Formation of the pre-Initiation complex (PIC) for Eukaryotic transcription includes
A. TFIID binds to TATA box through its TBP
B. First TFIID binds to the promoter and then binds RNA pol I
C. TBP stands for transcription binding protein
D. All of the above
Answers
The formation of the pre-Initiation complex (PIC) for Eukaryotic transcription includes TFIID binding to TATA box through its TBP, so option A is the right option.
The pre-Initiation complex (PIC) is a multi-protein complex that is essential for the transcription of protein-coding genes in eukaryotes. The PIC is responsible for recruiting RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II) to the promoter and positioning it at the transcription start site. The PIC is assembled in a stepwise manner at the promoter, and the process is regulated by various transcription factors and co-factors.
TFIID is a key component of the PIC and is responsible for recognizing the TATA box sequence in the promoter. TFIID contains a subunit called the TATA-binding protein (TBP), which binds to the TATA box. Once TFIID has bound to the TATA box, it recruits other transcription factors and co-factors to the promoter, including TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIIE, TFIIH, and RNA pol II. TFIIA and TFIIB bind to TFIID, while TFIIE and TFIIH are recruited later in the process.
TFIIB is essential for the recruitment of RNA pol II to the promoter, and it interacts with the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA pol II. Once RNA pol II has been recruited to the promoter, the PIC undergoes a series of conformational changes, leading to the initiation of transcription. The formation of the pre-Initiation complex (PIC) for Eukaryotic transcription includes TFIID binds to the TATA box through its TBP, so option A is the correct option.
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Related Questions
A client is starting hormonal therapy with tamoxifen (Nolvadex) to lower the risk for breast cancer. What information needs to be explained by the nurse regarding the action of this drug?
a. It blocks the release of luteinizing hormone.
b. It interferes with cancer cell division.
c. It selectively blocks estrogen in the breast.
d. It inhibits DNA synthesis in rapidly dividing cells.
Answers
Tamoxifen selectively blocks estrogen in the breast, inhibiting the growth of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells.
The correct option is c. It selectively blocks estrogen in the breast.
When explaining the action of tamoxifen (Nolvadex) to the client, the nurse should provide the following information:
Tamoxifen is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs known as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). It works by selectively blocking the estrogen receptors in the breast tissue.
Estrogen is a hormone that can promote the growth of certain types of breast cancer cells. By blocking these receptors, tamoxifen helps prevent the estrogen from binding to the cancer cells and stimulating their growth.
It is important to note that tamoxifen does not completely eliminate estrogen from the body. It selectively blocks estrogen activity in the breast tissue while allowing its normal effects to continue in other parts of the body, such as the bones and uterus.
Option a is incorrect because tamoxifen does not directly affect luteinizing hormone (LH) release. LH is involved in the regulation of the menstrual cycle and ovulation, but tamoxifen's primary action is related to blocking estrogen receptors.
Option b is incorrect because tamoxifen does not directly interfere with cancer cell division. Its main mechanism of action is blocking estrogen receptors. However, by inhibiting estrogen signaling, tamoxifen indirectly slows down the growth and division of certain types of breast cancer cells.
Option d is incorrect because tamoxifen does not primarily inhibit DNA synthesis in rapidly dividing cells. While it may have some effects on cell division, its main action is through the selective blocking of estrogen receptors.
In summary, tamoxifen works by selectively blocking estrogen receptors in the breast tissue, which helps to prevent the growth and spread of estrogen-sensitive breast cancer cells.
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The difference between one amino acid and another is found in the :
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A. peptide bond
B. R group
C. carboxyl group
D. amino group
Answers
The difference between one amino acid and another is found in the R group, which is responsible for the unique characteristics and properties of each amino acid.
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and have a common structure consisting of an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), and a side chain known as the R group.The R group is the variable component of an amino acid that distinguishes it from other amino acids.Each amino acid has a unique R group, which can be a simple hydrogen atom or a complex arrangement of atoms.The R group determines the chemical properties, structure, and functionality of the amino acid.It can be hydrophobic, hydrophilic, acidic, basic, polar, nonpolar, or contain functional groups such as sulfhydryl or hydroxyl.The variation in the R group gives each amino acid its specific characteristics, interactions, and behavior within a protein.The peptide bond, formed through a condensation reaction between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid, connects amino acids together to create a protein chain.While the peptide bond is important for protein synthesis, it does not contribute to the differences between amino acids.Therefore, the primary source of distinction between one amino acid and another lies in the R group.In summary, the difference between one amino acid and another is primarily found in the R group, which determines the unique properties and characteristics of each amino acid.
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Which rock is an example of a chemical sedimentary rock?
Answers
Answer:
Limestone
Explanation:
The most common chemical sedimentary rock, by far, is limestone. Others include chert, banded iron formation, and a variety of rocks that form when bodies of water evaporate. Biological processes are important in the formation of some chemical sedimentary rocks, especially limestone and chert.
which ones are living? I will mark branilest for first answer
water
decaying log
insects
rocks
worms
trees
air
frog
Answers
Answer:
Decaying log
insects
worms
trees
frog
Worms
Trees
Frog
PLZ HALP! ;-; XC
A model skeleton is an example of
A) an analogy
B) a prototype
C) a physical model
D) a mathematical model
A limitation of a model is?
A.) Something that illustrates parts of a real-life thing.
B.) A collection of things that interact with one another.
C.) Something that makes the model better than the real-life object or system.
D.) an importany property of the real-life object or system that isn't repesented
An advantage of using a model instead of the real thing is that models?
A.) include better detail
B.) can be easier to change
C.) are much more interesting to study
D.) don't include any features of the real thing
Scientists like using models because they are often___ than real thing.
A.) more accurate
B.) more enjoyable to study
C.) cheaper and more complex
D.) cheaper and easier to work with.
The space shuttle Enterprise was a prototype because it?
A.) required complex calculations to create
B.) didn't include parts that fully functioning space shuttles had
C.) was built from a detailed drawing showing all the parts of a space shuttle
D.) compared the space shuttle with earlier spacecraft to explain what shuttles could do
The main difference between a prototype___.
A.) uses much more advanced techbology
B.) is a comparison between two different things
C.) uses complex calculations to answer a question
D.) is designsd to have some features that work like the real thing.
Some models can illustrate a system. What does the term system refer to?
A.) a collection of interacting things
B.) a set of rules or laws about things
C.) something with advantages and limitations
D.) something illustrating parts of a real-life thing.
Answers
Hi there! Hopefully this helps!
1.) A model skeleton is an example of:
C) a physical Model.
2.) A limitation of a model is?:
D) an important property of the real-life object or system that isn't represented.
3.) An advantage of using a model instead of the real thing is that models?:
B) can be easier to change.
4.) Scientists like using models because they are often___ than real thing:
D) cheaper and easier to work with.
5.) The space shuttle Enterprise was a prototype because it?:
B) didn't include parts that fully functioning space shuttles had.
6.) The main difference between a prototype:
D) is designed to have some features that work like the real thing.
7.) Some models can illustrate a system. What does the term system refer to?:
A) a collection of interacting things.
aging skeletal muscle cells are replaced by _____ as they degenerate and die.
Answers
Aging skeletal muscle cells are replaced by connective and adipose tissue as they degenerate and die. The correct answer is option A.
Skeletal muscle cells are striated muscle cells or muscle fibers that are under voluntary control. Skeletal muscle cells are multinucleated and can reach up to several centimeters in length.
They're connected together by connective tissues that form tendons and connect the muscle to bones. In adults, muscle stem cells or satellite cells are important for maintaining skeletal muscle mass.
Muscle stem cells replace dying muscle cells during growth and repair processes. However, with age, muscle stem cells become depleted and are unable to replace the dying muscle cells.
Connective tissue is a tissue that has a structural role in the body. It connects or supports other tissues and organs in the body. It's made up of cells, protein fibers, and a ground substance.
Adipose tissue is a type of connective tissue that stores energy in the form of fat. It's found under the skin and around internal organs, such as the heart and kidneys.
Adipose tissue also has other important functions in the body, including insulation and cushioning of organs. Therefore, aging skeletal muscle cells are replaced by connective and adipose tissue as they degenerate and die.
So, the correct answer is option A) Connective and adipose tissue.
The complete question is -
aging skeletal muscle cells are replaced by _____ as they degenerate and die.
A) Connective and adipose tissue
B) Connective and epithelial tissue
C) Neural and epithelial tissue
D) Adipose and endothelial tissue
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why is the surface temperature of the ocean usually greater than the temperature on the ocean floor?
A. More Photosynthetic organisms live near the surface.
B. The density of the water is higher at the surface.
C. The surface of the water receives more sunlight.
D. Salinity is higher along the surface of the water.
Answers
Answer:
B
Explanation:
people's implicit memory of how to open the front door of their house is most likely to consist of
Answers
People’s implicit memory of how to open the front door of their house can be explained in the following way: People store information about how to open their front door in their implicit memory.
This information is not explicitly remembered, but rather is unconsciously recalled when required. When the person approaches their front door, the body automatically begins to execute the necessary movements to open the door, such as reaching for the door handle, turning the handle, and pushing the door open.
This type of memory is stored in the form of procedural memories, which are memories of how to perform a certain action. People’s implicit memory of how to open the front door of their house is stored in their unconscious memory and is retrieved without conscious effort. This allows them to open the door quickly and easily, without having to think about it.
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Which of the following is generally considered to be the most serious ligament injury in the knee?
a. the posterior cruciate ligament sprain
b. the lateral collateral ligament sprain
c. the medial collateral ligament sprain
d. the anterior cruciate ligament sprain
Answers
A ligament injury of the knee refers to damage or sprain to one or more of the ligaments that support the knee joint. It is connected by four ligaments.
The Anterior Cruciate Ligament runs diagonally in the centre of the knee and helps prevent the shinbone from sliding forward in relation to the thighbone. It is commonly injured during activities involving sudden stops, changes in direction, or direct impact on the knee. the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) sprain is generally considered to be the most serious ligament injury in the knee.
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HELP 20 POINTS!
cellular respiration occurs in a cells ___________
Answers
why is the skin known to be the body's most important nonspecific defense ?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
The body's most important nonspecific defense is the skin, because it acts as a physical barrier to keep pathogens out. Even openings in the skin (such as the mouth and eyes) are protected by saliva, mucus, and tears, which contain an enzyme that breaks down bacterial cell walls.
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the bacteria present in the stomachs or intestines of humans?
a. Some stomach bacteria have been associated with cancers.
b. Intestinal bacteria can produce important vitamins.
c. Many intestinal bacteria aid in digestion.
d. Intestinal bacteria may play a role in immune system function.
e. All of these choices are correct.
Answers
All of the statements (a, b, c, and d) are true regarding the bacteria present in the stomachs or intestines of humans. so Option e is correct answer.
The bacterial populations in the stomach and intestines of humans play important roles in various aspects of our health and well-being. Firstly, some stomach bacteria have been associated with the development of certain cancers. For example, the bacterium Helicobacter pylori is linked to the development of stomach ulcers and gastric cancer.
Secondly, intestinal bacteria contribute to the production of important vitamins that our bodies cannot synthesize. These include vitamins such as vitamin K and certain B vitamins, which are crucial for various physiological processes.
Thirdly, many intestinal bacteria aid in digestion by breaking down complex carbohydrates and fiber that our bodies cannot digest on their own. These bacteria help in the fermentation process, producing beneficial byproducts such as short-chain fatty acids that provide energy to the colon cells and promote gut health.
Lastly, intestinal bacteria have been found to play a role in immune system function. They interact with the immune cells in the gut, influencing the development and maintenance of a balanced immune response.
Therefore, all of the statements mentioned in the options are correct, highlighting the diverse and important roles of bacteria in the stomachs and intestines of humans.
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tissue swelling that results from water accumulating between cells is known as
Answers
Tissue swelling that results from water accumulating between cells is known as edema.
Edema is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of excessive fluid in the spaces within tissues and cavities (interstitial spaces) of the body, leading to swelling. This swelling is usually seen in the feet, ankles, legs, or hands. It can occur in other parts of the body, too.
Edema occurs as a result of an imbalance between the forces that drive fluids out of blood vessels and those that cause fluids to move back into the blood. This results in an accumulation of fluids in the surrounding tissues.
Edema can be caused by various conditions, such as congestive heart failure, kidney disease, liver disease, and inflammation. Injuries such as sprains and strains can also cause edema.
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which statement about the genome of the virus is false?view available hint(s)for part awhich statement about the genome of the virus is false?the genome could be made of double-stranded rna.the genome could be made of double-stranded dna.the viral genome includes neither dna nor rna.the genome could be made of single-stranded rna.the genome could be made of single-stranded dna.
Answers
The false statement about the genome of the virus is: C. The viral genome includes neither DNA nor RNA. Option C is correct answer.
Viruses can have genomes composed of either DNA or RNA, so options A, B, D, and E are all true. Viral genome can be made of double-stranded RNA (option A), double-stranded DNA (option B), single-stranded RNA (option D), or single-stranded DNA (option E). These different types of genomes are found in various types of viruses.
Viral genomes can be diverse in their genetic material and structure. Some viruses have DNA genomes, while others have RNA genomes. The choice of genetic material depends on the type of virus and its replication strategy. For example, retroviruses, such as HIV, have single-stranded RNA genomes, while herpesviruses have double-stranded DNA genomes.
Understanding the genetic composition of viruses is crucial for studying their replication, evolution, and developing strategies for diagnosis and treatment.
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The Complete question is
which statement about the genome of the virus is false?view available hint(s)for part awhich statement about the genome of the virus is false?
A. the genome could be made of double-stranded rna.
B. the genome could be made of double-stranded dna.
C. the viral genome includes neither dna nor rna.
D. the genome could be made of single-stranded rna.
E. the genome could be made of single-stranded dna.
Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules collectively
ake up what part of the cell? *
A.) cytoskeleton
B.) nuclear envelope
C.) chromatin
D.) nucleus
Answers
Because protein fibers the cytoskeleton. There are three types of fibers within the cytoskeleton: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules
Why is the international system of measurement helpful?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
The principle behind the International System of Units is to provide the same values for measurements such as length, weight, and time no matter where in the world measurement is performed.
what is meant my urbanization and industrialization? How they degrade the environment
Answers
what will the regulatory authority hold a restaurant manager accountable for in regard to food safety?
Answers
A regulatory authority will hold a restaurant manager accountable for ensuring that the food served to customers is safe and prepared in compliance with food safety regulations.
Specifically, a restaurant manager may be held accountable for ensuring that the kitchen and food storage areas are clean and sanitary, that food is cooked to appropriate temperatures, that proper food handling and storage procedures are followed, and that employees receive adequate training on food safety practices.
Failure to comply with food safety regulations can result in fines, closure of the establishment, and even legal action in cases of foodborne illness outbreaks. The regulatory authority will hold a restaurant manager accountable for ensuring compliance with food safety regulations and standards.
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This is released by the weathering of rocks.
A. Nitrogen
B. Carbon
C. Phosphorus
D.Oxygen
please help, an struggling.
Answers
Answer:
B
explanation:
because the movement of the carbon from the atmosphere to the lithosphere began with rain
Phosphorus is the released by the weathering of the rocks. Thus, the correct option is C.
What is weathering of rocks?Weathering is the breaking down or the dissolving of rocks and other minerals on the Earth's surface. Once a rock has been broken down into smaller pieces, a process called as erosion transports the bits of the rocks and minerals away from it. Water, acids, salt, plants, animals, and changes in the temperature are all the agents of weathering and erosion of soil and other minerals.
The weathering of rocks is affected by the exogenic forces. The physical forces such as temperature and humidity, chemical forces such as oxidation and carbonation, and biological forces such as burrowing by the animals and human activities are significant factors of weathering.
Phosphorus is released through the weathering of rocks.
Therefore, the correct option is C.
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Which states the sequence of contractions in one heart beat?
A)
left atrium and left ventricle together, pause, right atrium and right ventricle together
B)
left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, right ventricle, pause
C)
right atrium and left atrium together, right ventricle and left ventricle together, pause
D)
right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle, pause
Answers
Cell process and transport toturial
Answers
Explain how cellular respiration and photosynthesis work together in plants.
Answers
Answer:
teamwork makes the dream work
Answer:
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are connected through an important relationship. This relationship enables life to survive as we know it. The products of one process are the reactants of the other. Notice that the equation for cellular respiration is the direct opposite of photosynthesis:
Cellular Respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6+ 6O2
Explanation:
(basic other info, they use sugars, co2, sunlight, and water)
Calculate the acceleration of a ball has been dropped from the roof. It accelerates from 10 m/s to 30 m/s in 2 sec. 1 point 15 m/s/s 10 m/s/s 5 m/s/s
Answers
Answer:
10 m/s/s or m/s²
Explanation:
Acceleration can be calculated by using the formula;
a = v - u/t
Where;
a = acceleration (m/s²)
v = final velocity (m/s)
u = initial velocity (m/s)
t = time (s)
In other terms, acceleration (a) can be represented as ∆V/t.
According to this question, a ball accelerates from 10 m/s (u) to 30 m/s (v) in 2 seconds. Hence, the acceleration of the ball is as follows:
a = 30 - 10/2
a = 20/2
a = 10m/s².
1. A pot of boiling water is first headed at the bottom, and then as the warmer water rises and mixes, the
water is heated throughout. Which form of energy transfer is this?
Answers
BTW:
The metal of the pot on a flame or electric element is heated by conduction.
The body protects itself from the cold by dilating the blood vessels and increasing blood flow
a. True
b. False
Answers
Answer: B false
Blood vessels can shrink down again - vasoconstriction. This reduces heat loss through the skin once the body's temperature has returned to normal.
vesicle containing oxidase enzymes
Answers
A vesicle containing oxidase enzymes refers to a small, membrane-bound compartment within a cell that holds and transports oxidase enzymes.
Oxidase enzymes are involved in cellular respiration and play a crucial role in generating energy for the cell through the process of oxygen consumption. The vesicle helps to compartmentalize the enzymes, ensuring that they are in the right place at the right time to perform their function effectively. The vesicle is formed from the cell membrane and can be transported within the cell or to other cells through a process known as exocytosis.
By using vesicles to transport enzymes, cells can regulate their metabolic processes and maintain the proper balance of chemical reactions.
"
Complete question
Vesicle containing oxidase enzymes refers to what.
"
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what is the characteristics of bee
Answers
• have 5 eyes
• been around for 30 million years
• can fly at a speed of 20mph
• have 6 legs
• an average beehive can hold around 50,000 bees
when two species compete for resources, the fitness of
Answers
When two species compete for resources, (b) both species will decline in fitness. This is because competition takes up energy and resources that could otherwise be used for reproduction and survival.
The better competitor may be able to survive and reproduce more successfully than the poorer competitor, but both species will be less fit than they would be if they did not compete.
Competition for resources is a zero-sum game. This means that one species' gain in resources comes at the expense of the other species' loss of resources. As a result, both species will have to expend more energy and resources to compete, which will leave them less energy and resources for reproduction and survival. This will lead to a decline in the fitness of both species.
The decline in fitness may be more pronounced in the poorer competitor, but both species will be less fit than they would be if they did not compete. For example, two species of birds competing for the same food source may have to spend more time and energy searching for food, which will leave them less time and energy for reproduction and survival. This will lead to a decline in the fitness of both species, even if the better competitor is able to survive and reproduce more successfully.
In some cases, competition for resources can lead to the extinction of one or both species. For example, two species of bacteria competing for the same antibiotic may become resistant to the antibiotic, which will make them more difficult to treat. If one of the species is unable to develop resistance, it may become extinct.
Overall, competition for resources is a negative interaction that can lead to a decline in the fitness of both species involved.
Therefore, (b) both species will decline is the correct answer.
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Complete question :
When two species compete for resources, the fitness of:
(a) both competitors will remain the same.
(b) both species will decline.
(c) only the poor competitor will decrease.
(d) only the better competitor will increase.
Tritium (3H) is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen, which is used to label biological molecules. 3H-uridine and 3H-thymidine are used to label nucleic acids in living cells. The way labeling is done is as follows: (1) radioactivity is added to the cells for a defined period of time; (2) cells are "fixed" (fixed means killed instantly, such that the molecules within the cells stop moving around immediately and essentially "freeze" in place); (3) radioactivity, which has not been incorporated into macromolecues is washed away; (4) radioactivity that has been incorporated into macromolecules is detected. Would radioactivity be localized in the nucleus or in the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells subjected to the following treatments?
(a) 3H-uridine added for 1 minute, after which cells are fixed immediately.
b) 3H-thymidine added for 1 minute, after which cells are fixed immediately.
c) 3H-uridine added for 1 minute → wait 2 hours → cells are fixed.
d) 3H-thymidine added for 1 minute → wait 2 hours → cells are fixed.
e) In eukaryotic cells, DNA is stored in the nucleus, while protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm. Francis Crick and colleagues proposed there must be a messenger that physically carries the information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. A combination of which two results above could you use to argue that RNA acts as such messenger?
Answers
a. The radioactivity would be localized in the nucleus or in the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells subjected to the following treatments in eukaryotic cells, DNA is stored in the nucleus, while protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm (Option E).
b. A combination of two results above could you use to argue that RNA acts as such messenger is 3H-uridine added for 1 minute, after which cells are fixed immediately, 3H-thymidine added for 1 minute, after which cells are fixed immediately, and 3H-uridine added for 1 minute, followed by waiting for 2 hours, then cells are fixed.
The addition of 3H-uridine for 1 minute and immediate fixation causes radioactivity to localize in the nucleus. This is because uridine is incorporated into RNA, which is synthesized in the nucleus.
When 3H-thymidine is added for 1 minute, and the cells are fixed immediately, the radioactivity localizes in the nucleus. Thymidine is incorporated into DNA, which is synthesized in the nucleus.
When 3H-uridine is added for 1 minute, and the cells are fixed after 2 hours, the radioactivity is evenly distributed throughout the cell, including both the nucleus and cytoplasm. RNA synthesis occurs in the nucleus, but RNA is transported to the cytoplasm for translation into proteins.
When 3H-thymidine is added for 1 minute and cells are fixed after 2 hours, the radioactivity remains in the nucleus. This is because DNA replication only occurs in the nucleus.
RNA could act as such messenger when we use the result of (c), 3H-uridine added for 1 minute, followed by waiting for 2 hours, then cells are fixed. This is because RNA is synthesized in the nucleus, but it is transported to the cytoplasm for translation into proteins.
Therefore, the fact that the radioactivity is distributed throughout the cell suggests that RNA is involved in the transport of information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
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ANSWER AND ILL GIVE BRAINLIEST AND 70 POINTS!!!
