explain ocean acidification

The following chlorides are ionic or covalent:

SiCl₄ = covalent

PCl₃ = covalent

CaCl₂ = ionic

CsCl = ionic

CuCl₂ = ionic

CrCl₃ = ionic

SiCl₄ is silicon tetrachloride. SiCl₄ is a covalent. The bond between silicon and chlorine is formed by the sharing of electrons.

PCl₃ is Phosphorous trichloride . PCl₃ is covalent. Phosphorus contain 5 electrons in valence shell and requires 3 more to complete octet and chlorine require one electron to complete octet so, the bond formed is by sharing of electron.

CaCl₂ is calcium chloride. CaCl₂  is an ionic. calcium is metal and  metal donates electron  to  chlorine is non metal and non metal accept electrons  and become Ca²⁺  and Cl⁻. The bond formed by the transfer of electrons.

CsCl is cesium chloride. CsCl is an ionic. symbol of ions : Cs⁺ and Cl⁻

CuCl₂ is copper(II) chloride. CuCl₂ is ionic formed by the transfer of electrons. symbol of ions : Cu²⁺ and Cl⁻

CrCl₃  is chromium(III) chloride. CrCl₃  is an ionic. symbol of ions : Cr³⁺ and Cl⁻.

Thus, The following chlorides are ionic or covalent:

SiCl₄ = covalent

PCl₃ = covalent

CaCl₂ = ionic

CsCl = ionic

CuCl₂ = ionic

CrCl₃ = ionic

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Answer:

Explanation:

Divide each weight by their respective element weights.

Na\(_2\)S\(_2\)O\(_3\) is the empirical formula for the compound that has 46 grams of sodium, 64 grams of sulfur, and 48 grams of oxygen.

In chemistry, the equation of maybe a chemical compound is the simplest complete number percentage of atoms that make up a molecule. The empirical formulas for sulfur monoxide, SO, and disulfur dioxide, S2O2, are two simple instances of this concept.

They do not, nonetheless, share comparable molecular formulas, which indicate how many elements are contained in each chemical compound's molecules. An empirical formula does not specify the arrangement or number of atoms. Several polymers, including such silicon dioxide, nor ionic compounds, including such calcium chloride (CaCl2), have this property (SiO2).

moles of sodium = 46/23=2

moles of sulfur = 64 / 32=2

moles of oxygen =48 / 16 =3

Na\(_2\)S\(_2\)O\(_3\)  is the empirical formula

Therefore, Na\(_2\)S\(_2\)O\(_3\) is the empirical formula.

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Answer:

thermal shock

Explanation:

the temperatures inside the glass jar should have continued to increase over time. Internal stresses due to uneven heating. This is also known as “thermal shock”.

In general, the thicker the glass, the more prone it will be to breaking due to the immediate differences in temperature across the thickness of glass.

Borosilicate glass is more tolerant of this, as it has a higher elasticity than standard silicon glass.

You may also note that laboratory test tubes and flasks are made with thinner walls, and of borosilicate glass, when designated for heating.

Answer:

One triple bond and four non bonding electrons

Explanation:

In considering the lewis structure of carbon monoxide, we must remember that the molecule contains a total of ten valence electrons. Four are the valence electrons that are present on the valence shell of carbon while six are the valence electrons on oxygen. Some of these valence electrons participate in bonding in the CO molecule.

Out of the six valence electrons on oxygen, two valence electrons participate in bonding with carbon while the other four electrons remain localized on the oxygen atom as two lone pairs of electrons.

Hence there are four nonbonding electrons in the lewis structure of CO as well as one triple bond.

Answer:

1. organic

2. plants

3. algae?

4. oxygen

5. Uses

Answer:

In general, atomic radius decreases across a period and increases down a group. Across a period, effective nuclear charge increases as electron shielding remains constant.

Explanation:

Answer:here:

Explanation:helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), radon (Rn), and oganesson (Og).

a) The greenhouse effect and blackbody radiation are interrelated because the latter plays a vital role in the former.

Blackbody radiation is the term used to define the emission of electromagnetic radiation from an object when it is heated.

These radiations have different wavelengths, and their intensities are determined by Planck's Law.

The greenhouse gases present in the earth's atmosphere have the property of absorbing and emitting radiation.

When solar radiation hits the earth's surface, it is absorbed and re-emitted as infrared radiation.

The greenhouse gases present in the atmosphere absorb this infrared radiation, thereby raising the temperature of the earth's atmosphere.

Hence, the greenhouse effect is the phenomenon where the presence of greenhouse gases causes the earth's temperature to rise.

b) The Bohr model of the atom has the following assumptions:

An electron in an atom moves in a circular orbit around the nucleus.

The energy of the electron in an atom is quantized, i.e., it can have certain discrete values only.

The angular momentum of the electron is quantized, i.e., it can have certain discrete values only.

An electron can move from one energy level to another by either absorbing or emitting radiation.

The frequency of the absorbed/emitted radiation is directly proportional to the energy difference between the two levels.

c) An experimental arrangement to measure the photoelectric effect can be sketched as follows:

    Light Source

            |

           V

       Collimator

            |

           V

      Monochromator

            |

           V

     Photoelectric

        Material

            |

           V

     Anode Plate

            |

           V

        Ammeter

Light Source:

Provides a source of light, usually a monochromatic (single-frequency) light such as a laser or a mercury lamp.

The frequency of the light can be controlled.

Collimator:

A device that ensures the light beams emitted from the light source are parallel and concentrated into a narrow beam.

Monochromator:

A device that selects a specific wavelength or frequency of light from the collimated beam, allowing for precise control of the incident light's frequency.

Photoelectric Material:

A metallic surface or a semiconductor material (photocathode) that exhibits the photoelectric effect.

It is placed in the path of the selected monochromatic light.

Anode Plate:

A positively charged electrode placed near the photoelectric material to collect the emitted electrons (photoelectrons).

The anode is connected to an ammeter to measure the photoelectric current.

Ammeter:

A device used to measure the magnitude of the photoelectric current. It indicates the flow of electrons from the photoelectric material to the anode plate.

The experimental setup allows the experimenter to vary the frequency (or wavelength) of the incident light and measure the corresponding photoelectric current.

By systematically changing the frequency and observing the current, one can investigate the threshold frequency, determine the relationship between frequency and kinetic energy of emitted electrons, and study other properties of the photoelectric effect.

d) The bandgap energy is given by:

Eg = hc/λ

where

Eg is the bandgap energy,

h is Planck's constant,

c is the speed of light, and

λ is the wavelength of light.

The bandgap energy of Si is given as 1.1 eV.

Therefore, we can find the maximum wavelength that could excite an electron from the valence band to the conduction band of Si using the following equation:

Eg = hc/λ1.1 eV

    = 4.14 × 10-15 eV s × 3 × 108 m/s / λλ

    = (4.14 × 10-15 eV s × 3 × 108 m/s) / 1.1 eVλ

    = 1.21 × 10-6 m or 1210 nm

Therefore, the longest wavelength that could be used to excite an electron from the valence band of Si to its conduction band is 1210 nm.

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Recrystalization will occur.The solution may become too diluted for crystals to form if you add too much solvent. Impurities will be captured by a hastily formed crystal's lattice. The crystals that result will also be smaller.

Recrystallization is a physical process used to separate compounds based on how soluble they are. Heating the material to dissolve the compound with impurities in a mixture of a suitable solvent completes the procedure. We can remove the desired chemical or contaminants from the mixture using this method.

The solution may become too diluted for crystals to form if you add too much solvent. The flask needs to be gently cooled, first at room temperature and then in cold water. Impurities will be captured by a hastily formed crystal's lattice. The resulting crystals will also be smaller.

The three main types of recrystallization are;

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The concentration of A decreases and then levels out. Option A

In many chemical reactions, a reactant is consumed as the reaction progresses, leading to a decrease in its concentration over time. The reactant molecules are transformed into products, and as the reaction proceeds, the concentration of the reactant gradually diminishes.

At equilibrium, the concentrations of both reactants and products remain relatively constant over time, although they can coexist.

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Answer:

The awser is D.

An alpha particle emission causes the atomic number of a nuclide to decrease by 2 and its mass number to decrease by 4.

Nuclear Emission explains the release of energy stored in the nucleus of an atom in the form of particles like alpha particles, beta particles, gamma ray etc.

When a nucleus emits an alpha particle, it loses 2 protons and 2 neutrons, so its atomic number decreases by 2 and its mass number decreases by 4.

Hence, option 1 is correct.

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When a metal is exposed to photons at a frequency of 1.05 × 1015 s−1, electrons are emitted with a maximum kinetic energy of 3.80 × 10−19 J.

The experiment implies that when photons with a frequency greater than the threshold frequency fall on the surface of a metal, electrons are emitted from it. If the frequency is less than the threshold frequency, no electrons will be emitted regardless of the intensity of the light. If the frequency of the light is equal to or greater than the threshold frequency, the number of emitted electrons increases with the increase in light intensity.

The maximum kinetic energy of emitted electrons increases linearly with the frequency of the incident radiation. The maximum kinetic energy, Kmax is given by Einstein's photoelectric equation: Kmax = hf − φWhere h is Planck's constant (6.626 × 10−34 J s), f is the frequency of the light, and φ is the work function of the metal. The work function (φ) of a metal is the minimum energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron (electron in the outermost shell) from the metal surface.

So, the above information can be concluded as the photoelectric effect refers to the emission of electrons from a metal surface when light of sufficient frequency falls on it. It was discovered by Hertz and explained by Einstein.

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the concentration of the pollutant will reach 2 lb/gal after 250 minutes.

To solve this problem, we need to find out when the concentration of the pollutant reaches 2 lb/gal in the tank.
Given:
Initial concentration = 1 lb/gal
Incoming concentration = 2.5 lb/gal
Incoming flow rate = 8 gal/min
Outgoing flow rate = 8 gal/min

Let's denote the time in minutes as t, and C as the concentration of the pollutant in lb/gal.

We can set up the equation:
Initial amount of pollutant + Incoming amount of pollutant = Outgoing amount of pollutant

(1 lb/gal) * (1000 gal) + (2.5 lb/gal) * (8 gal/min) * t = (2 lb/gal) * (8 gal/min) * t

Simplifying the equation:
1000 + 20t = 16t

Subtracting 16t from both sides:
1000 = 4t

Dividing both sides by 4:
250 = t

Therefore, the concentration of the pollutant will reach 2 lb/gal after 250 minutes.

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Answer:

A molecular formula shows number of each type of atom in a molecule.

No, it does not pass the "fat pencil" test. Therefore, a normal distribution is not a reasonable model. Option B is the correct answer.

The "fat pencil" test is a quick visual check to determine if a dataset can be reasonably approximated by a normal distribution. In this case, the pH readings of wastewater show a significant deviation from a normal distribution. The presence of several low pH values (1.0) and a few high pH values (10.0, 10.5, 11.4) indicate a non-normal distribution with skewness and potential outliers. Therefore, it is not reasonable to model these data using a normal distribution.

Option B is the correct answer.

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Answer:

ture

Explanation:

The potential energy of any system veritably depends upon the distance depending upon the types of forces acting on the objects. The potential energy undeniably depends upon the distance and is inversely proportional to each other. If the force between the two is attractive then the potential energy will increase with increasing distance between them both, and if the force is repulsive then the potential energy will increase will decreasing the distance between them.

Answer:

1.5 mol H2O

Explanation:

Limiting reactant was C2H6 - 0.5 moles

Fomula became .5C2H6 + 1.75O2 = 1CO2 + 1.5H2O

Answer:

If the mass of a sample of aluminum foil is known, then it is possible to calculate the volume of the foil. In general volume is the product of length times width times height of an object. If we know the length and width of a piece of foil, we can then determine its height, or thickness.

sorry if wrong

A. The amount of heat transferred when 29.0 g of CH3OH(g) is decomposed by this reaction at constant pressure is 114 kJ.

B. The mass of methane gas produced is 8.67 g.

C. The amount of heat released when 38.5 g of CH4(g) reacts completely with O2(g) to form CH3OH(g) at constant pressure is 238 kJ.

The molar mass of CH3OH is 32.04 g/mol. Therefore, 29.0 g of CH3OH is equal to 29.0 g / 32.04 g/mol = 0.904 mol of CH3OH.

From the balanced equation, the reaction produces 2 moles of CH4 and 1 mole of O2 for every 2 moles of CH3OH decomposed.

Therefore, the amount of heat transferred when 0.904 mol of CH3OH is decomposed is:

0.904 mol CH3OH × (252.8 kJ / 2 mol CH3OH) = 114 kJ

So, the amount of heat transferred when 29.0 g of CH3OH(g) is decomposed by this reaction at constant pressure is 114 kJ.

The enthalpy change during the reaction is 82.3 kJ for a given sample of CH3OH. We need to find the mass of methane gas produced.

From the balanced equation, 2 moles of CH3OH produces 2 moles of CH4.

Therefore, the amount of CH4 produced when 82.3 kJ of heat is transferred is:

2 mol CH4 × (82.3 kJ / (252.8 kJ / 2 mol CH3OH)) = 0.540 mol CH4

The molar mass of CH4 is 16.04 g/mol. Therefore, the mass of CH4 produced is:

0.540 mol CH4 × 16.04 g/mol = 8.67 g

So, the mass of methane gas produced is 8.67 g.

From the balanced equation, 1 mole of CH4 produces 1 mole of CH3OH when reacted with O2.

Therefore, the amount of heat released when 38.5 g of CH4 reacts completely with O2 to form CH3OH is:

38.5 g CH4 / 16.04 g/mol CH4 × (252.8 kJ / 2 mol CH3OH) = 238 kJ

So, the amount of heat released when 38.5 g of CH4(g) reacts completely with O2(g) to form CH3OH(g) at constant pressure is 238 kJ.

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Ideal gas law is valid only for ideal gas not for vanderwaal gas. Combined Boyle's and Charles' gas law is used. Therefore, the combined formula is PVM=mRT.

Ideal gas equation is the mathematical expression that relates pressure volume and temperature. Real gas behave like an ideal gas at low pressure and high temperature. There is no forces of attraction or repulsion between the particles of ideal gas.

The formula that comes by combining  PV = nRT and  n = m/M is

PV = nRT

PV =( m/M )RT

PVM=mRT

From this formula we can find the molar mass easily.

Therefore, the combined formula is PVM=mRT.

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Answer:

Concept of chemi-fluorescence

Explanation:

A glow stick usually consists of two chemicals in a larger plastic tube: , a base catalyst (mostly sodium salicylate), and a suitable dye (sensitizer, or fluorophor). This creates an exergonic reaction when mixed together.

When a glow stick is bent, the flurophor which is a chemical that easily re-emits light upon excitation in smaller capsules is released into the other substance, there by causing it to emit radiation/light in the uv-visible region. The brightness and longevity of the glow stick is determined by varying the concentration of these chemicals.

I hope this explanation clarifies things.

Answer:

.

Answer: 5 All of the molecules have the same kinetic energy

since the temperature is kept constant at 298 K

Explanation:

The AVERAGE kinetic energy is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.

All the molecules have the same average kinetic energy as average kinetic energy is directly proportional to the absolute temperature. So, the correct option is 5.

The average kinetic energy (K) is equal to one-half of the mass (m) of each gas molecule times the root mean square speed (Vrms) squared.

We know that the average kinetic energy is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.

All of the molecules have the same kinetic energy since the temperature is kept constant at 298 K.

Therefore, All the molecules have the same average kinetic energy as average kinetic energy is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.

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Answer:

B. 11.18 mols of Cu

Explanation:

Given parameters:

Number of particles in Cu  = 6.73 x 10²⁴ particles

Unknown:

Number of moles  = ?

Solution:

A mole of a substance is known to contain the Avogadro's number of particles. To solve this problem;

          6.02 x 10²³ particles is contained in 1 mole of a substance

         6.73 x 10²⁴ particles  will be contained in \(\frac{6.73 x 10^{24} }{6.02 x 10^{23} }\)   = 11.18moles of Cu

Explanation:

Purpose and Theory: A tablet of vitamin C contains the active ingredient called ascorbic acid (HC,H,0.).

Ascorbic acid is an organic acid which is a white power and is soluble in water.

In the following microtitration lab you will be grinding up a vitamin C tablet

, and using a 0.10 g sample of the

vitamin C powder, which will be dissolved in 20-40 mL of water. This solution will be used to determine the

quantity of ascorbic acid in a commercial vitamin C tablet.

Groups

Lab 2

# of Drops 1 or Drops 2 of Drops 3

96

91

94

Hadia

Data & Analysis:

Complete the missing information in the following data table [24]

1

2

3

Trial

Volume of NaOH (drops)

0 05mL drop

(NaOH (O 0050mol/L)

Volume of NaOH (ML)

Average Volume of NaOH (ml)

T I

O 0050

00050

00050

The balanced chemical reaction between ascorbic acid and sodium hydroxide is:

HC,H,O + NaOH NaC,H,Oye H,O,

1. Stoichiometrically calculate the mass (in grams) of ascorbic acid in the powdered sample. 

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Non metals do not conduct electricity

Answer:

D.

Explanation:

I saw it in the textbook

An additional safety feature that could have further reduced the force felt by drivers in both cars is the implementation of advanced crash mitigation systems utilizing predictive algorithms and automated braking technology.

One potential safety feature that could have provided further reduction in the force felt by drivers in both cars is the implementation of advanced crash mitigation systems. These systems employ predictive algorithms and automated braking technology to detect potential collisions and initiate braking or other corrective actions before impact.

By analyzing factors such as relative speed, distance, and trajectory, these systems can intervene rapidly to minimize the force of the collision. With such advanced technology in place, the safety systems can act autonomously, enabling quicker response times than human drivers, potentially reducing the severity of the impact and the resultant forces experienced by the occupants of the vehicles involved in the crash.

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Low pH is detected by the methyl red (MR) test. The MR test is a commonly used microbiological test to determine the ability of an organism to produce and maintain stable acid end-products from glucose fermentation. Option D.

The test is performed by adding a pH indicator called methyl red to the test tube containing the bacterial culture and observing the color change of the solution. If the pH is low (acidic), the methyl red indicator turns red, indicating a positive test. On the other hand, if the pH is higher (less acidic), the methyl red indicator turns yellow, indicating a negative test. Therefore, the MR test is used to distinguish between mixed acid fermenters (positive MR test) and non-mixed acid fermenters (negative MR test) based on their ability to produce acidic end-products.

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Full Question

which of the following is detected by the methyl red (mr) test? multiple choice

lactic

acid acetoin

2,3 butanediol

low ph

Answer:

frozen

Explanation:

I would say because when u freeze water it expands and denifys.