Calculate the average change in soil moisture over the summer (period of data). Assume no loss or gain from/to deep groundwater. Solve the water balance for the change in soil moisture storage. What is the soil moisture storage at the end of the summer (in mm)? Did watershed storage increase or decrease (that is, what is the sign of delta S (positive or negative)?
Hint: Make sure that all water balance components are in the same unit. One way to solve this would be to convert all measurements to units of meter (m for length, m2 for area, m3 for volume) for the calculation, and then only at the very end convert to mm.
• Watershed area = 7 ha
• Precipitation = 12 in
• Estimated evapotranspiration (ET) from a weather station = 17 cm
• Average soil profile moisture storage at beginning of summer = 20 cm
Discharge from the watershed = 11,000 m3

Ocean currents transport heat energy, influencing temperature, moisture patterns, atmospheric circulation, and weather systems, greatly impacting climate.

Sea flows essentially affect environment because of their capacity to move heat energy across tremendous distances. They reallocate heat from hotter districts to colder locales, subsequently affecting the temperature and dampness examples of beach front regions. Warm sea ebbs and flows, for example, the Inlet Stream, convey tropical warmth to higher scopes, directing the environment and making areas more tenable. Alternately, chilly sea flows, similar to the California Momentum, cool down nearby expanses of land. Also, sea flows influence barometrical dissemination designs, which can impact climate frameworks and precipitation designs. These cooperations between sea flows and the air assume a critical part in forming local and worldwide environments.

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The type of structure indicated by the patterns of Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks surrounding the Precambrian core of the Bighorn Mountains is an "anticline."

An anticline is a fold in the Earth's crust characterized by upward-arching rock layers. In the case of the Bighorn Mountains, the Precambrian core represents the central uplifted part of the anticline, and the Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks form the surrounding layers that dip away from the core in a symmetrical or dome-like fashion. This folding and uplifting of the rock layers create the distinctive structural pattern observed in the Bighorn Mountains. An anticline is a form of fold in structural geology that resembles an arch and has its oldest beds at its centre, whereas a syncline is the opposite of an anticline.

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Answer:

C is the answer

Explanation:

because its C

Answer:

actually its legislative

Explanation:

Legislative—Makes laws

google said so

Answer:

Hydrosphere

Explanation:

The lithosphere is the Earth's solid outer layer, which reaches a depth of around 100 kilometers (62 miles). The crust and the brittle upper mantle are both part of the lithosphere. The lithosphere is the most hard and coldest of Earth's layers. Tectonic activity is the most well-known aspect of the Earth's lithosphere. Tectonic activity is the collision of massive lithosphere slabs known as tectonic plates. The North American, Caribbean, South American, Scotia, Antarctic, Eurasian, Arabian, African, Indian, Philippine, Australian, Pacific, Juan de Fuca, Cocos, and Nazca tectonic plates make up the lithosphere. The Mohorovicic discontinuity, or simply the Moho, is a lithosphere divide that occurs between the crust and the mantle. Because not all sections of the Earth are in equal isostatic equilibrium, the Moho does not exist at a uniform depth. The physical, chemical, and mechanical contrasts that allow the crust to "float" atop the more pliable mantle are referred to as isostasy. The Moho can be found 8 kilometers (5 miles) beneath the sea and 32 kilometers (20 miles) beneath continents. Lithospheric crust and mantle are distinguished by different kinds of rocks. Gneiss (continental crust) and gabbro make up the lithospheric crust (oceanic crust). The mantle below the Moho is dominated by peridotite, a rock composed mostly of the minerals olivine and pyroxene. The gaseous envelope that surrounds the earth is known as the atmosphere. The many layers of the atmosphere were built based on their height and temperature. The elements that make up the atmosphere are also recognized and quantified. Due to changes in the earth's surface, this quantity might either rise or decrease. The biosphere is the zone that encompasses the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and lithosphere, and is where life exists and interacts. This zone has been well researched, and we are now able to grasp how life unfolds in response to diverse conditions. The terrestrial regions have been easily examined since it is easy to visit such locations, but it is not practical to research the structure and components of deep water bodies at a deeper depth. Although considerable information has been gathered in this area, the deep water component, such as deep marine trenches, has yet to be investigated. It is not conceivable since the pressure is quite high at this depth, and lift is generally impossible to achieve under these conditions. However, certain animal and plant species may thrive and flourish in this environment. As a result, considerably more research into the hydrosphere is required. The hydrosphere encompasses all of the earth's water bodies, including glaciers and icebergs.

Answer:

fighting

Explanation:

Answer:

1. there is never any time to see one another

2. it leaves so much room for lying because with having a full time career, when you do have time off you could be with another person who isnt as busy as your spouse.

3. you se your coworkers more than your spouse and will probably start to have feelings for someone you spend real amounts of time with.

4. the relationship could start to be exclusively sexual because the only time you see one another is in bed, and even then both may be too tired to do anything and the relationship will fail.

Explanation:

Sedimentary rocks such as shale and sandstone tend to form horizontal layers called bedding planes. Bedding planes are the planes of contact between two successive layers or beds of sedimentary rocks. So the correct option is B .

These layers can vary in thickness and composition, and they can be used to interpret the history of deposition in a particular area. Bedding planes are often visible as distinct lines or bands in rock outcrops, and they can also be identified through the use of geophysical methods such as seismic imaging. The study of bedding planes is important in understanding the geology and history of a region, as well as in exploring for natural resources such as oil and gas.

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Among the provided options, carbon isotope analysis is not an example of methods used for short-term climate reconstructions.

The other methods mentioned, including lake core analysis, ocean sediment core analysis, dendrochronology, and cave formation (speleothem) analysis, are commonly employed techniques for reconstructing short-term climate variations. Carbon isotope analysis, on the other hand, is typically used to study carbon cycling, sources, and sinks, but it is not a primary method for directly reconstructing short-term climate variations.

Dendrochronology utilizes tree rings to reconstruct past climate conditions, as the width and characteristics of tree rings can provide insights into temperature and precipitation patterns. Cave formation (speleothem) analysis involves studying the growth and composition of mineral deposits in caves, which can offer information about past climate changes.

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Banded iron formations are made up of alternating light and dark chert bands.

Therefore, banded iron formations are made up of alternating light and dark bands of chert.

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Answer:

The Indus Valley Civilization was unique in its socialist-like society and lack of militarism. The most probable cause for its decline is climate change that caused the Indus River to change its course.

Explanation:

The Indus Valley Civilization was an ancient civilization, part of the River Valley civilizations, which was located along the Indus River on the Indian subcontinent. Unlike the other three River Valley civilizations that shared a lot of similarities, this one was much different and more unique.

The Indus Valley Civilization seems to have a totally peaceful civilization, with any evidence of military or internal conflict lacking. This was probably due to the natural protection that this civilization had from the Himalayas. Also, unlike the big hierarchical differences in the other civilization of the time, in this civilization, everyone seems to have lived in the same conditions, with the same size houses, and it seems that there wasn't class segregation, making it a very socialist-like society. Unfortunately, this civilization collapsed, with the most probable reason being climate change that caused a change in the course of the Indus River, badly affecting the economy and food resources of this civilization.

Answer:

The Indus Valley settlements were unique because there were no signs of excavation sites, like schools. There is no hard evidence of any large armies, battles, or armories of weapons. There were no shrines, evidence of important leaders, and no burial chambers. The information that is known about the Indus Valley settlements shows the Indus people were trading among themselves.  

Other unique qualities of the Indus people is they were a very advanced group of peoples compare to Mesopotamians, Egyptians, and other Bronze Age cultures. Their settlements were often larger, cities and towns were built on raised platforms to withstand floods, and streets were designed in a grid pattern. Houses were made with uniformly sized mud bricks and had a bathing area connected to plumbing and drainage systems.

The event that most likely caused the Indus Valley Civilization to decline would be drought. There is evidence of prolonged drought across the region matches the disappearance of the Indus Civilization.

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

8

When we talk about the "shape" of the universe. It is its intrinsic shape, not the embedding of the universe within a larger space.

It does make sense to talk about the intrinsic shape. Properties like "curvature" can be measured from inside a shape, you don't need suppose that the universe is "in" something to talk about its shape.

Now the space of the universe is three dimensional, this creates visualisation problems. So I'm going to first talk about an imaginary 2d universe:

A 2d universe could be flat, with a curved boundary (like a disc) Or it could be flat with no boundary (an flat infinte plane). Or a 2d universe could be intrinsically curved. If it has positive curvature it could be like the surface of a ball (positive curvature, finite with no boundary) Or shaped like a bowl (positive curvature) Alternatively it could have negative curvature: it could be shaped like a "Pringles crisp" These have negative curvature (this can happen with or without a boundary). Finally there could be regions with different curvature: positive in some parts, negative in others.

The same possibilities exist for our universe: It could be flat (with or without boundary) It could be positively curved (This is intrinsic curvature and your brain can't visualise this for a 3d shape) Or it could be negatively curved (again, don't try to visualise this for a 3d shape, you can't). In the case of positive curvature, it could be finite and unbounded, but for negative curvature, it must either have an edge, or be infinite.

So mathematically these are the possibilities. What does the science say?

We can measure the curvature on large scales. Our measurements are not perfect, there is some room for error. We measure the large scale mass/energy density of the universe, since curvature is caused by gravity, and gravity is caused by mass and energy. If the mass/energy density is > 1 then space would be positively curved. We actually find that the energy density is 1.00±0.02 That is the universe is either flat, or very nearly flat.

No there are profound problems with supposing that the universe has a boundary. But there are also problems with supposing it to be infinite. Scientifically, no edge has ever been detected. So when we build models of the universe, we will generally suppose to have no edge.

Thus our "best guess" is that the universe is uncurved and infinite.

Answer:

Erosion is the wearing down of soil or rock by the action of wind, rain, rivers, ice and gravity. A volcanic eruption produces lava, ash and gases. ... Volcanoes cause limited erosion directly; the underside of a new lava flow scours topsoil or loosely consolidated sediments.

Explanation:

Answer:

Awareness, education, preparedness, and prediction and warning systems can reduce the disruptive impacts of a natural disaster on communities. Mitigation measures such as adoption of zoning, land-use practices, and building codes are needed, however, to prevent or reduce actual damage from hazards.

Answer:

what thing

Explanation:

Answer:

The thermohaline circulation is mainly driven by the formation of deep water masses in the North Atlantic and the Southern Ocean caused by differences in temperature and salinity of the water.

Explanation:

Answer:

i think that over farming, air pollution, crop rotation and lack of fertilizers have made it to where there is poor soil in Africa

Erosion and over-farming  contributed to poor soil in Africa.

There is a direct relation between poor economy and poor soil in more tha half of countries in Africa.

Large vast of poor soil are not peculiar to the farmers in Africa and the large cause of this phenomenon is the from nature while some, as a result of from lack of proper education on way of utilizing soil for farming.

Erosion are rampant because the government fails to provide good channel for drainage of water. Erosion is part of the factor that affect the soil since its washes away the top soil which are useful for farming and other purpose.

Over-farming also contributed to poor soil and this is largely on ignorance of the farmers.

In conclusion, air pollution, crop-rotation and lack of fertilizers does not contribute to poor soil although they can result to low farm production.

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Solid silicate rock rising slowly from deep in the mantle begin melting as it neared the base of the lithosphere as temperatures remain high as lowered pressures decrease melting temperatures.

A planetary body's mantle is a layer that is surrounded by the crust on top and the core underneath. The largest and most substantial layer of a planetary body, mantles are often comprised of rock or ice.

Planetary bodies that have undergone density differentiation typically have mantles. Mantles are found on all terrestrial planets, many asteroids, and a few planetary moons.

Mare basalts are derived from the silicate mantle of the Earth's moon, which is 1300–1400 km deep. The South Pole-Aitken basin or the Crisium basin may have the lunar mantle exposed.

At a depth of about 500 kilometers in the lunar mantle, there is a seismic discontinuity that is most likely connected to a compositional change.

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You must build a city where the physical and structural needs of the inhabitants are met and where they can live in comfort and happiness.

To organize the essay you can start by showing the region where the city will be established and the reasons that made this region chosen. then it shows the activities that will be carried out in the region, highlighting how the climate and geography of the place contribute to this. Finally, highlight the domestic life of the inhabitants and how the region influences this.

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Explanation:

Geography (from Greek: γεωγραφία, geographia, literally "earth description") is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of the Earth and planets. ... Geography has been called "the world discipline" and "the bridge between the human and the physical sciences".

Answer:B

Explanation:

trust me

The given statement "During a glacial maximum, ice can commonly reach thicknesses of several tens of kilometers." is false because during a glacial maximum, ice can commonly reach thicknesses of several kilometers, but not tens of kilometers.

During a glacial maximum, also known as an ice age, global temperatures are much colder than usual, resulting in the growth and expansion of ice sheets and glaciers. These ice masses can extend for hundreds or even thousands of kilometers, covering vast areas of land and sea. While ice thickness can vary depending on location and other factors, it is generally several kilometers thick rather than several tens of kilometers. Glacial maximums have occurred throughout Earth's history, with the most recent one ending about 10,000 years ago.

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Answer: In his first year with the movement, Jackie crisscrossed the country and helped to raise $1 million for the NAACP. By the early 1960s, Robinson raised money for SCLC by hosting jazz concerts in his backyard. The funds were raised to help provide bail money for the jailed activists.

Jackie and his family also participated in Civil Rights marches. He was on the front line during the famous “March on Washington” on Aug. 28, 1963, that culminated with King’s unforgettable “I Have a Dream” speech.

Deltas is created when a river carries sediment along on its way to the ocean.

DELTARiver deltas or estuaries are deposits in estuaries that are formed when river water meets other waters that have a weak or stagnant current rate. The low-speed water flow is unable to carry sediment from the river so that the sediment settles in the estuary. Deltas generally form in the open ocean, beach, or lake.

The size and shape of the delta depends on the processes that occur in the sediment-carrying waters and sediment-receiving waters.In addition, the size, shape, and location of the sediment-receiving waters also affect the evolution of the delta.

River deltas play an important role in human civilization because the location of the delta is the center of agricultural production and settlements. Deltas also provide protection for the shoreline and affect the supply of drinking water. From an ecological point of view, deltas play an important role as a place to live for various species.

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The correct order of events that characterizes a highly productive coastal upwelling region such as Peru is:

(1) Prevailing winds blow from the south,

(2) Surface waters are pushed offshore,

(3) Upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich waters occurs,

(4) Nutrients support high primary productivity, and

(5) Fish and marine life abundance increase.

In highly productive coastal upwelling regions like Peru, the prevailing winds blow parallel to the coast from the south (1), causing surface waters to be pushed offshore (2). This movement of surface waters allows cold, nutrient-rich waters from deeper ocean layers to rise to the surface through upwelling (3).

The upwelled waters carry abundant nutrients, which support high primary productivity (4), leading to the growth of phytoplankton and subsequent food availability for higher trophic levels. As a result, fish and marine life abundance increase (5), attracting fishing activities and supporting local ecosystems and economies.

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Complete Question:

what is the correct order of events that characterizes a highly productive coastal upwelling regions such as shown here for peru?

Los Angeles, which is in a region with a Mediterranean climate, experiences dry summers because to the presence of the chilly California current off the coast.

Mediterranean climate, a major Köppen climatic type with hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters, is found on the western sides of the continents between 30° and 45° latitude north and south of the equator.

On the western side of continents, between 31 and 40 degrees latitude north and south of the equator, are roughly where Mediterranean climate zones can be found.

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Weather Instrument refers to equipment used primarily to collect and transmit weather data for the Project, including the instrument's foundations.

Disadvantages of using damaged weather instruments​ are listed below:

The many instruments used to measure meteorological conditions are numerous. These instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, and barometers. Even so, they all share one thing in common: they all measure a different component of the weather.

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Answer:

population is the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town, region, country, or the world.

Explanation: