Explain the effect of pandemic on cigarette industries using economic theory, real life data and illustrate it on a diagram. Explain the effect of pandemic on negative externality. (10 marks) This is the analysis of your case study where you need to analyse the effect of pandemic on market outcomes (i.e. price and quantity), provide relevant information, use tables, diagrams where appropriate. You should use real data as much as possible.
Answers
The effect of the pandemic on the cigarette industry can be analyzed using economic theory and real-life data. Demand and Consumption: During the pandemic, various factors influenced the demand for cigarettes. Economic downturns and job losses may have reduced disposable income and led to a decline in overall cigarette consumption.
Additionally, health concerns and increased awareness about respiratory health may have motivated some smokers to quit or reduce their cigarette consumption.
Price and Quantity: The reduced demand for cigarettes during the pandemic may have resulted in a decrease in both the price and quantity supplied. Lower demand puts downward pressure on prices, as producers adjust to a smaller market. Real-life data from tobacco industry reports or government statistics can provide specific information on changes in cigarette prices and sales volumes during the pandemic.
Negative Externality: Cigarette smoking is associated with negative externalities such as secondhand smoke and increased healthcare costs. The pandemic may have heightened awareness of these negative externalities, leading to stronger public health campaigns and regulations targeting tobacco use. These measures may have further influenced cigarette consumption and market outcomes.
Diagram: A demand and supply diagram can illustrate the effects of the pandemic on the cigarette industry. The demand curve would shift leftward due to reduced demand, resulting in a lower equilibrium quantity and potentially a lower equilibrium price. The diagram can visually represent the changes in market outcomes and provide a clearer understanding of the impact of the pandemic on the cigarette industry.
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Related Questions
during the 1980's, the price of one share of Johnson and Johnson stock rose from $17 1/4 to $56 1/8. how much money would you have made if you bought 100 shares of Johnson & Johnson stock in 1980 and sold it in 1989?
Answers
Given:
Price of one share in 1980 = $\(17\dfrac14\)
Price of one share in 1989 = $\(56\dfrac18\).
To find:
How much money would you have made if you bought 100 shares of Johnson & Johnson stock in 1980 and sold it in 1989?
Explanation:
Using the given information,
Change in the value of each share = \(56\dfrac18-17\dfrac14\)
= \(\dfrac{448+1}{8}-\dfrac\dfrac{68+1}{4}\)
= \(\dfrac{449}{8}-\dfrac\dfrac{69}{4}\)
= \(\dfrac{449-138}{8}\)
= \(\dfrac{311}{8}\)
Value of one share increased by $\(\dfrac{311}{8}\).
Value of 100 shares increased by = \(100\times \dfrac{311}{8}\)
= \(\dfrac{31100}{8}\)
= \(\dfrac{7775}{2}\)
= \(3887.5\)
Therefore, you would have made $3887.5 if you bought 100 shares of Johnson & Johnson stock in 1980 and sold it in 1989.
QUICKLY PLEASE ITS TIMED!!!!
Which of the following approaches measures team performance by the team's ability to meet specific, predefined goals
O the results approach
the behaviors/process approach
the goals approach
the outcome approach
Answers
Answer:
the results approach.
Explanation:
This is because this approach emphasises on the results and outcomes produced by the team.
The approaches that measures team performance by the team's ability to meet specific, predefined goals is: results approach.
What is result approach?Result approach is a performance evaluation approach and can be defined as the type of approach that is used to determine a person perfomance based on the outcome of their tasks.
Most companies tend to make use of result approach to know how well an employee perform on the tasks they are assigned especially when the employee meet or achieved the set goals.
Therefore the approaches that measures team performance by the team's ability to meet specific, predefined goals is: results approach.
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With illustration explain how marriage/synergistic value is created arises
Answers
When two people get together and pool their resources, abilities, and skills to accomplish more than they might have done on their own, they are creating a marriage or synergistic value.
The idea of a puzzle can serve as an example of this value.Think of each person as a jigsaw piece with a distinct shape and pattern. When two people marry, they join their disparate parts to form a more complex and substantial whole.
Without a single component, the total picture would be without something important and crucial that each piece adds.
Similar to this, in an union, each spouse brings unique skills and talents to the table that, when combined, can result in more fulfilment and success than either could get on their own.
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Pls help me with this question!
Answers
The type of bank that contributes to the national economy by managing accounts and credit lines for both individuals and businesses is a commercial bank. So, the correct choice is option C.
Commercial banks are financial institutions that play a vital role in the economy by providing a wide range of banking services to individuals, businesses, and governments. They accept deposits from customers and offer various types of accounts, including checking accounts, savings accounts, and certificates of deposit. Commercial banks also provide loans and credit lines to individuals and businesses to support their financial needs.
By managing accounts, commercial banks facilitate the safekeeping of funds for individuals and businesses, allowing them to make transactions, earn interest on their deposits, and access their funds conveniently through various banking channels.
Furthermore, commercial banks contribute to the national economy by extending credit lines to individuals and businesses. These credit lines can be used for various purposes, such as financing investments, expanding businesses, purchasing assets, or managing cash flow. By providing credit, commercial banks support economic growth, entrepreneurship, and job creation.
In summary, commercial banks are the type of bank that actively contributes to the national economy by managing accounts and credit lines for both individuals and businesses, playing a crucial role in promoting financial stability and facilitating economic activities.
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Which time-series forecasting method works best if the company assumes that product demand will stay fairly steady over time?
Answers
Moving average in time-series forecasting method works best if the company assumes that product demand will stay fairly steady over time.
What is the significance of moving average in time series forecasting?Moving averages are a simple and common type of smoothing that is mainly used in time series analysis and time series forecasting.
A moving average refers to a series of averages, calculated from historic data. It can be calculated for any number of time periods such as three-month moving average, a seven-day moving average etc.
Basically, moving average depicts that the current value is linearly dependent on the current and past error terms.
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darnell is responsible for reviewing the benefits offered to all employees. he met with several employees individually to get their suggestions, and based on their ideas, developed a package he thought would be most appropriate. which aspect of vroom's decision tree decision-making style did darnell use? a. delegate
Answers
The aspect of vroom's decision tree decision-making style that was used by Darnell is consult individual. Hence, Option B is correct.
What is the meaning of decision-making style?The most effective method of decision-making is directed decision-making. Instead of asking others for more information, their decisions are based on their own knowledge, experience, and justification.
Darnell met with a number of employees one-on-one to get their input, and based on their comments, he created a package he believed would be most suitable. Darnell applied the consult individual component of Vroom's decision-tree decision-making method.
Therefore, Option B is correct.
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The complete question has been attached in text form:
Damell is responsible for reviewing the benefits offered to all employees. He met with several employees individually to get their suggestions, and based on their ideas developed a package he thought would be most appropriate. Which aspect of Vroom's decision tree decision-making style did Damell use?
O achievement oriented
O Consult individual
O Face
O Partidate Delegate
Pablo runs a small car washing business in his neighborhood on the weekends. This
past weekend, Pablo earned $284. Prior to opening his car wash, he needed to stock
up on soap, sponges, and towels which cost him $46. He also had his son help him
with the car washing and paid him $25 for his help. What was Pablo's net income for
this past weekend?
Answers
$213
Gross is the total amount earned before expenses, net is the amount earned after expenses.
We must subtract the amount of money earned by the amount of money spent. 71-284=213
Which pathway would you find in the Agriculture, Food, and Natural
Resources Career Cluster?
O A. Quality Assurance
O B. Biotechnology Research and Development
O C. Natural Resource Systems
O D. Consumer Services
Answers
Answer:
O B. Biotechnology Research and Development
Explanation:
The agriculture, food and natural resources cluster comprise all careers related to the production of agricultural products. It includes farmers, scientists, veterinarians, bio technologists, extension officers, and many others. The cluster has skilled professionals who research and develop modern methods of improving agricultural productivity. Biotechnology Research and Development will fit into this role.
Answer: natural resource systems
Explanation:
Anaiah is currently consuming 20 eggplants and 30 kiwis. His marginal utility per dollar spent on the 20th eggplant is 160 utils and his marginal utility per dollar spent on the 30th kiwi is 190 utils. The price of an eggplant is $3 and the price of a kiwi is also $3. He has $180 to spend.How much is Anaiah currently spending on these goods? $What are the reasons that Anaiah is behaving irrationally? Select all that apply.He is not spending his entire incomeHe is spending too much on kiwisHe is not balancing what he spends on each goodHis marginal utility per dollar spent is not the same for both goods
Answers
He is not spending his entire income and His marginal utility per dollar spent is not the same for both good are the reasons that Anaiah is behaving irrationally. Hence, option A and C are correct.
What is marginal utility?The additional satisfaction a consumer experiences from owning one extra unit of an item or service is known as marginal utility. Economists utilize the idea of marginal utility to estimate the quantity of a good that consumers will buy. Progressive taxation are frequently defended using the law of diminishing marginal utility.
Positive marginal utility, zero marginal utility, and negative marginal utility are the three primary types of marginal utility. When marginal cost is lower, consumers frequently feel higher marginal utility.
Thus, option A and C are correct.
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Type your response in the box. As you read this paragraph, think about the various traits of money. On her way to work, Cara stops by her local coffee shop for tea and oatmeal to go. She pays cash and receives change. She then remembers that she needs to get gas. She fills up her car’s tank, and charges it to her credit card. When her shift is over, she goes to the ATM to deposit her paycheck in her savings account. She stops home to change clothes before she goes to the gym. Not wanting to take her purse to the gym, she folds up a $5 bill and puts it in her pocket with her driver’s license. When she pays for water and a banana at the gym, the clerk laughs at how old Cara’s $5 bill is. Cara replies that it’s good that all money looks the same over the past few years. List five ways this scenario references money????? can someone help me please please.
Answers
Answer:
Here are some possible answers:
She buys items with cash.
She gets change.
She uses a credit card.
She deposits a paycheck in the bank.
She folds up cash.
She hears that her cash looks old.
She says that it looks the same as newer bills.
Explanation:
PLATO
Answer:
She buys stuff with cash, she gets change, she uses a credit card, she deposits a paycheck in the bank, and she folds up cash
Explanation:
Hope this helps! <3
if you were a businessman,how would you handle home trade?
Answers
Answer:
1+1>2 effective and efficient
Imagine there are two countries: A and B. These countries have the same amount of resources and both produce two goods, pens and scissors. If country A dedicates all of it's resources to pens, it can produce 1000 pens. If country A dedicates all of it's resources to scissors, it can produce 3000 scissors. If country B dedicates all of it's resources to pens, it can produce 500 pens. If country B dedicates all of it's resources to scissors, it can produce 1000 scissors. Now try a different trade ratio.
Required:
Which country would accept and/or not accept a trade of 200 pens for 500 scissors (i.e. the trade would benefit them)?
Answers
Answer:
The American statesman Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790) once wrote: “No nation was ever ruined by trade.” Many economists would express their attitudes toward international trade in an even more positive manner. The evidence that international trade confers overall benefits on economies is pretty strong. Trade has accompanied economic growth in the United States and around the world. Many of the national economies that have shown the most rapid growth in the last few decades—for example, Japan, South Korea, China, and India—have done so by dramatically orienting their economies toward international trade. There is no modern example of a country that has shut itself off from world trade and yet prospered. To understand the benefits of trade, or why we trade in the first place, we need to understand the concepts of comparative and absolute advantage.
In 1817, David Ricardo, a businessman, economist, and member of the British Parliament, wrote a treatise called On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. In this treatise, Ricardo argued that specialization and free trade benefit all trading partners, even those that may be relatively inefficient. To see what he meant, we must be able to distinguish between absolute and comparative advantage.
A country has an absolute advantage in producing a good over another country if it uses fewer resources to produce that good. Absolute advantage can be the result of a country’s natural endowment. For example, extracting oil in Saudi Arabia is pretty much just a matter of “drilling a hole.” Producing oil in other countries can require considerable exploration and costly technologies for drilling and extraction—if indeed they have any oil at all. The United States has some of the richest farmland in the world, making it easier to grow corn and wheat than in many other countries. Guatemala and Colombia have climates especially suited for growing coffee. Chile and Zambia have some of the world’s richest copper mines. As some have argued, “geography is destiny.” Chile will provide copper and Guatemala will produce coffee, and they will trade. When each country has a product others need and it can be produced with fewer resources in one country over another, then it is easy to imagine all parties benefitting from trade. However, thinking about trade just in terms of geography and absolute advantage is incomplete. Trade really occurs because of comparative advantage.
Explanation:
The country that should accept trade 200 pens for 500 scissors is Country B.
What is comparative advantage?
A country has comparative advantage in production if it produces at a lower opportunity cost when compared to other countries. If the country does not have a comparative advantage inthe production of a good, that goos should be imported.
Opportunity cost in producing 1 scissors:
For country A = 1000 / 3000 = 1/3
For country B = 500 /1000 = 1/2
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On March 25, 2014, Patton Company sold merchandise on account,$10,000. The applicable sales tax percentage is 8.5%. Record the transaction.
Answers
Answer:
Kindly see attached picture
Explanation:
Sales tax percentage= 8.5%
Sales = 10,000
Sales tax payable = 0.085 × 10000 = 850
Accounts payable = 10000 + 850 = 10850
Kindly see attached picture for journal entry
a lease is a contractual arrangement by which the lessor provides the lessee the right to use an asset for a specified period of time. (T/F)
Answers
The given statement " A lease is a contractual arrangement by which the lessor provides the lessee the right to use an asset for a specified period of time" is True. A lease is indeed a contractual arrangement by which the lessor provides the lessee the right to use an asset for a specified period of time. In this arrangement, the lessor retains ownership of the asset, while the lessee gains the right to use it for the duration of the lease.
The lessee is typically required to pay the lessor a specified amount of money, known as rent, in exchange for the use of the asset. A lease typically outlines the terms and conditions of the arrangement, including the price, the duration of the lease, the responsibilities of each party, and any restrictions or limitations on the use of the property.
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What are two current rising or resurgent powers that the video mentions that may be planning on changing the established international system?.
Answers
China and Russia are two current rising or resurgent powers that the video mentions that may be planning on changing the established international system.
Is China a comfortable place to live?Over the past 40 years, China has rescued more people from poverty (800 million and counting) than any other country in history. China has a greater quality of living than the majority of other countries, including the West. In China, everyone has a beautiful life that keeps becoming better.
Is China a socialist or communist country?The socialist market economy (SME) is the economic system and model for economic growth used by the People's Republic of China. The system is a market economy, with a predominance of public ownership and state-owned enterprises.
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How does surfing the internet during business hours negatively effect the workplace?.
Answers
It can reveal confidential information and infect other systems with malware.
Many workers do squander a lot of time online. According to several studies, employees squander 1-2 hours every day online. These lost hours can hurt a company's bottom line since lost time equals lost money. One research revealed that office distractions and poorly designed technology may cost organizations $10,000 per person annually, to put a finer point on the problem. These kinds of financial losses provide strong justification for prohibiting recreational internet use in your workplace culture.
Implementing a web filtering application to prevent leisure websites is one technique to increase office productivity.
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A couple weeks ago, Alex saw her boss stealing money out of the cash register. Her boss noticed that Alex saw. Alex planned to tell one of the other managers the next day, but when she came in for work, her boss pulled her aside and told her that she should keep her mouth shut if she wanted to keep her job, because she would be blamed for the missing money if she told anyone what she saw. Alex's boss is using what unethical communication practice discussed in our lectures from this week
Answers
Answer:
The answer is "Coercion".
Explanation:
Its legislative concept of coercion between both the states was reasonably uniform: utilizing bullying and threats to force (or inhibit) individuals to do something they have and do not have a legal right to. It implies that helping a person, through threatening his security and well or those of his family or property, which we usually should not do.
Henri Fayol, a French industrialist, was the first to identify all of the managerial functions. Which was NOT one of them?
(A) Planning
(B) Organizing
(C) Leading
(D) Supporting
(E) Controlling
Answers
In the above question about Henri Fayol, the one that is not a managerial functions is D). Supporting
Henri Fayol was a French industrialist and is widely recognized as one of the pioneers of modern management theory. He was the first to identify five basic managerial functions, which he called "the five elements of management". These functions are: Planning, Organizing, Leading, Controlling, and Directing.
Fayol believed that effective management requires a manager to perform these functions, and that a manager must have the ability to plan, organize, lead, control, and direct the work of others in order to be successful.
So, the answer is D. Supporting is not one of the functions.
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Which of the following would represent a proper scope for market testing?
O A. Providing a limited number of the product to all potential retail
outlets
B. Placing the product in only a few retail locations for only one retail
chain
C. Exposing a small group of individual consumers to the product at
the company office
D. Providing an unlimited number of the product to all interested
retailers
Answers
The statement would represent a proper scope for market testing by Placing the product in only a few retail locations for only one retail chain. Thus the correct option is B.
What is a Product?A product is referred to as final or finished goods distributed in the market to serve the customers. This product can be both goods and services in which goods are tangible and services are intangible.
The experimental release of a product and a marketing strategy is known as test marketing. The goal is to evaluate how potential customers will respond in a highly competitive marketplace.
Positioning the product in a small number of retail outlets for a single retail chain will allow for more focused market testing and better customer feedback.
Therefore, option B is appropriate.
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Miracle Pill. Katie advertised that she had developed a pill for women that would result in weight loss, wrinkle loss, and improved vitality; and for men would result in all those things, plus hair growth. Her television advertisement showed miracle results allegedly obtained by consumers. Katie cautioned, however, that ingestion of the pill for six months was required before results would be evident. The pill was wildly popular. The Federal Trade Commission, however, investigated and determined that Katie had failed to have a reasonable basis for the claims she made in advertisements. Katie claimed that she was merely involved in the use of generalities and clear exaggerations. The Federal Trade Commission disagreed and issued a formal administrative complaint against her. After a hearing, the Federal Trade Commission issued an order requiring that Katie stop advertising and selling the pills. After losing all appeals, Katie continued selling the pills until she was fined by the Federal Trade Commission. She has since left the country and cannot be located. Who would have presided over the hearing involving the administrative complaint filed against Katie by the Federal Trade Commission?a) A state circuit court judgeb) A federal district court judgec) An administrative law judged) A panel of commissioners of the Federal Trade Commissione) The full commission of the Federal Trade Commission
Answers
An administrative law judged would have presided over the hearing involving the administrative complaint filed against Katie by the Federal Trade Commission.
What is Administrative law?Administrative law serves as the branch of our law that support the administrative agencies, with power so they can imposes certain requirements on them to be able to gives solutions to when there is wrongful administrative acts.
Federal Trade Commission can be considered as an agency here and that was why it can make an order requiring that Katie stop advertising and selling the pills.
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Which is not a benefit of a checking account?
Answers
Answer:
no interest
Explanation:
A checking account is a type of account that enables comfortable deposits and withdrawal of money for regular trades.
It can include deposit and withdrawal of cash as well as cheque.
Getting no interest in a checking account is not a beneficial factor.
The benefits of the checking accounts are convenience, easy budgeting and safety.
As compared to the saving account having a proof of payment is the beneficial point of having checking account.
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Paul owns a photography studio, and he has applied for a loan to
purchase a larger space so he can show his, and other local photographers’, work.
As part of the loan process, the bank reviews Paul’s credit history, which reveals that
Paul’s studio has been in operation for six months, Paul has an active loan on some
photography equipment for $8,000, Paul has a credit score of 650, and the studio
turns a decent profit. Given all this information, Paul’s loan is denied.
Determine which item from Paul’s credit history caused the denial.
Answers
Answer:
A credit score of 650 is slightly below average for the populace, coupled with the fact that the studio has been in operation for a short period of time and he has an outstanding loan of $8,000, is the reason he was rejected. It was the outstanding loan.
Explanation:
Yahir wants to become an Actor. What are the most helpful examples of milestones for this goal? Check all that apply.
A.taking an acting class
B.running a race
C.taking a science class
D.learning how to cook
E.participating in a school play
F.auditioning for a part in a television show
Answers
Answer:
aef
Explanation:
got the question right
Answer:
1 5 6
Explanation:
WILL MARK BRAINLIEST IF ANSWER IS CORRECT!!
Which of the following might a homeowner's insurance company be unwilling to cover?
A. Theft
B. A person getting injured on the property
C. Fire
D. A natural disaster
Answers
Answer:
D. A natural disaster
Explanation:
Natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, and wars occur intermittently and usually with high losses. An accurate estimation of their frequency and the severity of losses is not impossible. Due to these reasons, private insurance companies do not cover natural disasters.
When natural disasters strike, there are likely to affect many people at the same time. Insurance companies may be unable to compensate all of them for the extensive losses. The principle through which insurance companies operate will be de
what are three primary reasons for asking others to review and comment on a presentation
Answers
Answer: to review content for accuracy, suggest improvements, or document feedback
Explanation:
i just took it
Which of the following is an example of telecommuting?
A. Setting up a conference call between two different companies
B. Working from home instead of at the company's main office
C. Scheduling a meeting in the middle of the day
D. Using a computer and slideshow during a meeting
Answers
B. Working from home instead of at the company's main office
Have a great day!
An example of is Working from home instead
Telecommuting is also known as Remote work
Telecommuting refers to the ability granted to an employee to work from remote place apart from the office.
The reason why Organization allows telecommuting are:
Its helps to improve employee efficiencyIts offers schedule flexibilityIts improved employee retention and attraction.In conclusion, the mode of getting work done have been increasing in recent time because its saves cost for both the employee and employer.
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how has smartphones product changed the way business is conducted? What business innovations have occurred as a result of this product being offered?
Answers
answer amd explanation: i think smartphones are a distraction.
Business letters are typically sent
O a. outside an organization.
O b. within an organization.
O c. only by high-level executives.
O d. to relay bad news.
Answers
Business letters are typically sent outside an organization. Thus the correct option is A.
What is Business Letter?A business letter is referred to as a document that is sent to other organizations to promote business relations by offering them any proposal or any kind of communication-related to the business.
The language of the business letter is formal as it is used in an official setting. It provides information about the current status of business deals as well as checks progress.
As it is sent to other organizations it follows a particular structure. Therefore, option A is appropriate.
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Of the fixed costs, $19,000 cannot be avoided. the annual financial advantage (disadvantage) for the company of eliminating this department would be?
Answers
To determine the annual financial advantage or disadvantage of eliminating a department, we need more information about the costs and benefits associated with the department.
Without this information, it is not possible to accurately calculate the financial impact.
However, I can provide you with a general framework for analyzing the financial impact of eliminating a department. You would typically consider the following:
1. Cost Savings: Calculate the annual costs associated with the department, including salaries, benefits, rent, utilities, supplies, and any other relevant expenses. If the department is eliminated, these costs would no longer be incurred.
2. Revenue Loss (if applicable): Consider any revenue generated directly by the department. If eliminating the department would result in a loss of revenue, this should be factored into the analysis.
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Owner must share their profits.
True or false
Answers
Answer:
True
Explanation: