How might associative learning explain why different species of distasteful or stinging insects have similar colors? Give another example of associative learning from your textbook.
Answers
Associative learning may explain why different species of distasteful or stinging insects have similar colors because predators learn to associate a particular color with the noxious effects of their venom or taste. Thus, over time, predators avoid any insect that displays the warning coloration, regardless of the species.
Another example of associative learning is classical conditioning, in which an animal learns to associate a neutral stimulus with a biologically relevant stimulus, resulting in a change in behavior.
The phenomenon of warning coloration or aposematism in different species of insects with similar colors is an example of associative learning. Predators that have a negative experience with an insect displaying a certain color pattern may avoid other insects with the same color pattern, regardless of the species.
Over time, predators develop an association between the warning coloration and the noxious effects of the venom or taste, and they avoid insects that display the color pattern. This can result in the evolution of similar warning coloration in different species, even if they are not closely related.
Another example of associative learning is classical conditioning, which occurs when an animal learns to associate a neutral stimulus with a biologically relevant stimulus. In classical conditioning, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits a response similar to the response to the biologically relevant stimulus.
For example, Pavlov's dog learned to associate the sound of a bell with the presentation of food, and eventually, the sound of the bell alone was enough to elicit salivation in the dog.
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Related Questions
why the times of moonrise for full and new moon are inverted.
:)
Answers
Which organisms have the potential to reproduce?
A.
living organisms do not reproduce
B.
only unicellular organisms
C.
only multicellular organisms
D.
all living organisms
Answers
which of the following is not a description of an aorta? group of answer choices it delivers oxygenated blood to all body parts it originates from the left ventricle it is composed of smooth muscle and elastic fibers it is rarely vascularized it contains baroreceptors
Answers
Among the given options, the following is not a description of an aorta: It is rarely vascularized.The aorta is the largest artery in the human body. The aorta is composed of smooth muscle and elastic fibers. The aorta originates from the left ventricle, and it delivers oxygenated blood to all parts of the body.
Baroreceptors are present in the aortic arch. Baroreceptors are sensory receptors that detect changes in blood pressure.Baroreceptors are involved in the maintenance of blood pressure and homeostasis. The aorta contains baroreceptors that help regulate blood pressure by detecting changes in pressure in the aortic arch.
When the blood pressure decreases, the baroreceptors send a signal to the brain that stimulates the sympathetic nervous system to increase blood pressure. When the blood pressure increases, the baroreceptors send a signal to the brain that stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system to decrease blood pressure. Therefore, the correct answer is, "It is rarely vascularized."
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Fertilizer runoff has a negative impact on aquatic ecosystems because _______. a. it causes plants and algae to grow quickly, suffocating organisms in the water b. phosphorus is not found in nature c. phosphorus is poisonous to living organisms d. living organisms do not require phosphorus in order to survive please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
Answers
Fertilizer runoff has a negative impact on aquatic ecosystems because
a. it causes plants and algae to grow quickly, suffocating organisms in the water
What effect can fertilizer runoff have on an ecosystem?When nutrients and other contaminants connected with animal manures and commercial fertilisers are not adequately handled, they can have a harmful impact on plant and animal life (including people). Algal blooms deplete oxygen in surface waters, pathogens and nitrates in drinking water, and the release of smells and chemicals into the atmosphere are just a few of the effects.
Manure and fertiliser nutrients reach lakes and streams via runoff and soil erosion. When soil-test nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) levels rise, more plant-available N and P migrate with the water.
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select the neurotransmitter that has least involvement in drug-induced movement disorders.
Answers
Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter that has the least involvement in drug-induced movement disorders. Option B is correct.
Acetylcholine is primarily involved in the regulation of the parasympathetic nervous system, but it also plays a role in the regulation of movement through its effects on the neuromuscular junction. While drugs that affect acetylcholine levels can cause movement disorders such as Parkinsonism, they are generally less likely to do so than drugs that affect dopamine levels.
Dopamine is the neurotransmitter which is involved in the regulation of movement, among the other functions. Drugs that affect dopamine levels, such as antipsychotics and drugs of abuse like cocaine and amphetamines, can lead to movement disorders such as tardive dyskinesia, Parkinsonism, and hyperkinetic disorders.
Norepinephrine and serotonin also play roles in the regulation of movement and have been implicated in some movement disorders, although to a lesser extent than dopamine. For example, drugs that affect serotonin levels, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), can cause movement disorders such as akathisia and tardive dyskinesia.
Hence, B. is the correct option.
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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"Select the neurotransmitter that has least involvement in drug-induced movement disorders. A. Norepinephrine B. Acetylcholine C. Dopamine D. Serotonin (5-HT)."--
if an individual has 5 gene pairs, how many different gametes can be formed if two of the gene pairs are homozygous and the remaining three gene pairs are heterozygous?
Answers
There are 8 different possible combinations of alleles for the three heterozygous gene pairs. For the two homozygous gene pairs, there is only one possible combination of alleles for each, so they do not contribute to the total number of different gametes that can be formed.
If an individual has 5 gene pairs, and two of the gene pairs are homozygous and the remaining three gene pairs are heterozygous, the total number of different gametes that can be formed can be calculated using the formula 2ⁿ, where n is the number of heterozygous gene pairs.
In this case, there are three heterozygous gene pairs, so n = 3. Therefore, the total number of different gametes that can be formed is:
2³ = 8
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Examine the model presented here. Evaluate the size and structures associated with this cell. Which statements are accurate in their
description based on the cell type shown here? Select ALL that apply.
A)The cell lacks a nuclear membrane.
B)The cell lacks ribosomes and is likely eukaryotic.
C)The cell contains flagella and is likely eukaryotic.
D)The cell lacks mitochondria and is likely prokaryotic.
E)This is a prokaryotic cell because there are few internal cell structures.
Cells Functions and Structures
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is - A, D, and E.
Explanation:
The following model is a model of a prokaryotic cell. It can be identified with the characteristic features of the cell and the cellular components present in this particular cell.
In this model, no nuclear envelope or membrane is present and it is present in the eukaryotes not in the prokaryotes, similarly, the other double membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria not present in the prokaryotes.
Which process requires ATP in order to release particles from a cell to maintain homeostasis?
Answers
Answer:
Active Transport uses energy (atp) to maintain homeostasis within cells. Organisms use energy contained in their cells to allow proteins to make channels in the membrane for transport.
A bacterium was found to contain a sequence of ATCGGGATCCT in its genome. A few generations later, the sequence was found to be ATCGGGGGGATCCT. What type of mutation caused this change in the bacteria?
Answers
Answer:
This question lacks options, the options are:
A) Deletion
B) Duplication
C) Inversion
D) Insertion
The correct answer is Insertion mutation
Explanation:
Mutation refers to changes that occur to the nucleotide sequence of a gene or DNA. Mutation produces different effect in the mutated organism and is classified based on how it occurs. Mutations can be deletion, insertion, duplication, inversion etc.
Based on the description of the mutation that occured to the bacterium sequence, it is an INSERTION MUTATION. An insertion mutation is a kind of mutation in which extra nucleotide bases are added to the original sequence. This is the case of this bacteria sequence, which was previously found to contain: ATCGGGATCCT.
After few generations, nucleotide bases "GGG" i.e three Guanine bases has been added to the sequence to give a mutated sequence: ATCGGGGGGATCCT.
Answer:
Duplication
Explanation:
What is the scale factor from A XYZ to AUVW?
?
Answers
Name the 3 types of evidence scientists use to determine Earth's History. 1. Climate change, folklore, and textbooks 2. Radioactive decay, rock layers, and hieroglyphics 3. Radioactive decay, fossils, and rock layers
Answers
One of the best form of evidence about the history of life on earth are fossils. Fossils provide us clues about major geological evets and past climates. Index fossils are useful for concluding the ages if rock layers.
Absolute dating methods determine how much time has passed after rocks formed by measuring the radioactive decay of isotopes or the effects of radiation on the crystal structure of minerals.
Answer - Option 3
The point of contact between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber is called
Answers
Answer:
The point of contact between the nerve and the muscle fibers it stimulates is called a: Neuromuscular junction. A single motor neuron with all the muscle cells it innervates is called a: Motor unit.
Explanation:
A virus is a nonliving thing,
therefore it needs which of
the following to be able to
reproduce?
A. a nonliving parasite
B. nothing at all
C. a living host
D. a special type of
plant
Answers
Answer:
c.A living host
Explanation:
it's in the book
Answer:
a living host
Explanation:
what three patterns of biodiversity did darwin observe
Answers
Answer:
Species vary globally, species vary locally, and species vary over time.
Explanation:
Darwin noticed three distinctive patterns of biological diversity.
Charles Darwin observed three patterns of biodiversity during his exploration on the voyage of the HMS Beagle and in his subsequent research:
Species Variation: Darwin noticed that within a particular species, there is a wide range of variation among individuals.
Geographical Distribution: Darwin observed that different regions of the world have distinct sets of plant and animal species.
Fossil Record: Darwin studied the fossil record and recognized that it contains evidence of extinct species that differ from those currently living.
Thus, these three patterns of biodiversity species variation, geographical distribution, and the fossil record were instrumental in shaping Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.
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Which example is a specific question that could be used to start a scientific investigation?
A. Do long droughts increase the likelihood of forest fires
B. Should there be more services to prevent forest fires
C. Are forest fires as frightening as mudslides
D. What is the most devastating effect of a forest fire
Answers
Answer:
A specific question that could be used to start a scientific investigation is A. Do long droughts increase the likelihood of forest fires. This question can be tested and answered through scientific methods and data collection.
Inflamed and swollen tendons caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint cause the condition known as
Answers
Answer:
impingement syndrome
Explanation:
I need help I don't understand this question at all can anybody that is in Earth space science help me on this question and explain it because I don't get it
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
What kind of coffee requires less pesticides, so in turn is better for insects and birds that live on the plantations?
Answers
What kind of coffee requires less pesticides, so in turn is better for insects and birds that live on the plantations? Organic or sun grown coffee
What is a coffee?Coffee is a brewed beverage made from coffee beans, which are the seeds of berries produced by specific flowering plants belonging to the Coffea genus. Unroasted green coffee is created by separating the coffee fruit's seeds, which results in a stable, uncooked product. After being roasted, the seeds are crushed into tiny particles and used to make roasted coffee, which is commonly soaked in hot water before being filtered out to create a cup of coffee.
Due mostly to the caffeine it contains, coffee is dark in color, bitter, slightly acidic, and has a stimulating impact on people.
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The activity of ____ motor proteins interaction with ______ microtubles is primarily responsible for segregation of daughter chromosomes during anaphase.
a. dynein; astral
b. dynein; kinetochore
c. kinesin; kinetochore
d. kinesin; polar
Answers
The activity of kinesin motor proteins interaction with kinetochore microtubles is primarily responsible for segregation of daughter chromosomes during anaphase. The correct answer is (c).
During anaphase of cell division, the sister chromatids of each chromosome are separated and pulled to opposite poles of the cell. This process is facilitated by microtubules, which form the spindle fibers that attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes and pull them apart.
Kinesin is a type of motor protein that interacts with microtubules and plays a key role in this process. Kinesin is responsible for moving the chromosomes along the microtubules towards the poles of the cell during anaphase.
Specifically, kinesin interacts with the microtubules at the kinetochores of the chromosomes and moves them towards the plus end of the microtubules, which are oriented towards the poles of the cell.
In contrast, dynein is another type of motor protein that interacts with microtubules, but it primarily interacts with astral microtubules that extend from the centrosomes to the cell cortex. Dynein helps to position the spindle apparatus within the cell and plays a role in spindle orientation during cell division.
Dynein can also play a role in anaphase by helping to move the spindle poles apart. However, dynein is not primarily responsible for the segregation of daughter chromosomes during anaphase.
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c. kinesin; kinetochore. During cell division, microtubules play a crucial role in separating the duplicated chromosomes into two daughter cells. Motor proteins, such as dynein and kinesin, interact with microtubules to move the chromosomes along the spindle fibers during anaphase.
Dynein is a motor protein that typically moves towards the minus end of the microtubule and interacts with astral microtubules, which are not attached to the chromosomes but extend towards the cell cortex. Dynein helps to position the spindle apparatus during cell division.
Kinesin, on the other hand, moves towards the plus end of the microtubule and interacts with kinetochores, the protein structures that assemble at the centromeres of chromosomes and attach to the spindle fibers. Kinesin helps to pull the chromosomes towards the poles of the spindle during anaphase.
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5. You are working for a Risk & Quality Design Company and are asked to compare the effect of two different fertilizers (Fertilizer A & Fertilizer B) on plant growth. Write the hypothesis statement, regarding this investigation, that would be included in your report to your boss.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
There are two major hypothesis used in scientific research; null hypothesis and alternate hypothesis. Null hypothesis is an hypothesis used in research that assumes that there is no difference between two variables or set of variables in a comparison. While alternate hypothesis is the hypothesis that is in consistent or agreement with the aim or title of an experiment.
In research, the most widely used type of hypothesis proffered in new research is the null hypothesis. The null hypothesis for the research described in the question is stated below;
There is no significant difference between the effect of the two fertilizers (fertilizer A and fertilizer B) on plant growth.
Example of multicellular organisms. Please help me
Answers
Answer:
human beings, plants, animals, birds, and insects.
Explanation:
Please mark brainiest TYSM
Below shows a process that occurs in cells. The type of building blocks represented by the letters A, B, and C in this process are:
A: Nucleotides
B: Codons
C: Amino Acids
D: Nitrogen bases
Answers
Proteins consist of strands of amino acids, which is produced in the ribosomes of the cell.
Please help battle of the beaks
Answers
In an alpha-helical protein that spans a cell membrane, _____ would likely be in the center of the membrane while _____ would likely be associated with the polar head groups and _____ would likely be associated with the aqueous environment
Answers
In an alpha-helical protein that spans a cell membrane, the hydrophobic amino acids would likely be in the center of the membrane while the hydrophilic amino acids would likely be associated with the polar head groups and the charged amino acids would likely be associated with the aqueous environment.
Alpha-helical proteins are a common structural motif found in transmembrane proteins, which span the cell membrane. These proteins consist of a chain of amino acids folded into a helical shape. The hydrophobic amino acids, such as alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan, are non-polar and do not interact well with water. Therefore, they would be positioned in the center of the membrane, away from the aqueous environment on both sides of the lipid bilayer.
On the other hand, the hydrophilic amino acids, such as serine, threonine, asparagine, glutamine, and tyrosine, have polar side chains that interact well with water. These amino acids would be associated with the polar head groups of the lipid bilayer, which are exposed to the aqueous environment on both sides of the membrane. They can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, helping to stabilize the protein structure.
Charged amino acids, such as lysine, arginine, and glutamic acid, have either a positive or negative charge. These amino acids would also be associated with the aqueous environment due to their hydrophilic nature. The charged side chains can interact with water molecules, ions, or other polar molecules in the surrounding medium.
Overall, the arrangement of hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and charged amino acids in an alpha-helical protein that spans a cell membrane allows for proper membrane insertion and stability, as well as interaction with the aqueous environment inside and outside of the cell.
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Do plants remove CO₂ from the atmosphere, or
add it back into the atmosphere?
Answers
Answer: remove CO2
Explanation:
plants take in CO2 and then convert that into oxygen which they release, so basically they convert CO2 into oxygen, not the other way around. hope this helps :)
Answer:
they add it back into the atmosphere
Explanation:
plants store back the co2 removed from the atmosphere
Before a star is born, the matter that will become the star exists as a what?
A: Cool, Dark Nebula
B: Black hole
C: Red Giant
D: Bright explosive supernova.
Answers
Answer:
A: Cool, Dark Nebula
Explanation:
Before a star is born, the matter that will become the star exists as a interstellar gas and dust. The stars are formed as a result of the force of gravity compresses atoms in the interstellar gas. Then the fusion reaction begins. During this fusion reaction the temperature gets extremely high and all the material evolves into a hot bright star.
The carbon cycle describes the process in which carbon atoms continually travel from the atmosphere to the Earth and then back into the atmosphere. Examine the model. What a
biotic components of the carbon cycle? Choose ALL that apply.
A. cows
B. trees
C. decomposers
D. soil
E. sunlight
Answers
Answer:
A, B, and C
Explanation:
These choices all play a role in the carbon cycle while being biotic, aka living organism.
A. Cows release carbon through cellar respiration and farts
B. Trees take in carbon through process of photosynthesis
C. decomposers break down dead material from plants and other organisms and release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
again all of these are biotic since they are living organisms and all contribute to the carbon cycle.
The results of an experiment are considered to be reliable if the experiment: A. creates ideas for new experiments. B. can be repeated with the same results. C. obtains results that support the hypothesis. D. can be conducted with a very simple procedure.
Answers
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Can be repeated with the same results.
Puromycin is an antibiotic. Its effect is to force the ribosome to detach from the mRNA chain before reaching the stop codon. Explain why this would have a harmful effect on a bacterium.
Answers
Answer:
Please find the explanation below
Explanation:
Transcription and translation are the two proocesess involved in gene expression. These two processes are important because the end result is a PROTEIN responsible for the phenotypic characteristics of that organism. Transcription involves synthesis of mRNA from DNA while translation involves synthesis of protein from mRNA.
In this question, an antibiotics called Puromycin forces the ribosome to detach from the mRNA chain before reaching the stop codon. This means that the antibiotics "Puromycin" abruptly truncates the translation process. Hence, proteins will not be produced. This means that the organism (bacteria) will not be functionally active because of lack of necessary PROTEINS.
Answer:
It would prevent something from oding its action, which would disrupt the process
Explanation:
Weathering and erosion energy source?
Answers
Answer:
The sun's heat energy
Explanation: