Identify if the following alcohols are primary, secondary, or tertiary

Answer:

Explanation: 2 C19H34O2(l) + 53 O2(g) ==> 38 CO2(g) + 34 H2O(l) ... balanced equation

∆Hcombustion

∆H = ∑∆Hf products - ∑∆Hf reactants

∆H = [(38 x -393.5) + (34 x -285.8)] - (2 x -645.7) = (-14,953 + -9717) - (-1291)

∆H = -24,670 + 1291

∆H = 25,961 kJ

(be sure to check the math)

There are 6 sigma bonds in 1-chloro-1,3-pentadiene.

In 1-chloro-1,3-pentadiene, let's break down the structure to count the number of sigma bonds

The compound 1-chloro-1,3-pentadiene has the following structure:

Cl

H2C=C=CH-CH2-CH3

To count the sigma bonds, we examine each carbon atom and its attached atoms or groups.

Starting from the left side:

The first carbon (C1) is bonded to one hydrogen (H) atom and two other carbon atoms (C2 and C3) by sigma bonds.

The second carbon (C2) forms a double bond with the third carbon (C3), so they share one sigma bond and one pi bond.

The third carbon (C3) is also bonded to the second carbon (C2) and the fourth carbon (C4) by sigma bonds.

The fourth carbon (C4) is bonded to the third carbon (C3) and the fifth carbon (C5) by sigma bonds.

The fifth carbon (C5) is bonded to one hydrogen (H) atom and one methyl (CH3) group by sigma bonds.

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Answer:

+3

Explanation:

The phosphate ion has a charge of -3, so for the compound to have an overall change of 0, Fe needs to have a charge of +3.

Answer:

Black powder has 3 main ingredients: Sulfur (\(S\)), charcoal (\(C_{7}H_{4}O\)), and potassium nitrate (\(KNO_{3}\)).

Charcoal is basically just burnt wood and potassium nitrate can easily be displaced.

Keep in mind that this is BLACK POWDER and not actual gunpowder. The difference between the both is significant since gunpowder has a lot more refining processes it has to go through to be actually used in firearms and such.

The percentage composition of black powder should be 75% Potassium Nitrate, 10% Sulfur, and 15% charcoal.

Should be noted that black powder is not a safe compound to deal with, as static friction could ignite it.

There are other alternatives to Black powder such as nitroglycerin (used in dynamites) which is way more powerful and useful in doing mines and exploration but is an extremely tricky and reactive substance to work with.

I do hope this is just for educational purposes because you need to be certified to even just experiment with this (and there are laws to synthesize such as well, which I won't take any responsibility for)

Answer:

sulfur, charcoal and potassium nitrate

Explanation:

Payback

Answer:

I belive the answer is A but the image quality is hard to tell.

Explanation:

As pressure increases the higher the melting point of rock becomes making it harder to melt, thats why molten rocks brought to the surface melt because of the change in pressure.  

Answer:

1. Involves a carbocation intermediate- SN1, E1

2. Is first order in haloalkane and first order in base- E2

3. involves inversion of configuration at the site of substitution- SN2

4. Involves retention of configuration at the site of substitution- SN1

5. Substitution at a stereocenter gives predominantly a racemic product- SN1

6. Is first-order in alkyl halide and zero-order in base- E1

7. Is first-order in alkyl halide and first order in base- E2

8. Is greatly accelerated in protic solvents of increasing polarity- SN1,E1

9. Rearrangements are common- SN1, E1

10. Order of reactivity is 3°> 2° > 1° > methyl- SN1

11. Order of reactivity of haloalkanes is methyl > 1° > 2° > 3°- SN2

Explanation:

SN1 is mechanism of nucleophilic substitution in which a nucleophile reacts with an alkyl halide by first order mechanism. The reaction is first order in the alkyl halide and zero order in the nucleophile. The rate determining step is the formation of a carbocation. The ease of occurrence of SN1 reaction depends on the ease of formation of a stable carbocation. The order of carbocation stability is; 3°> 2° > 1° > methyl. SN1 mechanism leads to retention of configuration at the site of substitution and a racemization when substitution occurs at a chiral carbon atom.

SN2 is a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution mechanism which is first order in both nucleophile and alkyl halide. It is favoured by aprotic solvents which do not solvate the nucleophile significantly. The order of alkyl halide reactivity by SN2 mechanism is; methyl > 1° > 2° > 3°.

E1 mechanism refers to elimination reaction in which the rate determining step is the formation of a carbocation. It is common for tertiary alkyl halides. It mostly occurs with weak bases. The reaction is first order in the alkyl halide but zero order in the base.

E2 is an elimination mechanism which is first order in both alkyl halide and base. It is favoured by strong and bulky bases. Primary alkyl halides more commonly react by E2 mechanism.

The energy released in the nuclear reaction of 4H → He + 2e+ + 2ve is 2.224 MeV.

Recall that the mass-energy equivalence formula,

   E=mc²

We need to convert the masses from atomic mass units (u) to kilograms (kg) first, and then multiply by the speed of light squared (c²) in units of meters per second.

The change in mass between the reactants and products is:

Δm = (4.00150 u - 4 x 1.00723 u) x 1.66054 x 10⁻²⁷kg/u

= 0.02916 kg

where we have used the conversion factor 1 u = 1.66054 x 10⁻²⁷kg/u

The energy released is then:

E = Δm x c² / (1.60218 x 10⁻¹³ MeV/J)

= 0.02916 kg x (299792458 m/s)² / (1.60218 x 10⁻¹³ MeV/J)

= 2.224 MeV

Therefore, the energy released in this nuclear reaction is 2.224 MeV.

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In the given reaction, the limiting reactant is C₆H₆ (benzene).

To determine the limiting reactant as well as calculate the mass of HCl produced, compare the moles of each reactant.

The number of moles for each reactant:

Molar mass of Cl₂ = 35.5 g/mol + 35.5 g/mol = 71 g/mol

Moles of Cl₂ = mass of Cl₂ / molar mass of Cl₂

                     = 45 g / 71 g/mol

                     = 0.634 moles of Cl₂

Molar mass of C₆H₆ (benzene) = 12 g/mol + 6(1 g/mol) = 78 g/mol

Moles of C₆H₆ = mass of C₆H₆ / molar mass of C₆H₆

                        = 45 g / 78 g/mol = 0.577 moles of C₆H₆

Determine the stoichiometry between Cl₂ and HCl:

Cl₂ + C₆H₆ → C₆H₅Cl + HCl

Here, we can see that 1 mole of Cl₂ produces 1 mole of HCl.

Thus, the limiting reactant is C₆H₆ (benzene).

Calculate the mass of HCl produced:

Molar mass of HCl = 1 g/mol + 35.5 g/mol = 36.5 g/mol

Moles of HCl produced = moles of C₆H₆ = 0.577 moles

Mass of HCl produced = moles of HCl produced × molar mass of HCl

Mass of HCl produced = 0.577 moles × 36.5 g/mol

                                     ≈ 21.04 g

Therefore, approximately 21.04 grams of HCl will be produced.

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Answer:

While weathering and erosion are similar processes, they are not synonymous. Weathering involves the breakdown of rocks and minerals on Earth, whereas erosion involves the removal of soil and rock materials.

The amount of heat energy produced when 1 g of hydrogen and 2 g of nitrogen are reacted, is -6.61 KJ

First, we shall obtain the limiting reactant. Details below:

3H₂ + N₂ -> 2NH₃

From the balanced equation above,

28 g of N₂ reacted with 6 g of H₂

Therefore,

2 g of N₂ will react with = (2 × 6) / 28 = 0.43 g of H₂

We can see that only 0.43 g of H₂ is needed in the reaction.

Thus, the limiting reactant is N₂

Finally, we the amount of heat energy produced. Details below:

3H₂ + N₂ -> 2NH₃ ΔH = -92.6 KJ

From the balanced equation above,

When 28 grams of N₂ reacted, -92.6 KJ of heat energy were produced.

Therefore,

When 2 grams of N₂ will react to produce = (2 × -92.6) / 28 = -6.61 KJ

Thus the heat energy produced from the reaction is -6.61 KJ

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Yes, s = u+v/2+t, where s is the displacement, u is the beginning velocity, v is the end velocity, and t is the time required, is the equation of motion for a body travelling with uniform acceleration.

The basic law of motion, which states that a body's rate of change in displacement is directly proportional to its velocity, provides the basis for this equation. The equation of motion for a body travelling with constant acceleration, s = ut + 1/2at2, may be used to derive it.

The equation of motion for a body travelling with uniform acceleration is given by replacing the value of an as (v-u)/t and getting s = u+v/2+t. This formula is only accurate when the body's acceleration is constant and uniform.

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Answer: NO2

Explanation:

Assume 100 grams of a substance so that %=mass in grams

1.) Convert both into moles of each substance

30.45 g N * (1 mol N/ 14.01 g N) = 2.173 mol of N

69.55 g O * (1 mol O/ 16.00 g O) =4.347 mol of O

2.) divide both by the smallest number of moles, in this case 2.173, to find subscripts of each element.

2.173/ 2.173= 1

4.347/ 2.173= 2

Therefore the empirical formula is NO2

Answer:

The answer is 105.98844.

Explanation:

We assume you are converting between grams Na2CO3 and mole. You can view more details on each measurement unit: molecular weight of Na2CO3 or mol This compound is also known as Sodium Carbonate. The SI base unit for amount of substance is the mole.

Considering the definition of molar mass, 2.5 moles are in 265 grams of Na₂CO₃.

But first you have to know that molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, which can be an element or a compound.

In a compound the molar mass is equal to the sum of the weight or atomic mass of its atoms multiplied by their quantity.

In this case, the atomic mass of the elements of the compound are:

Then the atomic mass of the compound Na₂CO₃ is:

Na₂CO₃= 2× 23 g/mole + 12 g/mole + 3×16 g/mole

Na₂CO₃= 106 g/mole

Then you can apply the following rule of three: if by definition of molar mass 106 grams of the compound are contained in 1 mole, 265 grams are contained in how many moles?

\(amount of moles=\frac{265 gramsx1 mole}{106 grams}\)

amount of moles= 2.5 moles

In summary, 2.5 moles are in 265 grams of Na₂CO₃.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The work done by an object can be found by using the formula

workdone = force × distance

From the question we have

workdone = 75 × 8

We have the final answer as

Hope this helps you

Answer:Small-scale technique means a small quantity of chemicals that contribute to the safety of the experiments. Instead of using big beaker of chemical, micro scale technique utilize small quantities of chemical and scaled-down science equipment.

Explanation:

The correct option is C Osmotic pressure

Only Osmotic pressure is a colligative property.

What is Osmotic pressure?

Osmosis is the process by which water moves from a region with a low concentration of solute to one with a greater concentration. Atoms, ions, or molecules dissolved in a liquid are known as solutes. The total amount of particles dissolved in the fluid determines the rate of osmosis. The rate of osmosis increases with the number of particles that dissolve.

Water will go to the region with the highest solute concentration if a membrane is present. The pressure produced by water across a membrane as a result of osmosis is known as osmotic pressure. The osmotic pressure rises in direct proportion to the amount of water crossing the membrane.

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The normal range of creatinine in human blood is between 0.50 mg/dL and 1.1 mg/dL. The patient's blood has a concentration of 0.0082 g/L. Let's convert that value into mg/dL.

We kwnot that there are 1000 mg in 1 g. And there are 10 dL in 1 L. We have to use those conversions.

1000 mg = 1 g 10 dL = 1 L

0.0082 g/L = 0.0082 g/L * 1000 mg/g = 8.2 mg/L * 1 L/ (10 dL) = 0.82 mg/dL

0.0082 g/L = 0.82 mg/dL

0.50 mg/dL < 0.82 mg/dL < 1.1 mg/dL

Answer: The concentration of creatinine = 0.82 mg/dL. It is in the normal range.

You would recover 36.525g of NaCl after evaporating all of the water.

To find the grams of NaCl that would be recovered after evaporating all the water, we can use the following formula:

mass = moles * molar mass

Where:

Moles = Molarity * Volume

Molarity = 0.250 M

Volume = 2500.0 mL = 2.5 L

Molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g/mol

mass = 0.250 M * 2.5 L * 58.44 g/mol

mass = 36.525 g

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Answer:

They reflect 4 percent of solar radiation that reaches the surface.

Explanation:

When the sun angle is high and water is liquid notice, there is less reflection that takes place.

Answer:

All of the above are correct.

Explanation:

The Flame Test Shortcomings

Small quantities of most molecules can not be measured by the examination.

The signal's intensity ranges from one test to the next.

The test findings are impaired by impurities or toxins.

The test is not capable of differentiating between all components.

Answer:

A They are attracted to a magnet

Answer:

not sure but I think it's c

Answer:

The reaction is given as:

\(NaOH(s)\rightarrow Na^+(aq)+OH^-(aq)\)

Explanation:

Bases are defined as those chemical substances which give hydroxide ions in their aqueous solutions.

\(BOH(s)\rightarrow B^+(aq)+OH^-(aq)\)

When sodium hydroxide is added to water it gets dissociated into two ions that are sodium ions and hydroxide ions. Along with this heat energy also releases during this reaction.

The reaction is given as:

\(NaOH(s)\rightarrow Na^+(aq)+OH^-(aq)\)

The equation to show how NaOH behaves in water is NaOH → Na⁺ + (OH)⁻

The compound that produce negative hydroxide (OH−) ions when dissolved

in water are called bases .

This compounds NaOH (sodium hydroxide) is an example of a base.

When it dissolves in water it dissociate to form  negative hydroxide (OH−)

ions  and positive sodium (Na+) ions.

It can be represented by the following equation:

NaOH → Na⁺ + (OH)⁻

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I can give you a general approach to budgeting based on the guidelines you provided.

First, let's assume that the gross annual salary of the MBA entrepreneur is $100,000.

Federal Tax:

19% of $100,000 = $19,000

Net Salary:

$100,000 - $19,000 = $81,000

State Tax:

Assuming the state tax rate is 11%:

11% of $81,000 = $8,910

Net Salary:

$81,000 - $8,910 = $72,090

FICA Tax:

Assuming the FICA tax rate is 8%:

8% of $81,000 = $6,480

Net Salary:

$81,000 - $6,480 = $74,520

Monthly Net Income:

$74,520 divided by 12 = $6,210

Monthly Expenses:

Assuming a debt of $1,000 per month (credit card/student loans/car payments),

Utilities: $150

Cable and Internet: $100

Cell Phone: $50

Car Payment: $400

Groceries: $400

Car Gasoline: $150

Health Insurance: $400

Auto Insurance: $150

Home Insurance: $100

Entertainment: $200

Haircuts/Nails/Beauty: $100

Gym Membership: $50

Clothes: $100

Gifts: $100

Vacation Fund: $200

Total Monthly Expenses:

$2,900

Projected Monthly Expense:

10% of $6,210 = $621

Note that this is just an example, and your budget may differ depending on your specific circumstances and location. It's essential to track your actual expenses carefully to make sure you're sticking to your budget and adjusting it as needed.

Answer:

I apologize if this is not what you wanted! If you want a different answer or would like me to change it please let me know :)

Explanation:

For housing, I should be spending no more than 30% of my monthly net income. This includes rent, mortgage payments, and utilities. For transportation, I should be spending no more than 15% of my monthly net income. This includes car payments, gas, and insurance. For food, I should be spending no more than 10% of my monthly net income. This includes groceries and eating out. For savings, I should be spending no more than 10% of my monthly net income. This includes retirement savings, emergency funds, and other investments. For debt payments, I should be spending no more than 10% of my monthly net income. This includes student loans, credit cards, and other debts. For entertainment, I should be spending no more than 5% of my monthly net income. This includes movies, concerts, and other leisure activities.

In addition to these categories, I may also need to budget for other expenses. This could include medical bills, clothing, and other miscellaneous expenses. It is important to remember that these percentages are just guidelines and may need to be adjusted depending on my individual situation.

Scenario : I would like to save for a new cell phone which variable expense can I cut back ? How much should I save for a month on the phone?

If I would like to save for a new cell phone, I can cut back on my variable expenses. I can reduce my spending on entertainment, clothing, and miscellaneous expenses. I should aim to save at least 5% of my net annual salary for a new cell phone. This would be approximately $1,000 per year, or $83.33 per month.

id k what to do for the other two, but i hope this helps you! :))))))

Heat is added to ice at 0 °C. Explain why the temperature of the ice does not change. What does change?When heat is added to ice at 0°C, the temperature of the ice does not change. This happens because all the heat energy is used up in overcoming the intermolecular forces of attraction (hydrogen bonds) that exist between the water molecules in ice.

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First, we need to write out the balanced chemical equation for the reaction: 4 KO2 + 2 CO2 → 2 K2CO3 + 3 O2

From the equation, we can see that 4 moles of KO2 react with 2 moles of CO2 to produce 3 moles of O2. Therefore, we need to convert the given masses of KO2 and CO2 into moles:

moles of KO2 = 2.61 g / molar mass of KO2 = 2.61 g / 71.10 g/mol = 0.0367 mol
moles of CO2 = 4.46 g / molar mass of CO2 = 4.46 g / 44.01 g/mol = 0.1013 mol

Next, we need to determine the limiting reagent (the reactant that will be completely consumed in the reaction) by comparing the mole ratios of KO2 and CO2 in the balanced equation. The ratio of moles of KO2 to moles of CO2 is:
0.0367 mol KO2 / 4 mol KO2 per 2 mol CO2 = 0.0184 mol CO2

Since this ratio is less than the actual number of moles of CO2 we have (0.1013 mol), CO2 is in excess and KO2 is the limiting reagent.

Using the mole ratio from the balanced equation, we can calculate the number of moles of O2 produced:

moles of O2 = 3 mol O2 per 4 mol KO2 × 0.0367 mol KO2 = 0.0275 mol O2

Finally, we can convert the moles of O2 to grams:

mass of O2 = moles of O2 × molar mass of O2 = 0.0275 mol × 32.00 g/mol = 0.88 g
Therefore, 2.61 g of KO2 and 4.46 g of CO2 would produce 0.88 g of O2.

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Answer: The scientific concept or theory behind the detection of organic material in rocks is biogeochemistry. This field of science studies how chemical elements, such as carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur, move through different biological, geological, and environmental systems. In this context, biogeochemistry helps scientists to identify when oxygen first appeared on Earth by looking at the presence of organic material in rocks and sediment.

By examining organic materials in rocks, biogeochemical analysis can identify sedimentary patterns in the Earth's layers. These patterns allow scientists to draw conclusions about when oxygen was first produced in the atmosphere. For example, scientists can detect traces of sulfur and other organic material in the oldest rocks on Earth, which can help pinpoint the timeframe of when oxygen first was present.

Biogeochemistry can also help scientists to uncover more specific details about when oxygen appeared on Earth. By examining the organic material in rocks from different regions, scientists can map out when and where different levels of oxygen were produced. This allows scientists to draw more precise conclusions about when oxygen levels rose enough for life to emerge. Additionally, by analyzing the types of organic material found in rocks from different times, scientists may be able to distinguish which organisms were first in the atmosphere.

Biogeochemistry can also help inform us about the evolution of life and the environment. By studying the organic material found in a variety of rocks and sediment, scientists can gain a better understanding of how different environments have changed over time. This type of information can help scientists to better understand how climate change and other environmental factors have impacted the planet throughout history.

Explanation:

Answer:

copper

Explanation:

First, write down the reaction and notice the ratio of moles of which the reactants react.

the equation (i'm too lazy to write states of matter and since it doesnt matter in this problem i'm not going to. it is balanced, however) is:
Cl2 + Cu -> CuCl2

as you can see, one mole of chlorine gas reacts with one mole of copper.

since we have 75 moles of copper but only 70 moles of chlorine gas, after everything has been reacted we would expect 5 moles of copper to be left over. so, copper is the the reactant which is in excess