i need this "—Provide a broad overview of life for African Americans in the beginning during the colonial
period and then later, during the Reconstruction era. State a key change between these two periods in addition to
an example of something that might stay somewhat the same that you’ll expand upon later. While it’s important to
write about the commonly acknowledged aspects of life for African Americans in the beginning, challenge
yourself to find lesser-known details, such as the role of western African nations in the Atlantic slave trade " in a paragraph

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

One key change between these two periods is the shift from slavery to segregation. While slavery officially ended with the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, African Americans still faced systemic racism and discrimination through Jim Crow laws and other forms of segregation. Despite this, many aspects of African American culture and traditions continued to thrive, such as music, literature, and cuisine.

Explanation:


Related Questions

Which best explains why a candidate’s opening statement about rising college costs must keep the audience in mind?

An audience will be quick to dismiss a candidate if the candidate does not address their concerns.
An audience will be quick to dismiss a candidate if the candidate’s tone is not upbeat.
An audience will be quick to dismiss a candidate if the candidate does not use “I” statements.
An audience will be quick to dismiss a candidate if the candidate does not address counterclaims.

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Answer:

An audience will be quick to dismiss a candidate if the candidate does not address their concerns. -   In translation, Its A

Explanation:

Vì sao nói hội nghị Giơnevơ 1954 được kí kết là sự kết hợp hài hòa giữa nghệ thuật đánh và đàm của đảng ta

Answers

Answer:

I do not understand the question

őőőő MULTIPLE CHOICE Question 4 What changes did workers and labor unions in New York experience after the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire tragedy? Select all that apply. O A C the rise in union membership new laws regulating labor in the state reduction of work hours from 65 to 52 hours per week D more criminal court victories in cases regarding working conditions O All Changes Saved Continue

Answers

Workers and labor unions in New York experience after the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire tragedy are : A. the rise in union membership, C. new laws regulating labor in the state, D. more criminal court victories in cases regarding working conditions.

After the tragic Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in New York City in 1911, workers and labor unions experienced significant changes that aimed to address the hazardous working conditions and improve labor rights.One of the major outcomes was the rise in union membership. The devastating fire highlighted the need for collective bargaining and worker solidarity. It prompted more workers to join labor unions to advocate for safer working conditions, fair wages, and better treatment.The tragedy also led to the introduction of new laws regulating labor in the state. In response to the fire, New York enacted various labor reforms, including improved fire safety regulations, building codes, and factory inspection practices. These measures aimed to protect workers and prevent similar disasters from occurring in the future.There were more criminal court victories in cases regarding working conditions. The public outcry and outrage over the Triangle fire resulted in increased awareness and legal action against employers who disregarded worker safety. The fire became a catalyst for prosecuting and holding accountable those responsible for unsafe working environments, leading to more criminal court victories and an increased focus on workers' rights.The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire tragedy had a profound impact on workers and labor unions in New York. It spurred a rise in union membership, the implementation of new labor laws, and more criminal court victories in cases related to working conditions, all aimed at improving worker safety and rights.

The correct options are : A. the rise in union membership, C. new laws regulating labor in the state, D. more criminal court victories in cases regarding working conditions.

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Which of the following statements accurately describe how Napoleon came to power? (Select all that apply) *

A. "Bloodless Coup"
B. Cut off all the guards heads and put them on spikes
C. Surrounded the state legislative building and forced them to sign Napoleon into power
D. Storming of the Bastille

Answers

Answer:

d

Explanation:

The photo is of Gregory "Pappy" Boyington, a combat pilot during World War II. Boyington was one of twenty-one Washington residents who

O- Died as a result of fighting during the war.

O- Received the Congressional Medal of Honor.

O- Participated in a total war effort at home.

O- Escaped from a prisoner of war camp. ​

Answers

Boyington was one of twenty-one Washington residents who Received the Congressional Medal of Honor. Thus the correct option is B.

A World War II American combat pilot born on December 4, 1912, was Gregory "Pappy" Boyington. He is best known for his time as a United States Marine Corps aviator and as the commander of the famed "Black Sheep Squadron" of Marine fighters.

Gregory "Pappy" Boyington was a World War II fighter pilot who was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honour for his remarkable bravery and ability in aerial combat during the Battle of the Bismarck Sea in 1943.

Therefore, option B is appropriate.

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All of the following are true statements about eroupean recobery program EXCEPT which one?

Answers

answer: do you have a picture of the question and answers so that i can help you

Why were the colonist not concerned with separating church and state?

Answers

Answer:

To prevent domination of the majority religious group and violation of Fundamental Rights

Explanation:

A philosophical and jurisprudential idea for defining political distance in the relationship between religious organizations and the state is the separation of church and state. Conceptually, the term refers to the establishment of a secular state (with or without a legally explicit church-state separation) and the alteration of a formal relationship that already exists between the church and the state. Even though the idea has been around for a while, Thomas Jefferson came up with the term "wall of separation between church and state," which is where the exact phrase "separation of church and state" comes from. The idea was advanced by Edification rationalists like John Locke.

The legal structures and prevalent legal views that define the proper relationship between organized religion and the state determine the degree of political separation between the church and the civil state in a society. According to the arm's length principle, two political entities should work together as organizations, each with its own authority. While secular societies like Norway, Denmark, and England maintain a form of constitutional recognition of an official state religion, France employs the strict application of the secular principle of lacité.

The philosophies of secularism, disestablishmentarianism, religious liberty, and religious pluralism are analogous to the church's separation from the state. European states adopted some of the social roles of the church and the welfare state through these philosophies, resulting in a population and public sphere that were culturally secular. In practice, church–state separation can range from total separation, as in India and Singapore, which is mandated by the country's political constitution, to a state religion, as in the Maldives.

According to the Seventh Amendment, people who sue companies for not paying them are guaranteed
payment for their work.
representation by lawyers.
trials by jury.
double jeopardy.

Answers

Answer: Trials by Jury

Explanation:

The 7th amendment was put in place to protect citizens from ordinary lawsuits. As you know, for almost everything we have the right to a fair trial. The same goes for the accused companies.

Answer:

I think it might by trials by jury

Explanation:

if im wrong so sorry

This site provides evidence of the possibility that agriculture was the catalyst (the thing that gets something going) for civilization.




False


True

Answers

Answer:

True TRUE TRUE hope this helps you

Explanation:

TRULY TRUE

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Which two statements about the Guilded Age are accurate

Answers

YOUR ANSWER

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Which two statements about the Guilded Age are accurate

If China had not isolated itself during the past period, how do you think the country would have evolved?

Answers

Because of its geographical location, ancient China was at first secluded. The surrounding desert, mountains, and oceans provided the Ancient Chinese civilization with natural defenses against outside invaders.

When did China first allow foreigners access?

The phrase "Open Door" also refers to Deng Xiaoping's 1978 economic initiative, which opened up China to international companies looking to invest there. The policy launched China's economic transition.

Isolation Physical boundaries surround China almost completely. To the north and west of China, respectively, are the Taklimakan and the Gobi deserts. The imposing Mountains provide a barrier separating China and India. There are additional mountains to the south, and there are plains to the east.

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Someone konw The Second Opium War ?

Answers

Answer:

the Arrow War

The second Opium War, also known as the Arrow War or the Anglo-French War in China, was fought by Great Britain and France against China. The United States and Russia, although not combatants, also received concessions from China as a result of this conflict.

a plan to improve school grounds for wildlife?

Answers

A plan to improve school grounds for wildlife involves creating a conducive environment that supports and promotes the presence of diverse plant and animal species.

Here is a summary of key steps that can be taken:

1. Native Plantings: Introduce native plants to the school grounds, including trees, shrubs, and wildflowers. These plants provide food and shelter for local wildlife, attract pollinators, and enhance biodiversity.

2. Habitat Creation: Designate areas for specific wildlife habitats such as butterfly gardens, birdhouses, bat boxes, and ponds. These features provide suitable nesting sites, roosting areas, and watering spots for various species.

3. Wildlife-Friendly Landscaping: Incorporate features like brush piles, rock piles, and fallen logs to create hiding places and cover for small mammals, reptiles, and amphibians. Incorporate diverse vegetation heights to provide varied habitats and encourage species diversity.

4. Water Sources: Install bird baths, small ponds, or rain gardens to provide water sources for wildlife. These can be designed to collect rainwater or utilize greywater to conserve resources.

5. Sustainable Practices: Implement eco-friendly practices such as reducing pesticide and herbicide use, composting, and water conservation measures. These practices create a healthier ecosystem and reduce harm to wildlife.

6. Educational Opportunities: Utilize the improved school grounds as a learning resource. Incorporate wildlife observation areas, nature trails, and interpretive signage to engage students in environmental education and foster a connection with nature.

By implementing these measures, schools can transform their grounds into vibrant, wildlife-friendly spaces. The plan not only benefits local fauna but also provides educational opportunities for students, fostering a sense of stewardship and appreciation for nature.

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.Based on Source 3, which statement best describes the role of manufacturing in
Louisiana's economy during the antebellum period?
A. Manufacturing was small and mainly supported the local markets.
B. Manufacturing was large and of more importance than the agricultural
industry
C. Manufacturing was small and concentrated on creating military equipment.
D. Manufacturing was large and focused on exports to international markets

Answers

Answer:

A. Manufacturing was small and mainly supported the local markets.

Explanation:

This is the correct statement which describe the role of manufacturing in Louisiana's economy during the antebellum period.

the purpose of the passanger list maintained by the transportation security administration is

Answers

Answer:

A. to keep people who are possible threats off airplanes.

The purpose of the passenger list maintained by the transportation security administration is to keep people who are possible threats off airplanes.

What is an Airline Passenger List?

This refers to the list of all the people who are on board an Airplane at any given time for a flight.

The key purpose among others for this list is to ensure that every passenger is accounted for and that they are traceable should security reasons arise.

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What was the Chinese political historic perspective in 1839 during the opium trade?

Answers

In 1839, China was ruled by the Qing dynasty, which had been in power since 1644. The Qing dynasty was facing various challenges at the time, including a weakened economy, increasing social unrest, and pressure from Western powers seeking increased trade opportunities.

The opium trade was a major issue for China during this time. The British had been importing opium into China from their colonies in India, leading to widespread addiction and social problems in China. In an effort to curb the opium trade and address the societal issues it created, the Qing government issued a series of edicts and regulations prohibiting the importation and sale of opium. The British government, however, refused to comply with these regulations, and tensions between the two nations continued to escalate.

From a Chinese political historic perspective, the opium trade was seen as a symbol of Western imperialism and a threat to China's sovereignty. It was believed that foreign powers were seeking to exploit China's weaknesses and impose their own economic and political systems. This created a sense of nationalism and resistance among the Chinese people, and ultimately led to the outbreak of the First Opium War in 1839.

Qing Dynasty ruled China in 1839, the Dynasty had a perspective that the opium trade posed a great threat to the political as well as the social order of the country.

Opium was considered an addictive as well as harmful drug by the Qing Dynasty which the British merchants were forcing upon Chinese people in order to gain economic and political power as well as influence over China. This trade was viewed as exploitation and imperialism by the Chinese government.

Opium trade was considered a direct challenge to the authority and sovereignty of the Chinese government. The government devised several anti-opium campaigns in order to stop the opium trade leading to the Opium War of 1839. The war from the Chinese perspective was considered a struggle to save their country as well as protect their people from foreign aggression and the harmful effects of opium.

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How did Paul Cuffee influence change in the nineteenth century?


Responses


A. He founded a newspaper and spoke out against the war on Mexico.



B. He published a narrative about his own life and wrote books about Black history.



C. He encouraged the British to stop buying cotton grown by enslaved people.



D. He sent a petition to the Massachusetts government asking for the right to vote.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

None of the responses accurately describes Paul Cuffee's influence on change in the nineteenth century. Paul Cuffee was an African-American entrepreneur, shipbuilder, and abolitionist who used his wealth and influence to promote Black self-sufficiency and advocate for the abolition of slavery. He is known for founding schools for Black children, establishing trade with West Africa, and supporting the emigration of free Black people to Sierra Leone.

Paul Cuffee (1759-1817) was a prominent Black businessman and activist who fought for civil rights and political equality for African Americans in the early nineteenth century. He used his wealth and influence to advocate for social and political change and to help others in his community.

Cuffee's influence can be seen in his efforts to encourage the British to stop buying cotton grown by enslaved people. In 1811, he traveled to London to meet with members of the British government and to discuss the issue of the slave trade. Cuffee argued that the British should stop buying cotton grown by enslaved people in the United States and instead purchase cotton from Africa, which would help to promote economic development and self-sufficiency among African Americans.

Cuffee also sent a petition to the Massachusetts government asking for the right to vote. He believed that African Americans should be granted the same rights and privileges as white Americans and that they should be allowed to participate fully in the political process.

Overall, Paul Cuffee's activism and advocacy for social and political change helped to pave the way for future generations of civil rights leaders and activists. His work serves as an important reminder of the ongoing struggle for equality and justice in the United States.

Which statement best explains the effect of the US occupation of Japan? The United States brought governmental reform but had little economic impact. The United States allowed Japan’s emperor to take control of a capitalist economy. The United States steered economic growth but could not affect Japan’s government. The United States helped Japan become a democratic country with a strong economy.

Answers

Which statement best explains the effect of the US occupation of Japan?

Choose: The United States helped Japan become a democratic country with a strong economy.

The correct option is: The United States helped Japan become a democratic country with a strong economy.

The most obvious changes were political. During the Occupation, Japan adopted a new constitution (sometimes called the MacArthur Constitution because of the major role Americans played in its drafting). This constitution was completely different from the Meiji Constitution of 1889.

What were the positive results that came out of the US occupation of Japan?

Wartime leaders stood trial for war crimes, and seven were executed. A new constitution (promulgated in 1947), vesting power in a democratic government, replaced the Meiji Constitution; in it, Japan renounced its right to wage war, the emperor was reduced to ceremonial status, and women were given the right to vote.

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On Great Depression : A subsistence level is the bare minimum of basic needs that a family requires to survive. What

percentage of American families was living below this level?

Answers

Answer:

A) Is defined as the 10 percent of U.S. households with the lowest incomes.

Explanation:

The poverty line (or poverty inception) categorizes people into poor or non-poor. If someone receives earnings below that limit (poverty line) they are categorized as weak. Usually, this line or inception is installed as the shortest amount of capital a person requires to live on.

So if a person is categorized as weak, since they shouldn't be capable to live individually on their earnings, they can request the support of government plans (e.g. Medicaid, food stamps).

Answer: Is defined as the 10 percent of U.S. households with the lowest incomes.

Explanation: The poverty line (or poverty inception) categorizes people into poor or non-poor. If someone receives earnings below that limit (poverty line) they are categorized as weak. Usually, this line or inception is installed as the shortest amount of capital a person requires to live on.

So if a person is categorized as weak, since they shouldn't be capable to live individually on their earnings, they can request the support of government plans (e.g. Medicaid, food stamps).

Roughly, how many New Religious Movements are around today?

A:500
B:20
C:89
D:137

Answers

Based on various research statistics, it is believed that roughly 500 New Religious Movements are around today.

The new religious movement has been described to be a form of existing and popular religion but is distinct in terms of practices and denominations.

New Religious movements are formed from the major religions like Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism.

Hence, in this case, it is concluded that the correct answer is option A. "500."

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Can someone please draw me a economic demand and supply shift graph?

Market for Automobiles:
- X-axis: Quantity of Automobiles
- Y-axis: Price of Automobiles
- Curve: Supply (S), labeled as
"SO"
- Equilibrium Price: Pe
- Equilibrium Quantity: Qe
Now we add the shift in supply due to the semiconductor chip shortage:
- New supply curve (S1): Shifts to the left, indicating a decrease in supply of automobiles.
- New equilibrium price: P1 (higher than Pe)
- New equilibrium quantity: Q1 (lower than Qe)
We add arrows to show the direction of the changes in the curve, price, and quantity

Answers

In economics, the demand and supply model is used to understand how changes in various factors affect the equilibrium price and quantity in a market.

How to explain the information

This model is represented graphically with the demand curve and supply curve intersecting at the equilibrium point.

The demand curve illustrates the relationship between the price of a product or service and the quantity demanded by consumers. It slopes downward from left to right, indicating that as the price decreases, the quantity demanded increases, and vice versa. This negative relationship between price and quantity demanded is known as the law of demand.

The supply curve, on the other hand, depicts the relationship between the price of a product or service and the quantity supplied by producers. It slopes upward from left to right, indicating that as the price increases, the quantity supplied also increases, and vice versa. This positive relationship between price and quantity supplied is known as the law of supply.

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Can someone please draw me a economic demand and supply shift graph?Market for Automobiles:- X-axis:

The Black Panthers favored a __society, believing that would allow more economic equality for African Americans than
the current structure.

A. non-apartheid
B. federal republic
C. capitalist
D. Marxist socialist

Answers

D.

The Black Panther Party was open to the ideas of Marxism, and the organization was in favor of the establishment of a workers party.

Fred Hampton was a strong advocate for revolutionary socialism.

“You don’t fight racism with racism. We’re gonna fight racism with solidarity. You don’t fight capitalism with Black capitalism; you fight capitalism with socialism,” stated Hampton.

PLEASE HELP MEEEEE
How were the goals of Henry Clay and Robert Byrd similar and different?

Answers

well they both wanted to avoid a civil war as much as possible. they're different because they lived at different times.

Both Henry Clay and Robert Byrd wanted to avoid a civil war as much as possible. They are different because they lived at different times.

Who was Henry Clay ?

Henry Clay Sr. was an American lawyer and statesman who served in the United States Senate and House of Representatives. In 1816, Clay became a fervent supporter of the establishment of a national bank and the liberation of South American colonies from Spanish authority. He also played a role in developing and passing the Missouri Compromise of 1820, which served as a temporary solution to the increasing national debate over slavery.

Robert Carlyle Byrd was an American politician and musician who was a United States senator from West Virginia from 1959 until his death in 2010.  He was fully opposed to racism and segregation.

Therefore, both of the personalities were US Senators who wanted to avoid the civil war.

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Alexander Hamilton's treasury plan proposed to repay Receipts of Congress
at what ratio?
O 200% of the original value
O 150% of the original value
O 75% of the original value
O Face value

Answers

Alexander Hamilton's treasury plan proposed to repay the Receipts of Congress at face value.

Alexander Hamilton's treasury plan, put forth during his tenure as the first Secretary of the Treasury of the United States, proposed to repay the Receipts of Congress at their face value. These Receipts, also known as government bonds, were issued by the Congress to raise funds for the young nation. Hamilton recognized the importance of honoring these obligations to maintain the credibility and financial stability of the federal government. By repaying the Receipts at face value, Hamilton aimed to instill confidence in investors and establish a solid foundation for the country's financial system. This approach helped establish the principle of honoring government debts, laying the groundwork for a strong economic future for the United States.

In conclusion, Alexander Hamilton's treasury plan advocated for repaying the Receipts of Congress at their face value, highlighting his commitment to maintaining the financial integrity and credibility of the United States government.

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Many of Georgia's courts are known as Trial Courts. Which trial court is
the court where judges can only be appointed?
A) Probate Court
B) Superior Court
C) Juvenile Court
D) Magistrate Court

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Hope this helped! please tell me if im wrong.

Answer:

B) Superior Court

Explanation:

USAtest

1. Summarize what Sancho Panza thought when he left in search of Dulcinea.

Answers

Sancho Panza left in search of Dulcinea with doubts and confusion.

What were Sancho Panza's thoughts when he left?

When Sancho Panza embarked on his quest to find Dulcinea, he was filled with a mix of hope and uncertainty. As Don Quixote's loyal squire, he had witnessed his master's delusions and believed that Dulcinea was nothing more than a figment of Don Quixote's imagination.

But he also couldn't ignore the fervent passion and determination with which Don Quixote spoke of his beloved lady. In an attempt to please his master and perhaps unravel the mystery, Sancho set off on this quest, torn between his skepticism and the possibility of discovering something extraordinary.

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discuss how European explores and Enlightenment thinkers used false scientific theories to justify slavery and racism with reference to the story of Sarah Baartma​

Answers

The use of false scientific theories to justify slavery and racism is a dark chapter in human history, and the story of Sarah Baartman is a poignant example of this. Baartman was a KhoiSan woman from South Africa who was taken to Europe in the early 19th century and exhibited as a "freak show" attraction because of her body shape.

At the time, European explorers and Enlightenment thinkers were obsessed with categorizing and classifying human beings based on physical characteristics such as skin color, skull shape, and facial features.

They believed that these physical traits were indicative of intelligence, morality, and social status. This pseudoscientific theory was called "racial science," and it provided a justification for slavery and colonialism.

One of the leading figures in racial science was Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, a German anatomist who categorized human beings into five racial groups based on skull shape. Blumenbach believed that the Caucasian race was the most superior, and the African race was the most inferior. This theory was widely accepted by European intellectuals of the time, and it was used to justify the subjugation of African people.

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In a traditional economy, which group is most responsible for producing the goods people in society need?

Answers

Answer:

The tribe or family group

Answer:

family members

Explanation:

economics quiz

Justinian was a big spender. Select one: True False

Answers

Answer:

True I think

Explanation:

Answer:

true

Explanation:

What did the Roman empire obtain from china through trade

Answers

Answer: Direct trade links between the Mediterranean lands and India had been established in the late 2nd century BC by the Hellenistic Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt. Greek navigators learned to use the regular pattern of the monsoon winds for their trade voyages in the Indian Ocean. The lively sea trade in Roman times is confirmed by the excavation of large deposits of Roman coins along much of the coast of India. Many trading ports with links to Roman communities have been identified in Indiaand Sri Lanka along the rout

Explanation:

Other Questions
Can someone please give me the answer to these psychology essential Questions I am a ib highschool student in grade 11 and I need to know these before my exam. Thankyou 1. What considerations must a psychologist make when setting up a research experiment?2. What are the strengths and limitations of an experimental approach to studying human behaviour?3. What is the importance of a representative sample - and how can one be obtained?4. How can statistics be used to help us interpret data? Which two processes involve the flow of solar energy into the Earth system?O A. Warming of the atmosphereB. Storing energy in an atomic nucleusC. Melting of icebergs in the oceansD. Convection inside the geosphere Using the Walmart annual report posted in Blackboard, calculate each of the following: Working capital as of January 31, 2014 Current Ratio as of January 31, 2014 Acid-Test Ratio as of January 31,2014 DISPLAY THE ANSWER FOR QUESTION A WITH A \$ SIGN AND COMMA DISPLAY THE ANSWERS FOR QUESTIONS B AND C WITH A DECIMAL POINT AND GOING TO 2 DECIMAL PLACES QUESTION 4 If I own 100 shares of stock, how many shares of stock will I own after a 4-for-1 stock split occurs? which of the following is true of norman granzs jazz at the philharmonic concerts?a.organized by Norman Granzb.included swing and bebop soloistsc.quiet and restrained audiencesd.held in concert hallse.racially integrated audiences Which type of air pollution caused forests and aquatic ecosystems to die and cement infrastructure to be damaged? What is the gradient of the graph shown? Suppose total planned expenditures equal $100 billion when the value of the price level is 100. if the price level drops to 90, total planned real expenditures will equal? How many inches smaller is a 1.16 inch worm than a 2.47 How many protons are transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane by complex ii?. An athlete consumed 4,000 calories yesterday. Today, she consumed 3,800 calories. What is the percent change in number of calories consumed. Was this a percent increase or decrease? Round to the nearest percent. The movement of water and sediments toward the shore is called ______ current and transport, whereas the resulting movement of water and sediments parallel to the shore is called ______ current and transport. What is the measure of arc RS? all 3kkrjrjejejejejsjsjjsjsjsjshsjsjshdhdhdj (2/3)m tm= a + r, for m Someone please help me! Helppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp a nurse is preparing a couple and their newborn for discharge. which instructions would be most appropriate for the nurse to include in discharge teaching? I need a short crime story asaapp!!!!! BUSINESS LAWThe Tuna Case:Lars Paulsen consumed approximately 10 six-ounce cans of tuna fish per week from approximately January 2008 to October 2010. Canned tuna was Paulsens main source of protein during that time period. The tuna fish was canned by Defendant Seaside Foods, LLC ("Seaside"). Paulsen purchased this tuna, which was frequently on sale, from Easyshop Supermarket Company ("Easyshop"). During this time period, Seaside promoted its canned tuna fish as an excellent and safe source of high quality protein, vitamins, minerals and omega3 fatty acids, as well as being low in saturated fats and carbohydrates, and promoted its product as being heart healthy. The Seaside tuna fish did not provide any warning that it contained mercury, "an odorless, colorless, tasteless, poisonous, heavy metal."At some point between January 2008 and October 2010, Paulsen began to experience, two to three times per week, episodes of chest pains, heart palpitations, sweatiness, dizziness, and lightheadedness, which led him to believe that he had a heart condition. Paulsen sought medical attention and underwent numerous tests to understand the cause of his symptoms, but none of these tests provided an answer. On April 14, 2008, Paulsen went to the White Plains Hospital Emergency Room because he believed (incorrectly) that he was having a heart attack.On or about October 1, 2010, Paulsen's primary care practitioner ordered a heavy metals blood test, which showed that there was an elevated level of mercury in Paulsen's blood. Specifically, Paulsen's blood mercury level was 23 mcg/L, as opposed to less than 10 mcg/L, which is normal. On the same date, the New York State Department of Health contacted Paulsen by telephone, advised him that he had a dangerous level of mercury in his blood, asked him questions, filled out a questionnaire, and instructed him to stop eating tuna fish. Paulsen stopped eating tuna fish, and a blood test on November 4, 2010 revealed that his mercury levels had returned to normal. Paulsen no longer suffered the heart attack-like symptoms previously described, but he says that he "remains worried today about what effects the mercury has had on his health."Paulsen has sued Seaside and Easyshop for product liability, asserting claims of negligence and strict liability. The complaint alleges that Seasides tuna fish was unreasonably dangerous because it contained "poisonously high levels of mercury" and that Seaside and Easyshop are therefore strictly liable to Paulsen. The complaint also alleges strict liability based on Seasides failure to warn of the tunas "potential latent danger of poisonously high levels of mercury" and "that consumption of tuna fish in certain quantities was unsafe and dangerous because of its mercury content."Mercury is present in trace amounts in almost all fish. Mercury is a naturally occurring element and can also be released into the air from industrial pollution. Mercury falls from the air and accumulates in oceans and streams. Bacteria in the water cause chemical changes that transform mercury into methylmercury, which fish absorb and which cannot be removed from the fish.FDA regulations specify the maximum amount of mercury that may be present in fish and shellfish, and there is no claim or evidence that Seasides tuna exceeded these amounts. However, the regulations do not require warnings regarding mercury on tuna or other seafoodThe elements of a claim of product liability based on strict liability are:1. The product must be in defective condition when sold.2. The defendant must be normally engaged in the business of selling or distributing the product.3. The product must be unreasonably dangerous to the user or consumer because of its defective condition.4. The plaintiff must incur physical harm to self or property by use or consumption of the product.5. The defective condition must be the proximate cause of the injury or damage.6. The goods must not have been substantially changed from the time the product was sold to the time the injury was sustained.Consider the following questions:1. In defending against the strict liability claims, what arguments can Seaside make about the elements of injury and proximate cause (elements 4 and 5 above)?2. In defending against the strict liability claims, what arguments can Seaside make about whether the tuna was defective or unreasonably dangerous (elements 1 and 3 above) because of the mercury content?3. In defending against the strict liability claims, what arguments can Seaside make about whether the tuna was defective or unreasonably dangerous (elements 1 and 3 above) because of the lack of a warning about mercury?4. If the elements above are proved, can Easyshop be held liable on a strict product liability claim even though they had no control over the packing or labeling of the tuna? Chino Company manufactures fabric and clothing. Managers can either sell the unfinished fabric to other clothing manufacturers or incur additional conversion costs to create a finished garment. The costs incurred to produce the unfinished fabric are $400,000, which are allocated to the products based on the sales value of the unfinished fabric. Following is information concerning the clothing that can be produced from the fabric: Product Number of Units Selling Price of Unfinished Fabric Selling Price after Processing Further Additional Processing Cost Pants 6,000 $20.00 $30.00 $28,450 Shirts 12,000 23.20 32.40 64,400 Coats 4,000 38.80 43.20 18,300 Required: 2-a. Calculate the increase or decrease in profit if the products are processed further. 2-b. Which products should be sold as unfinished fabric and which should be further processed