For the circuit in Figure 1, calculate: a) Pod b) Pie c) %n d) Power dissipated by both output transistors. Marking Scheme: 1. Calculation using correct Formulae 2. Simulation using any available software V₂ 18 V. 100 F 100 R₁ 10022 +Vcc (+40V) G R₂ 100 (2 R₂

The length of the box that absorbs the light is;

L =6.74 × 10^(-10) m

Given;

Longest wavelength of spectrum; λ = 500 nm = 500 × 10^(-9) m

The formula for energy of quantization is;

E = h²n²/8mL²

Also, Energy of a photon is;

E = hc/λ

Thus;

hc/λ = h²n²/8mL²

h will cancel out to give;

c/λ = hn²/8mL²

Where;

h is Planck's constant = 6.626 × 10^(-34) m².kg/s

c is speed of light = 3 × 10^(8) m/s

λ is wavelength = 500 × 10^(-9) m

L is length of box

m is mass of electron = 9.11 × 10^(-31) kg

n² is difference in energy levels = (2² - 1²) = 3

Making L the subject gives;

L = √(hn²λ/8mc)

Thus;

L = √((6.626 × 10^(-34) × 3 × 500 × 10^(-9))/(8 × 9.11 × 10^(-31) × 3 × 10^(8))

L = √(4.5458287596 × 10^(-19))

L = 6.74 × 10^(-10) m

The electron is a subatomic  particle with a bad one standard electric charge. Electrons belong to the primary technology of the lepton particle own family, and are typically thought to be fundamental particles because they have no recognized additives or substructure.

For most realistic purposes, an electron is a structureless particle with an intrinsic angular momentum, or spin. simply two numbers — the electron's mass and its electric price — gasoline the equations that describe its behaviour. From this 'sensible electron' version, physicists constructed present day microelectronics.

By using the best values for the wave-length and the scattering by matter of tough X-rays and ?-rays, the radius of the electron is anticipated as approximately 2 × 10^-10 cm.

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The correct answer is, length = 6.74 × 10⁻¹⁰ m

Data given to us;

Longest wavelength of spectrum; λ = 500 nm = 500 × 10⁻⁹ m

The formula for energy of quantization is;

E = h²n²/8mL²

Energy of the proton can be calculated by

E = hc/λ

hc/λ = h²n²/8mL²

c/λ = hn²/8mL²

Where;

h = Planck's constant = 6.626 × 10⁻³⁴ m².kg/s

c = speed of light = 3 × 10⁸ m/s

λ = wavelength = 500 × 10⁻⁹ m

L = length of box

m = mass of electron = 9.11 × 10⁻³¹ kg

n² = difference in energy levels = (2² - 1²) = 3

We can find the length easily by the above formula,

L = √(hn²λ/8mc)

L = √((6.626 × 10⁻³⁴ × 3 × 500 × 10⁻⁹)/(8 × 9.11 × 10⁻³¹× 3 × 10⁸)

L = √(4.5458287596 × 10⁻¹⁹

L = 6.74 × 10⁻¹⁰ m

Therefore, the length of the box is 6.74 × 10⁻¹⁰ m.

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a. The ball was in the air for 5.53 seconds.

b. The initial velocity of the ball is 54.194 m/s

c. The final velocity of the ball in the y direction is -54.194 m/s

d. The x component of the initial velocity is 50.926 m/s, and the y component is 18.534 m/s.

To solve these questions, we can use the equations of motion for projectile motion. Let's assume the acceleration due to gravity is -9.8 m/\(s^2\) (taking downward as the negative direction).

a. To find the time the ball was in the air, we can use the equation:

Δy = v_iy * t + (1/2) * a_y * \(t^2\)

Where Δy is the vertical displacement, v_iy is the initial vertical velocity, a_y is the vertical acceleration, and t is the time.

Since the ball was dropped from rest, its initial vertical velocity is 0 m/s, and the vertical displacement is -150 m (negative because it is going downward).

-150 = 0 * t + (1/2) * (-9.8) * \(t^2\)

Simplifying the equation and solving for t, we get:

4.9 * \(t^2\) = 150

\(t^2\) = 150 / 4.9

t ≈ 5.53 seconds

Therefore, the ball was in the air for approximately 5.53 seconds.

b. To find the initial velocity of the ball, we can use the equation:

v_fy = v_iy + a_y * t

Where v_fy is the final vertical velocity.

Since the ball lands 30 m away, its final vertical displacement is 0 m, and the time is 5.53 seconds.

0 = v_iy + (-9.8) * 5.53

Solving for v_iy, we get:

v_iy = 9.8 * 5.53

v_iy ≈ 54.194 m/s

Therefore, the initial velocity of the ball is approximately 54.194 m/s.

c. The final velocity of the ball in the y direction is the same as the initial velocity because the only force acting on it is gravity, which causes a constant acceleration. Therefore, the final velocity in the y direction is approximately -54.194 m/s (negative due to the downward direction).

d. When the ball is kicked off the building at an angle of 20 degrees below the horizontal, we need to find the x and y components of the initial velocity.

The magnitude of the initial velocity (from part b) is 54.194 m/s.

The x component of the initial velocity can be found using:

v_ix = v_i * cos(θ)

Where θ is the angle of 20 degrees below the horizontal.

v_ix = 54.194 * cos(20)

v_ix ≈ 50.926 m/s

The y component of the initial velocity can be found using:

v_iy = v_i * sin(θ)

v_iy = 54.194 * sin(20)

v_iy ≈  18.534 m/s

Therefore, the x component of the initial velocity is approximately 50.926 m/s, and the y component is approximately 18.534 m/s.

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The question was Incomplete, Find the full content below:

A soccer ball is kicked off a 150 m tall building and lands 30 m away.

a. How long was the ball in the air?

b. What was the initial velocity of the ball?

C. What is the final velocity of the ball in the y direction?

d. Assume the ball has the same speed as you solved for in part b except it is kicked off the building at an angle of 20 degrees below the horizontal. What is the x component of the initial velocity? What is the y component of the initial velocity?

The acceleration of the block is 6.4 m/s².

To calculate the acceleration of the block, we need to consider the forces acting on it.

The applied force is 40 N, and since it is the only horizontal force in the direction of motion, it is the net force acting on the block.

The frictional force opposing the motion is 8 N.

The acceleration, we can use Newton's second law, which states that the net force acting on an object is equal to its mass multiplied by its acceleration (F = ma).

The net force is the difference between the applied force and the frictional force:

40 N - 8 N = 32 N.

Now, we can plug the values into Newton's second law:

32 N = 5 kg × a.

Solving for the acceleration (a), we get

a = 32 N / 5 kg

a = 6.4 m/s².

Therefore, the acceleration of the block is 6.4 m/s².

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Answer: Hydrostatic equilibrium in the Sun means that pressure balances the weight of overlying layers.

Explanation: To find the answer, we have to know more about the Hydrostatic equilibrium in sun.

Thus, we can conclude that, the Hydrostatic equilibrium in the Sun means that pressure balances the weight of overlying layers.

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The half-life of 40K is approximately 1.3 billion years. Given a ratio of 40Ar/40K as 3/1 in a granite sample, we can estimate the age of the sample by understanding the decay process.  Based on the given 40Ar/40K ratio, the age of the sample is approximately 650 million years.

Since the half-life of 40K is 1.3 billion years, this means that after each half-life, half of the 40K atoms will have decayed into 40Ar. Therefore, if the ratio of 40Ar/40K is 3/1, it suggests that three-quarters (or 75%) of the original 40K atoms have decayed into 40Ar.

To determine the age, we can calculate the number of half-lives that have occurred based on the remaining 25% of 40K. Since each half-life is 1.3 billion years, dividing the remaining 25% by 50% (half) gives us 0.5. Thus, the sample has undergone 0.5 half-lives.

Multiplying 0.5 by the half-life of 1.3 billion years gives us an estimated age of 0.65 billion years, or 650 million years, for the granite sample.

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Answer:

The circuit in series has a greater resistance.

Explanation:

The current is forced to flow throw two resistors instead of just one as it if it were in parallel.

Based on this knowledge,he is  most justified in concluding that the   originates between the Sun and the asteroid belt.

Comets are frozen leftovers from the formation of the solar system composed of dust, rock, and ices. They variety from a few miles to tens of miles wide, however as they orbit in the direction of the sun, they warmth up and spew gases and dirt right into a sparkling head that can be large than a planet. This cloth bureaucracy a tail that stretches thousands and thousands of miles.

Asteroids lack the magnetic area and atmosphere that shield us on earth from harm. Living internal an asteroid is one way to defend your self from harmful radiation, it is expected that by tunneling 100 meters deep beneath an asteroid, people would be sufficiently shielded from radiation.

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Answer:

mass 3.67 kg, density 600 kg/m3) is fitted

with lead (density 1.14 * 10^4 kg/m3) so that it floats in water with

0.900 of its volume submerged. Find the lead mass if the lead is fitted

to the block’s (a) top and (b) bottom.

The violation is a third-degree felony is Reproduction or theft of a real estate license exam, option C.

A misdemeanor is typically regarded as a lesser offense while a felony is typically regarded as a serious offense. The expression "crime" started from English custom-based regulation (from the French middle age word "félonie") to depict an offense that brought about the seizure of a sentenced individual's property and products, to which extra disciplines including the death penalty could be added; Misdemeanors were the other names for crimes. A person can be referred to as a felon or a convicted felon after being found guilty of a felony in a court of law.

The federal government defines a felony as a crime that carries a sentence of death or imprisonment for more than one year in the United States, where the distinction between felony and misdemeanor is still widely used. It is considered a misdemeanor if the penalty is less than one year. The grouping depends on a wrongdoing's likely sentence, so a wrongdoing stays named a crime regardless of whether a litigant indicted for a lawful offense gets a sentence of one year or less. Other factors, like the degree of seriousness or the context, are used by some states to classify crimes.

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Complete question:

Which violation is a third-degree felony?

A) Provide inaccurate and out-of-date rental information for compensation

B) Failure to account for and deliver escrow funds

C) Reproduction or theft of a real estate license exam

D) False and misleading advertising

The relative velocity with respect to my friend is 32.7 m/s.

We need to know about relative velocity to solve this problem. The relative velocity depends on the object and observer velocity. It can be written as

v = vo ± v'

where v is relative velocity, vo is object velocity and v' is observer velocity.

From the question above, we know that

vo = 29 m/s

v' = 3.7 m/s

The velocity will be added each other because the direction of the observer is different from the object.

v = vo + v'

v = 29 + 3.7

v = 32.7 m/s

Hence, the relative velocity with respect to my friend is 32.7 m/s.

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Answer:

i dont know

Explanation:

hello

The expected wavelength at which spinach leaf extract would absorb the least light is around 660 nm, corresponding to the color red.

In the spectrophotometer experiment, the absorption spectrum of a substance, such as the spinach leaf extract, is determined by measuring the amount of light absorbed at different wavelengths. The absorption spectrum indicates the wavelengths at which the substance absorbs light most strongly and least strongly.

In the case of spinach leaf extract, chlorophyll is the primary pigment responsible for absorption. Chlorophyll absorbs light most strongly in the blue and red regions of the visible spectrum, while reflecting or transmitting green light, which is why plants appear green to our eyes.

Based on the absorption characteristics of chlorophyll, it is expected that the spinach leaf extract would absorb the least light, and therefore have the lowest absorbance, at a wavelength around 660 nm, corresponding to the color red. At this wavelength, chlorophyll absorbs less light, allowing more of it to be transmitted or reflected, resulting in lower absorption readings in the spectrophotometer.

It is important to note that the exact wavelength at which the spinach leaf extract absorbs the least light may vary depending on the specific sample and experimental conditions, but it generally falls within the red region of the spectrum.

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One statement that is not true is that UV radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation. It is also a type of ionizing radiation. UV radiation is actually a form of non-ionizing radiation.

UV radiation, or ultraviolet radiation, is a type of electromagnetic radiation that falls between visible light and X-rays on the electromagnetic spectrum. It is often categorized into three types: UVA, UVB, and UVC. Unlike ionizing radiation, such as X-rays and gamma rays, which have enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms or molecules, UV radiation lacks the necessary energy to ionize atoms or molecules. Instead, it primarily interacts with the outermost electrons of atoms or molecules, leading to chemical reactions and causing biological effects.

UV radiation is commonly associated with sunlight and has various effects on living organisms and materials. It can cause sunburn, premature aging of the skin, and an increased risk of skin cancer. Exposure to excessive UV radiation can also damage the eyes and impair the immune system. It is important to protect oneself from excessive UV exposure by wearing sunscreen, protective clothing, and sunglasses.

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Answer:

+27.29

Explanation:

To solve this problem we must use the following equation of kinematics.

\(v_{f}^{2} =v_{o}^{2}+2*g*x\)

where:

Vf = final velocity [m/s]

Vo = initial velocity = 0 ( the ball is dropped)

g = gravity acceleration = 9.81 [m/s²]

x = distance = 38 [m]

Vf² = 0 + (2*9.81*38)

\(v_{f}=\sqrt{2*9.81*38} \\ v_{f} = 27.3 [m/s]\)

If the neutrino is in a specific quantum state, the probability of observing it as an electron neutrino would depend on the state's composition and the detector's characteristics.

Without knowing the specific state, it is not possible to calculate the probability. In quantum mechanics, a quantum state represents the physical state of a quantum system. It contains all the information that can be known about the system, including its position, momentum, and other physical properties. Quantum states are typically represented by mathematical objects called wave functions, which describe the probability of finding the system in a particular state. Quantum states can also be described using quantum numbers, which are integer or half-integer values that specify the properties of the system. The concept of superposition, where a system exists in multiple states simultaneously, is a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics. The measurement of a quantum state collapses the system into a single state, according to the probabilities described by the wave function. The study of quantum states has led to many technological innovations, including quantum computing and cryptography.

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Answer:

The bullet was 0.52 seconds in the air.

Explanation:

Horizontal Motion

It occurs when an object is thrown horizontally with a speed v from a height h.

The object describes a curved path ruled exclusively by gravity until it hits the ground.

To calculate the time the object takes to hit the ground, we use the following equation:

\(\displaystyle t=\sqrt{\frac{2y}{g}}\)

Note it doesn't depend on the initial velocity but on the height.

The bullet is fired horizontally at h=1.3 m, thus:

\(\displaystyle t=\sqrt{\frac{2\cdot 1.3}{9.8}}\)

\(\displaystyle t=\sqrt{\frac{2.6}{9.8}}\)

t = 0.52 s

The bullet was 0.52 seconds in the air.

Any substance on this earth is directly dependent on the gravitational force. The bullet fired horizontally will also faced the gravitational pull force.

To calculate the time the object takes to hit the ground, we use the following equation:-

\(t=\sqrt\frac{2y}{g}\)

The bullet is travelling in the air hence it does not depend on the velocity bt the mass. The height taken by the bullet is h=1.3m.

After putting the value to the equation, the answer will be as follows:-

\(t=\sqrt\frac{2*1.3}{9.8}\)

After solving the equation the value of time is 0.52 seconds

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The total required area of the heat exchanger decreases with increasing tube diameter.

When designing a single tube-pass heat exchanger to heat water by condensing steam in the shell, the total required area of the exchanger is influenced by the tube diameter selected. In this scenario, the water flows through smooth horizontal tubes in a turbulent flow while the steam is condensed dropwise in the shell.

The tube diameter plays a significant role in determining the total required area of the exchanger. As the tube diameter increases, the cross-sectional area for water flow also increases. This results in a higher flow area for the water, reducing its velocity. With reduced velocity, the water spends more time in contact with the tube wall, leading to a greater heat transfer rate.

As the heat transfer rate increases, the overall heat transfer efficiency improves, and consequently, the required area of the exchanger decreases. This is because larger tube diameters provide a larger heat transfer surface area, allowing for more efficient heat exchange between the water and the steam.

The effect of tube diameter on the total required area in a single tube-pass heat exchanger can be explained by considering the fluid dynamics and heat transfer processes involved. The increase in tube diameter allows for a larger cross-sectional area, which leads to a decrease in water velocity. This reduced velocity enhances the contact time between the water and the tube wall, facilitating better heat transfer.

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The potential energy decreases, converted to kinetic energy. velocity is increasing and potential energy is decreasing.

velocity is a term that describes the speed and direction of a point's motion. For example, a circular path's direction is always perpendicular to a lines from the point to the circle's center. A point always travels in a position that is tangential to its path (a radius). An object's ultimate velocity can be expressed as: v = u + at, where v is the final velocity. The ultimate velocity of an boody is equivalent to its original velocity with acceleration directly proportional to the displacement it traveled.

Speed is a scalar since it simply has a defined magnitude and no defined direction. A vector quantity with both magnitude and direction is velocity.

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Answer:

Explanation:

It's not equal and opposite. You're thinking of Newton's 3rd Law. This is not that. This is gravitational attraction between 2 objects. We can figure out mathematically the pull that the earth has on a single person, by using the equation for gravitational force and the universal gravitational constant, G:

\(F_g=\frac{Gm_1m_2}{r^2}\) where G is the universal gravitational constant, m1 is the mass of one person, m2 is the mass of the earth, and r-squared is the addition of the radius of the earth plus the radius of you in relation to the surface of the earth.

Let's say a person weighs 150 pounds; in Newtons this is 667 N (rounded from 667.233); his mass then, in terms of the metric system (using 9.8 for gravity), is 68.2 kg. Let's also say that this person is 6 feet tall. 6 feet is the same as 1.83 m (rounded to 3 sig fig's) and the radius from that person's center to the surface of the earth would be about half that height at r = .915 meters. Filling in the formula:

\(F_g=\frac{(6.67*10^{-11})(68.2)(5.98*10^{24})}{(6.38*10^6)^2}\) it turns out that the person's radius adds nothing significantly to the radius of the earth, so it doesn't even count mathematically. It's way too small compared to the earth's radius (which is the denominator of that equation). We find that

\(F_g=668N\) That's the pull that the earth has on that person which, not coincidentally, is the weight in pounds we said that the person was. Isn't physics amazing!?

Answer: C

Displacement 0 km Distance 8 km,

Explanation:

Given that You run from your house to a friend's house that is 4 km away. You then walk home. Either you run or walk both displacement and distance covered are concerned about the length covered.

The distance will be only the magnitude of the length covered.

The distance = 4 + 4 = 8km

While the displacement will comprise the magnitude of the length covered by considering the direction

Displacement = 4 - 4 = 0

Therefore, the correct answer is

Displacement 0 km Distance 8 km,

Which is option C

Answer: "Most of the light waves are reflected", might be the correct answer.

Explanation: it might be the correct answer because the light waves spread out from the source in all directions, and upon striking a mirror, are reflected at an angle determined by the angle at which the light arrives. The reflection process inverts each wave back-to-front, which is why a reverse image is observed.

Answer:

most light waves are reflected

explanation:

when light hits a mirror it bounces back at the same angle it hit this is called reflection refraction on the other hand Refraction is the bending of light

Image result for what is refraction of light

Refraction is the bending of light

Answer: He's a superhero in a fictional world

Explanation: Superheroes, such as Superman and Flash, defy physics because they were created as a form of entertainment. The DC world isn't realistic. Don't think too much on it.

When a brass rod is encased in aluminum  its  speed of a sound wave increases when it passes though the rod and moves from the brass into the aluminum.

speed of sound in solids > speed of sound in liquids > speed of sound in gases.

So, sound travel faster in solids because the molecules are more closer in the solid state.

solid and liquid are less compressible than gas so liquids and solids have much greater bulk modulus than that of gases.

Thus the speed of sound increases when it travel from gases to solids state.

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The surface charge density on the inner spherical surface is closest to -299.6 nC/m^2.

The electric flux through the Gaussian surface is given by, Φ = E · A, where, Φ is the electric flux, E is the electric field and A is the area of the Gaussian surface. Since the electric field is radial and has the same magnitude at any point on the Gaussian surface,

Φ = E · 4πr^2

The charge enclosed by the Gaussian surface is,

Q = q + Qs

q is the charge on the point charge at the center (300 nC)

Qs is the charge on the conducting shell.

Using Gauss's law, Φ = Q / ε0

Substituting the expressions for Φ, Q, and E,

E · 4πr^2 = (q + Qs) / ε0

Solving for E,

E = (q + Qs) / (4πε0r^2)

The charge on the conducting shell is related to the surface charge density (σ) by, Qs = σ · As, where As is the surface area of the inner spherical surface. Substituting the expression for Qs, E = (q + σ · As) / (4πε0r^2)

The electric field must be zero at r = 0.8 m and r = 1.2 m since it is inside the conducting shell.

0 = (q + σ · As) / (4πε0 · 0.8^2)

0 = (q + σ · As) / (4πε0 · 1.2^2)

σ · As = -q / 4πε0 = -7500 nC/m^2

The surface area of the inner spherical surface is,

As = 4πr^2 = 4π · (0.8 m)^2 = 8π/5 m^2

Substituting this value,

σ = (-7500 nC/m^2) / (8π/5 m^2) ≈ -299.6 nC/m^2

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The Phone hits the roof of the Boat with a velocity of 22.6 m/s.

As this motion is under gravity so it is a free fall, it means we can use the equations of motion here,

The total vertical distance covered H by the phone will be,

Height above the sea level - height of the roof of the boat underneath.

= 33m - 7m

= 26m.

The net acceleration g of the phone is 9.8 m/s².

The initial velocity U of the phone is zero because it was dropped.

Applying the equation, we can find the Final velocity of the phone,

V²- U² = 2gH

V² = 2gH

V² = 2*26*9.8

V² = 509.6 m/s

V = 22.6 m/s.

SO, the phone hits the roof with velocity of 22.6 m/s.

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The magnitude of the electrostatic force that two electrons separated by 1.0 nm exert on each other is approximately 2.307 x 10^-9 N.

To calculate the electrostatic force between two electrons, we use Coulomb's law:
F = (k * q1 * q2) / r^2
where F is the force, k is the electrostatic constant (8.9875 x 10^9 N m^2 C^-2), q1 and q2 are the charges of the two electrons, and r is the distance between them.
1. Convert the distance from nanometers to meters: 1.0 nm = 1.0 x 10^-9 m.
2. Find the charge of an electron: q = -1.602 x 10^-19 C.
3. Plug the values into Coulomb's law equation:
F = (8.9875 x 10^9 N m^2 C^-2 * (-1.602 x 10^-19 C) * (-1.602 x 10^-19 C)) / (1.0 x 10^-9 m)^2
4. Calculate the force:
F ≈ 2.307 x 10^-9 N
So, the magnitude of the electrostatic force between two electrons separated by 1.0 nm is approximately 2.307 x 10^-9 N.

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The correct match of the descriptions to the below people are 23 - F, 24 - H, 25 - D, 26 - I, 27 - A, 28 - B.

23 - F Galileo: Galileo Galilei is credited with discovering the phases of Venus using a telescope. Through his observations, he observed that Venus went through a series of phases similar to those of the Moon, which supported the heliocentric model of the solar system.

24 - H Kepler: Johannes Kepler was the first to consider ellipses as orbits. He formulated the laws of planetary motion, known as Kepler's laws, which stated that planets move in elliptical paths with the Sun at one of the foci. Kepler's work revolutionized our understanding of celestial mechanics.

25 - D Aristotle: Aristotle, the ancient Greek philosopher, is considered one of the foremost thinkers in history. While his contributions span various fields, including philosophy and natural sciences, his views on astronomy were geocentric. He believed that the Earth was the center of the universe and that celestial bodies moved in perfect circles around it.

26 - I Nicolaus Copernicus: Nicolaus Copernicus was an astronomer who proposed the heliocentric model of the solar system, in which the Sun, rather than the Earth, was at the center. Copernicus's revolutionary idea challenged the prevailing geocentric view and laid the foundation for modern astronomy.

27 - A Eratosthenes: Eratosthenes was an ancient Greek mathematician and astronomer who made significant contributions to geography and astronomy. He is known for his accurate measurement of the Earth's circumference. By measuring the angle of the Sun's rays at two different locations, he estimated the Earth's circumference with remarkable accuracy.

28 - B Aristarchus: Aristarchus of Samos is credited with developing the first predictive model of the solar system. He proposed a heliocentric model centuries before Copernicus, suggesting that the Sun was at the center of the universe, with the Earth and other planets orbiting it. Aristarchus's model was a significant departure from the prevalent geocentric view of the time.

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The correct answer is (a) I, II and III.

Explanation:

I. Angular speed is defined as the angle swept by the satellite per unit time, which is given by ω = v/R. Therefore, the statement is true.

II. Tangential acceleration is the rate of change of tangential velocity. Since the speed of the satellite is constant, its tangential velocity does not change and hence its tangential acceleration is zero. Therefore, the statement is true.

III. Centripetal acceleration is the acceleration towards the center of the circle. It is given by a = v^2/R. Since the speed of the satellite is constant, the magnitude of its centripetal acceleration is also constant. Therefore, the statement is true.

Hence, all statements are true and the correct answer is (a) I, II and III.
The correct answer is (a) I, II, and III.

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