is an aromatic porphyrin or chlorinated porphyrin ring system with a chelated magnesium atom.
Chlorophyll is formed in several different forms where chlorophyll a and b are the major types found in higher plants and green algae; Chlorophylls c and d are found mainly with a in various algae while the Chlorophyll e is a rare type found in some golden algae and bacterio-chlorophyll is present in some bacteria.
Thus, Chlorophyll gives plants their green color because it does not absorb the green wavelength of white light which is the light wavelength reflected from the plant, so it appears green.
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2. Explain where a person’s DNA comes from.
Answer:
Each cell in your body has DNA, but the DNA formation was influenced by your parents. Their genes formed your genes.
Ben measures the height of two bottles. One is 12 centimeters and the other is 15 centimeters. In millimeters what is the difference of the two heights
The difference in height between the two bottles is 30 millimeters.
To calculate the difference in height between the two bottles in millimeters, we need to convert the heights from centimeters to millimeters and then subtract one from the other.
First, we convert the height of the first bottle from centimeters to millimeters. Since there are 10 millimeters in a centimeter, we can multiply the height of 12 centimeters by 10 to get the height in millimeters:
12 centimeters * 10 millimeters/centimeter = 120 millimeters.
Next, we convert the height of the second bottle from centimeters to millimeters using the same conversion factor. We multiply the height of 15 centimeters by 10:
15 centimeters * 10 millimeters/centimeter = 150 millimeters.
Now that we have both heights in millimeters, we can calculate the difference. We subtract the height of the first bottle from the height of the second bottle:
150 millimeters - 120 millimeters = 30 millimeters.
Therefore, the difference in height between the two bottles is 30 millimeters.
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How does the number of speakers affect the amount of noise in a room
Noise in the room is the dependent variable. Thus, option B is correct.
What is dependent variable?Dependent and independent variables are variables in mathematics, statistics and experimental sciences.
Dependent variables are the variables which are dependent on other variable whereas, independent variables are the variables which are in depend on any values or any other variables.
In above case, noise in the room is affected by number of speakers in the room, that is noise in the room is dependent variable. Therefore, option B is correct.
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The question is incomplete, but most probably the complete question is,
How does the number of speakers affect the amount of noise in a room? Which of the following is the dependent variable?
answer choices
A. Number of speakers
B. Noise in a room
C. Number of rooms
D. Noise of speaker
What are the differences between hypotonic and hypertonic?
The difference between hypotonic and hypertonic solutions is that the solutes in hypotonic solutions are less than the solvent, whereas in hypertonic solutions, the solutes are greater than the solvent.
What is the significance of the hypertonicity in the cell?When a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, water moves into the cell, causing it to grow in size; however, water does not move into the cell in a hypertonic solution such as when a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink, such as a cell placed in a salt solution.
Hence, the difference between hypotonic and hypertonic solutions is that the solutes in hypotonic solutions are less than the solvent, whereas in hypertonic solutions, the solutes are greater than the solvent.
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Why must a newly formed mRNA transcript be modified and edited before it is sent to the
ribosomes?
Answer:
It alters the amino acid.
Explanation:
RNA editing in mRNAs effectively alters the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein so that it differs from that predicted by the genomic DNA sequence.
Hope this helped. Here is an example diagram below!
The reason of why the new formed mRNA should be changed and edited prior to sending to the ribosomes because it alters the amino acid.
What are ribosomes?A ribosome should be the cellular particle that comprise of RNA and protein. It reads the messenger RNA or mRNA sequence also the genetic code should be used, addition to this, it translated the RNA sequence to the amino acid sequence.
Hence, The reason of why the new formed mRNA should be changed and edited prior to sending to the ribosomes because it alters the amino acid.
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HELLO
meaning of science and thought.
Answer:
is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.
Explanation:
HELP DUE IN 10 MINS!
All of the following are required for photosynthesis except:
a. Light
b. Chloroplasts
c. Oxygen
Answer:
chloroplast
Explanation:
light and oxygen are a crucial thing for plants
Answer:
c
Explanation:
:) have a nice day
I need help with this practice In your own words, give a general description of the species: Blue Jay Please,(If you use any words that are not your own, please reword it to your own words) as I would like you to explain it
The Cyanocytta crystal commonly known as a Blue jay is native of eastern North America, it lives in deciduous and coniferous forests, though can be found in certain urban areas. It feeds mostly on seeds, sometimes even stockpile generating seed banks, or on rare occasions can feed on small invertebrates and vertebrates si can be considered as mainly a primary consumer.
Describe how water travels through a watershed.
Answer:
The entire area of land that drains water into a river is known as a river basin. The vast majority of this water flows into seas and oceans, although some evaporates, another is absorbed by living beings and another is trapped underground
According to the Foliated Metamorphic Rock Chart slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss can all have the same parent rock (shale). If this is true, what determines the difference between a slate and a gneiss rock that both are formed from shale? What role does the parent rock play in determining the type of metamorphic rock that will be formed? In a rock that has undergone contact metamorphism, would you expect to find foliation? Why or why not? State your answers in 3-5 sentences.
please answer simply! Thank you so much! I will name brainiest!
The difference between a slate and a gneiss rock that are both formed from shale is due to the degree and type of metamorphism they undergo. Slate has undergone low-grade metamorphism, while gneiss has undergone high-grade metamorphism.
The parent rock plays a role in determining the type of metamorphic rock that will be formed as the mineral composition and texture of the parent rock will affect the metamorphic process.
What is the rock about?In a rock that has undergone contact metamorphism, foliation may or may not be present.
Foliated metamorphic rocks, such as slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss, are formed when the rock is subjected to directed pressure, which aligns the minerals in a parallel or foliated pattern.
However, contact metamorphism is caused by heat and typically does not involve directed pressure, so foliation may not be present in rocks that have undergone contact metamorphism.
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Que es lo que oficialmente hace que una persona muera ?
Answer:
pues morirse XD hahaha stay safe brother have a great noshe
what is meant by the phrase the citrate cycle is the metabolic engine of the cell with regard to fuel work and exhaust
The phrase "the citrate cycle is the metabolic engine of the cell with regard to fuel work and exhaust" refers to the fact that the citrate cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle.
It is a crucial metabolic pathway that generates energy for the cell by breaking down fuel molecules such as glucose. This cycle takes place in the mitochondria of the cell and produces ATP, the main energy currency of the cell. The citrate cycle also produces exhaust molecules, such as carbon dioxide, which are eliminated from the cell. Overall, the citrate cycle plays a central role in cellular metabolism, serving as the primary means by which cells generate energy and eliminate waste products.
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Our experiment was to keep one seedling set in a light place and the other set in a closed cardboard box. So my question is to explain why it is important to keep one set of seedlings in the light. I hope to get a perfect answer
Answer:
To examine the importance of light to a plant's growth.
Explanation:
To give a background to this question, I will define a key term "Photosynthesis". Photosynthesis is a compound word made up of photo (which means "light") and synthesis (which means "to put together").
It is the process by green plants use sunlight to obtain nutrients from carbon dioxide and water.
The experiment us meant to examine the effect of deprivation of sunlight on a plant's growth.
Therefore, the essence of keeping one set of seedlings in the light is to compare if there is any difference in growth between the seeding kept in the dark cupboard and that kept in the light.
This enables us to conclude whether or not light is important for the growth of a plant.
h. t. n. phan, n. h. kim, w. wei, g. g. tall, a. v. smrcka, uveal melanoma-associated mutations in plcβ4 are constitutively activating and promote melanocyte proliferation and tumorigenesis. sci. signal. 14, eabj4243 (2021).
The article titled "Uveal Melanoma-Associated Mutations in PLCβ4 Promote Melanocyte Proliferation and Tumorigenesis" was published in Science Signaling in 2021.
The article, authored by H. T. N. Phan, N. H. Kim, W. Wei, G. G. Tall, and A. V. Smrcka, was published in the journal Science Signaling in 2021. The article focuses on uveal melanoma, a type of melanoma that affects the eye. The study investigates the role of mutations in the PLCβ4 gene, specifically in relation to melanocyte proliferation and tumorigenesis in uveal melanoma. The findings suggest that these mutations in PLCβ4 are constitutively activating, leading to increased melanocyte proliferation and contributing to the development of uveal melanoma. The article provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of this specific type of melanoma.
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Record the color and clarity of one of your mineral samples in Table 5 on the Exercise 2 Data Sheet. Remember, some minerals may have more than one color. 2. Determine the luster of your mineral, and record your observation in Table 5 on the Data Sheet. If you determine that the mineral has a nonmetallic luster, note whether it is earthyldull, pearly, silky, waxy, greasy, or vitreous. 3. Determine the streak color of your mineral by scraping it on the streak plate. Use only a small section of the streak plate, because you will be using it for each mineral. Record the streak color in Table 5 on the Data Sheet. Note: The streak test works only for minerals softer than the streak plate. If the mineral is harder than the streak plate, it will not leave behind any color. The streak plate has a hardness of about 6.5. 4. Test the hardness of your mineral by using the Mohs Hardness Scale (Table 2). Begin by trying to scratch the glass plate with the mineral. If the mineral scratches the glass, then the mineral is harder than 6.0. If it does not scratch the glass, keep going down the list of items on the Mohs Scale until you are able to scratch one of the items (or one of the items can scratch the mineral). Record your findings in Table 5 on the Data Sheet. Remember. If a mineral scratches an object, it is harder than the object. If the object scratches the mineral, it is harder than the mineral. 5. Determine the cleavage of your mineral. If the mineral has no planes of cleavage, then it fractures. You may need to use a hand lens to determine cleavageifracture. Refer back to Figure 7 in the lab section as a guide to help you identify cleavage planes. Record your observations in Table 5 on the Data Sheet. CeScience Labs, 2016 6. Record any other distinctive characteristics you encounter. For example: If you suspect a mineral is calcite, place a couple drops of acetic acid (with a pipette) onto the mineral surface and watch for effervescence. Evidence of effervescence would go in the column titled "Other Distinctive Properties" in Table 5. Note: If you choose to use the acetic acid, be sure to wear the gloves supplied in your safety kit. Acetic acid is not strong enough to cause damage to your home or the environment, but it can irritate skin. The acetic acid can be rinsed off the mineral in the sink. 7. Repeat Steps 1-6 for the rest of the mineral samples. 8. After you have tested all of the minerals and recorded your observations, compare your findings to the minerals and properties listed in Table 4 to identify the unknown minerals. List the names of each mineral in the last column of Table 5. 9. Use your findings to answer the Post-Lab questions. Table 5. Mineral Identification
The color, clarity, luster, streak color, hardness, cleavage, distinctive characteristics, and mineral identification should be recorded in Table 5 on the Data Sheet.
When conducting a mineral analysis, it is important to record various properties to accurately identify the minerals. In Step 1, we record the color and clarity of the mineral sample. It's worth noting that some minerals may exhibit more than one color. The color refers to the outward appearance of the mineral, while the clarity pertains to the presence or absence of impurities or inclusions within the mineral.
we determine the luster of the mineral. Luster refers to the way light reflects off the surface of the mineral. It helps categorize minerals as metallic or nonmetallic. If the mineral has a nonmetallic luster, we further specify whether it appears earthy, dull, pearly, silky, waxy, greasy, or vitreous.
involves determining the streak color of the mineral. This is done by scraping the mineral against a streak plate. The color of the streak left behind can be different from the mineral's outward color. However, it's important to note that this test is effective only for minerals softer than the streak plate, which has a hardness of approximately 6.5.
we test the hardness of the mineral using the Mohs Hardness Scale. We try to scratch the mineral against a glass plate. If the mineral scratches the glass, it indicates a hardness greater than 6.0. If it doesn't scratch the glass, we continue down the scale until we find an item that can scratch the mineral or vice versa. The hardness test helps determine the relative hardness of the mineral compared to known substances.
involves examining the cleavage of the mineral. Cleavage refers to the tendency of a mineral to break along flat, parallel planes. If the mineral lacks cleavage planes, it fractures instead. A hand lens may be required to identify cleavage or fracture characteristics accurately.
we record any other distinctive characteristics encountered during the analysis. This could include performing additional tests or observing specific properties unique to certain minerals.
Finally, in Step 8, we compare our findings from Steps 1-7 with the minerals and properties listed in Table 4 to identify the unknown minerals. The names of each identified mineral are then listed in the last column of Table 5.
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why might the cricket genome have eleven times as many base pairs as that of drosophila melanogaster?
There must be more non-coding DNA in crickets. They include the genetic code for an enzyme that builds DNA from an RNA template.
Why does the genome duplicate?
Gene duplications can develop as a result of various mistakes in the DNA replication and repair machinery as well as accidental capture by self-centered genetic components. Ectopic recombination, retrotransposition events, aneuploidy, polyploidy, and replication slippage are typical causes of gene duplications.
Specifically, Drosophila melanogaster's genome
We used a whole-genome shotgun sequencing approach supported by comprehensive clone-based sequence and a high-quality bacterial artificial chromosome physical map to determine the nucleotide sequence of virtually the whole 120 megabase euchromatic part of the Drosophila genome.
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Which of the following is TRUE of the process of meiosis?
A. It results in the number of chromosomes being reduced by half.
B. The process adds an extra twenty-first chromosome.
C. Meiosis results in two cells, each with 46 chromosomes.
Answer:
A. It results in the number of chromosomes being reduced by half.
Explanation:
In the process of meiosis, one cell is divided 2 times to form 4 daughter cells. These 4 daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes that of the parent cell.
What often occurs at tectonic plate boundaries? 1:increasing air pressure b:thinning of the biosphere c:mountain building D:increased erosion
Answer:
increased erosion
Explanation:
The impact of the colliding plates can cause the edges of one or both plates to buckle up into a mountain ranges or one of the plates may bend down into a deep seafloor trench.
Following a normal inspiration, the volume of additional air that enters the lungs during forced maximal inspirations called the Select one: O a. expiratory reserve volume O b. vital capacity c. tidal volume O d. inspiratory reserve volume
Following a normal inspiration, the volume of additional air that enters the lungs during forced maximal inspirations called the inspiratory reserve volume.
What is a normal inspiration?
A normal inspiration is the process of breathing that occurs in the lungs when a person inhales air through their nose or mouth, and the air travels down the windpipe and into the lungs. The amount of air that a person inhales during a normal inspiration is called the tidal volume.
Forced maximal inspiration refers to the process of taking a deep breath in, which causes the lungs to expand and allows more air to enter the lungs. During this process, the inspiratory reserve volume is the amount of air that enters the lungs, in addition to the tidal volume, during a maximal or deep breath.
So, the answer is: Inspiratory reserve volume.
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The synthesis of organic molecules from water, sunlight, and carbon
dioxide is known as ___
O photosynthesis
O respiration
O development
O homeostasis