Microevolution and macroevolution contribute to the biodiversity on Earth through time as described below: Microevolution is the change that occurs in a population's gene pool over time. Gene frequencies in a population change as a result of genetic drift, natural selection, and mutation. The microevolution and macroevolution are part of the same process that leads to the biodiversity of life on Earth, which is a product of millions of years of evolution.
Microevolution and macroevolution contribute to the biodiversity on Earth through time as described below:Microevolution is the change that occurs in a population's gene pool over time. Gene frequencies in a population change as a result of genetic drift, natural selection, and mutation. This change is gradual and results in the formation of new species over time.
Macroevolution is the process by which new species arise. Speciation is the process by which one species evolves into two or more distinct species. Macroevolutionary events may result in the formation of new genera, families, orders, or higher taxa. This change occurs over a long period of time, and the resulting biodiversity on Earth is a product of this process. Microevolution and macroevolution are interconnected. Macroevolution is the result of microevolutionary processes, such as genetic drift and natural selection, over a long period of time. Similarly, macroevolution has an impact on microevolutionary processes as the evolution of new species affects the gene pool of the parent species. In essence, microevolution and macroevolution are part of the same process that leads to the biodiversity of life on Earth, which is a product of millions of years of evolution.
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[25 pts] Why could a spinal injury leave someone paralyzed? Please provide an explanation! Thanks :)
Answer:
a spinal injury could include pressure on the spine and swelling that puts pressure on the spinal cord and nerves which can produce paralyizing problems. also a broken disk can put pressure and block the nerve endings which may be severed to promote conduction between the nerves causing paralyizing effects.
Explanation:
Answer: A spinal cord injury (SCI) causes damage to the spinal cord in its function. Injuries can result anywhere from a simple pain to complete loss of sensation. A spinal injury can leave someone paralyzed because it is known as the brains relay system. So, if the brain can’t relay its messages to the rest of the body it May be paralyzed. One example would be T4 on the right and T6 on the left side of your body with little to no function.
Explanation: I hope this helps I tried my best<3
Explain how seed germination is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors? please help me im failing science!!
Answer:Germination is the process of seeds developing into new plants. First, environmental conditions must trigger the seed to grow. Usually, this is determined by how deep the seed is planted, water availability, and temperature. When water is plentiful, the seed fills with water in a process called imbibition. The water activates special proteins, called enzymes, that begin the process of seed growth. First the seed grows a root to access water underground. Next, the shoots, or growth above ground, begin to appear. The seed sends a shoot towards the surface, where it will grow leaves to harvest energy from the sun. The leaves continue to grow towards the light source in a process called photomorphogenesis.
Explanation:
2. Vegetable gardening produces fresh, nutritious food and provides the gardener with?
Vegetable gardening offers the gardener several advantages, including physical activity, mental health benefits, and a sense of accomplishment in addition to producing healthy, fresh food.
The first value in a fertiliser analysis reflects what percentage of nutrients?The first number indicates the quantity of elemental nitrogen (N), followed by the quantity of phosphorus (P), which is stated as P2O5 (phosphate), and the quantity of potassium (K), which is indicated by K2O. (potash).
Which fertilizers promotes plant growth the best?Many types of rich in nitrogen plants include it as the primary component because it is known that high-nitrogen fertilizers' cause enormous growth in plants. Nitrogen-rich fertilizers' will help give your foliage back its vibrant green hues.
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Which of the following conditions would restrict the ability of a plant to perform photosynthesis?
Answer:oxygen
Explanation: Plant photosynthesis require light ,CO2 , Water , light for photosynthesis
Formation of oxygen is the result of photosynthesis.
Answer: Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make their own food utilizing light, water, carbon dioxide, and temperature.
Explanation: Photosynthesis can be impacted by an unfavorable supply of the four factors mentioned above. As such, the following conditions can restrict the ability of a plant to perform photosynthesis:
Too high or too low external temperatureExposure to too much or little sunlight or natural light (absorbed through a pigment called chlorophyll)Lack of supply of carbon dioxide and oxygenExcess or little water supplyTo learn more about photosynthesis:
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A segment of mRNA has the sequence ugacauagc which of the following would represent the tRNA anticodons for this mRNA
Answer: Plant because they survive by water and sunlight.
Explanation:
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The lynx is a predatory cat that depends on the snowshoe hare for food. Review the trend in the graph. What
happens when the population of one species changes? What does this trend say about the interdependence of these
two species?
Answer:
When the snowshoe hare population rises and falls, the lynx population also rises and falls shortly afterward. This trend supports their interdependence. As the snowshoe hare population decreases, the lynx population runs out of food. So, the lynx population dwindles as well. When the snowshoe hare population increases again, the predatory lynx have more food to eat, and their population rises again.
Explanation:
it's the answer on edmentum
n eukaryotic cells, genes that are coordinately activated by a particular stimulus generally . a. are physically clustered in the same operon b. have short regulatory sequences in common in their promoters or enhancers c. are recogn
In eukaryotic cells, genes that are coordinately activated by a particular stimulus generally:
b. have short regulatory sequences in common in their promoters or enhancers and
c. are recognized by the same transcriptional activators.
What is transcription?The biological process through which a cell creates an RNA copy of a portion of DNA. The genetic material required to build proteins in a cell is carried by this RNA copy, known as messenger RNA (mRNA).
A strand of DNA's information gets replicated into a fresh messenger RNA molecule through a process called transcription (mRNA). DNA preserves genetic material as a reference or template securely and permanently in the cell nucleus.
Prokaryotes' cytoplasm and eukaryotes' nuclei are where the transcription process occurs. An RNA (mRNA) molecule is created using a template made of DNA. A complementary DNA and mRNA strand is created during transcription.
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The complete question is as follows:
In eukaryotic cells, genes that are coordinately activated by a particular stimulus generally ____.
A. are physically clustered in the same operon
B. have short regulatory sequences in common in their promoters or enhancers
C. are recognized by the same transcriptional activators
D. Both b and c.
E. All of the above.
The process of oxygen moving from the atmosphere into the alveoli is called: _________
The process of oxygen moving from the atmosphere into the alveoli is called respiration.
Each and every living thing engages in the metabolic process known as respiration. It is a type of biological reaction that takes place inside the cells of living organisms. During this process, the breakdown of glucose results in the production of energy in the form of ATP, also known as adenosine triphosphate, which is then used by cells to carry out a variety of operations.
The process of cellular respiration can take place either with or without the presence of oxygen. In essence, however, the process is referred to as cellular respiration due to the fact that the cell seems to "respire" in the sense that it consumes molecular oxygen (in the role of an electron acceptor) and exhales carbon dioxide (as an end product).
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A gene can be defined as which of the following
Answer:
A gene is an extremely specific sequence of nucleotide monomers that has the ability to completely or partially control the expression of one or more traits in every type of living organism. Genes are formed from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and, in the case of some viruses, ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymers.
Explanation:
Can I have brainliest
are these the question:
a specific chemical found in the nucleus of a cell that governs all aspects of its structure and function
a foreign protein that causes the immune system to create an antibody
an identifiable portion of a strand of DNA that contains the instructions for a single structure or function
a small, nontoxic amount of a foreign substance
Answers: C
21) The diagram below indicates modern classification of the relatedness of several groups of
organisms. Which two groups are most closely related?
a. Amniota and Diadectomorpha
b. Diadectomorpha and
Solenodonsaurus
c. Lysorophia and Microsauria
d. Nectridea and Aistopoda
c. es la repuesta amniota
Hydrangea flowers differ in color based on interactions between a pigment in the flower cells and aluminum ions dissolved in water absorbed from the soil. When aluminum ions are present, the pigment is blue; when aluminum ions are absent, the pigment is pink. The amount of aluminum ions the plant can absorb is dependent on the pH of the soil. Which of the following questions will best help a researcher design an experiment to learn about the relationship between hydrangea flower color, aluminum, and pH?
A. How do aluminum-pigment interactions change the structure of the pigment and flower color?
B. Can the pigment be used as an indicator of pH, because flower color depends on pH and aluminum?
C. Does an increase in hydrogen ion concentration affect the ability of the pigment to dissolve in water?
D. What will be the flower color of hydrangeas grown in soils of varying pH with or without aluminum?
The correct option is D i.e., What will be the flower color of hydrangeas grown in soils of varying pH with or without aluminum? will help the most researcher to design an experiment.
What is the ideal location to plant hydrangeas?Hydrangeas are frequently grown in beds adjacent to houses or fences. This is so because hydrangeas prefer the mild early sun to the hot afternoon sun. A protected area with sunny mornings and shaded afternoons is the ideal spot to plant hydrangeas.
What occurs if hydrangeas are not pruned?Hydrangeas can eventually resemble a tangled jumble of woody stalks if they aren't pruned, and their flowers will get smaller and less beautiful as a result. Lack of pruning is frequently the cause of your hydrangeas' failing to bloom.
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Definition of
(a)
Diploid.
(b)
Homologous.
Answer:
Diploid is a cell or organism that has paired chromosomes, one from each parent.
homologous is having the same relative position, value, or structure
Explanation:
● Hypothesis: Revise 1
To help your investigation, here is some more data about the farm.
How should I include my data?? Will give points and I picked natural selection
To write an inclusive hypothesis from investigation, it should be structured with Mechanism of Evolution, Hypothesis and Data.
How to hypothesize?Mechanism of Evolution
The mechanism of evolution that I think caused the increase in FQ resistance is natural selection. Natural selection is the process by which organisms that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. In this case, the bacteria that are resistant to FQ are more likely to survive and reproduce because they are not killed by the drug. This means that the population of bacteria will become more resistant to FQ over time.
Hypothesis
My hypothesis is that the increase in FQ resistance in the bacteria on the farm is due to natural selection. I believe that this is because the bacteria that are resistant to FQ are more likely to survive and reproduce, which means that the population of bacteria will become more resistant to FQ over time.
Data
The new data supports my hypothesis because it shows that the number of bacteria that are resistant to FQ has increased. The data also shows that the bacteria that are resistant to FQ are more likely to be found in the environment where the FQ is being used. This suggests that the bacteria are evolving to become resistant to the FQ.
How to Include the Data
You can include the data in your hypothesis by stating that the increase in FQ resistance is due to the fact that the bacteria that are resistant to FQ are more likely to survive and reproduce. You can also include the data by showing a graph of the number of bacteria that are resistant to FQ over time.
This is an example of how to include the data in the hypothesis:
I hypothesize that the increase in FQ resistance in the bacteria on the farm is due to natural selection. This is because the bacteria that are resistant to FQ are more likely to survive and reproduce, which means that the population of bacteria will become more resistant to FQ over time. The data supports this hypothesis because it shows that the number of bacteria that are resistant to FQ has increased. The data also shows that the bacteria that are resistant to FQ are more likely to be found in the environment where the FQ is being used. This suggests that the bacteria are evolving to become resistant to the FQ.
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let's say that two people (both heterozygotes) can taste a chemical substance called ptc. the ability to taste ptc is caused by a dominant allele (a). the inability to taste ptc is caused by a recessive allele (a). what proportion of the children of a cross between aa x aa would be expected not to taste ptc?
0% of their descendants proportion of the children of a cross between aa x aa would be expected not to taste ptc
A single gene with two alleles—the dominant allele "A" and the recessive allele "a"—determines the capacity to taste PTC. A person can taste PTC if they have two copies of the dominant allele "AA." A person cannot taste PTC if they carry two copies of the recessive gene "aa." A person may taste PTC if they possess one copy of each "Aa" allele.
When two heterozygotes "Aa" are bred, half of the progeny will have the dominant gene "A" and the other half will carry the recessive allele "a". Therefore, it is projected that 0% of their descendants would not taste PTC.
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Explain the process that links the physical sensory world and
the brain for each of the senses (vision, hearing, taste, smell,
and touch).
The process that links the physical sensory world and the brain for each of the senses (vision, hearing, taste, smell, and touch) is known as transduction.
Here's how transduction works for each of the senses:
1. Vision: The eye transduces light energy into neural impulses, which are then transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve.
2. Hearing: The ear transduces sound waves into neural impulses, which are then transmitted to the brain via the auditory nerve.
3. Taste: Taste buds on the tongue transduce chemical signals from food into neural impulses, which are then transmitted to the brain via the gustatory nerve.
4. Smell: Olfactory receptor cells in the nose transduce chemical signals from odors into neural impulses, which are then transmitted to the brain via the olfactory nerve.
5. Touch: Sensory receptors in the skin transduce physical pressure, temperature, and pain into neural impulses, which are then transmitted to the brain via various sensory nerves.
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1. What are the major sources of energy utilized during a 100 meter race, a 1000 meter race, and a marathon? 2. How are NADH and NADPH similar and how do they differ? Describe roles of each of these cofactors in 3. How is the hydrolysis of ATP coupled to reactions? What phosphate groups in ATP are used in energy How do runners transition from one energy source to another during the course of a marathon? human metabolism. coupling reactions and what phosphate group is not used? Why is the unused group not appropriate substrate for energy metabolism?
During a 100-meter race, the ATP-PCr system is the primary energy source, while a 1000-meter race relies more on aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. In a marathon, the aerobic system dominates, utilizing the breakdown of carbohydrates.
1. During a 100-meter race, the primary source of energy is derived from the ATP-PCr (adenosine triphosphate-phosphocreatine) system, which provides a quick burst of energy for short, intense efforts.
In a 1000-meter race, the aerobic energy system becomes more significant, utilizing a combination of aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP.
During a marathon, the aerobic system dominates, relying heavily on oxidative phosphorylation through the breakdown of carbohydrates and fats to produce ATP over an extended period.
2. NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) are both coenzymes derived from vitamin B3 (niacin) and play critical roles in cellular metabolism.
They are structurally similar but differ in their function and the reactions they participate in. NADH is primarily involved in catabolic reactions, such as the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, where it accepts and carries high-energy electrons to produce ATP.
NADPH, on the other hand, is involved in anabolic reactions, including fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, as well as providing reducing power for antioxidant defense and biosynthesis.
3. The hydrolysis of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is coupled to reactions through the transfer of the terminal phosphate group. When ATP is hydrolyzed, it releases energy and forms ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate (Pi).
This energy release is used to drive various cellular processes, such as muscle contraction, active transport, and enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The phosphate groups in ATP are labeled as alpha, beta, and gamma phosphates.
The terminal phosphate group, the gamma phosphate, carries the highest-energy bond, and its hydrolysis provides the energy needed for cellular work.
The unused phosphate group, the alpha phosphate, is not an appropriate substrate for energy metabolism because its hydrolysis does not release a significant amount of energy comparable to the gamma phosphate.
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Reminder: In guinea pigs, black eyes (BB, Bb) are dominant to red eyes (bb) Short hair (HH, Hh) is dominant to long hair (hh)
6. A guinea pig with long hair (hh) is crossed with one that has short hair (HH). Set up the Punnett square below.
What percentage of the offspring will have have short hair?
7. A guinea pig with long hair (hh) is crossed with one that has short hair (Hh). Set up the Punnett square below.
What percentage of the offspring will have have short hair?
7. A guinea pig with black eyes (8 b) is crossed with one that also has black eyes (Bb).
Set up the Punnett square below.
Answer:
Explanation:
to make a punnet square, you firs evaluate how many traits you want to find the probability of. In this case , we have two so it’s a square divided into 4 sections. Place the set of one trait on the vertical side and the other bit the horizontal. Then, combine with the dominant trait first(capitalized letter). Then you just count the probability.
When mendel crosses true-breeding tall plants with true-breeding short plants, all the offspring where tall becaus
At the beginning of cellular respiration _____ occurs, where glucose is broken down into pyruvate and ATP. This step does not reyuire any oxygen
A. the electron transport chai
B.the Krebs/citric acid cycle
C. glycolysis
D. alcohol fermentation
The beginning of cellular respiration, (C). glycolysis occurs, where glucose is broken down into pyruvate and ATP. This step does not require any oxygen.
Glycolysis is the process in which glucose is broken down to produce energy. It produces two molecules of pyruvate, ATP, NADH and water. The process takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell and does not require oxygen. It occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic organisms.
Glycolysis is the primary step of cellular respiration, which occurs in all organisms. Glycolysis is followed by the Krebs cycle during aerobic respiration. In the absence of oxygen, the cells make small amounts of ATP as glycolysis is followed by fermentation
The correct answer is C. Glycolysis occurs at the beginning of cellular respiration where glucose is broken down into pyruvate and ATP. This step does not require any oxygen.
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15.
Turn your attention to the pathways leading to the gray whales. What is
the maximum number of trophic levels you can find in any pathway
leading to the gray whales?
The pathway which starts from phytoplankton, crustacean Nauplii, crab larvae and ends with grey whale is the pathway which has maximum number of trophic levels.
What is trophic levels?The trophic level of an organism is the position that it occupies in a food web or in other words, the trophic level of an organism is the number of steps it is from the start of the chain.
In this graph, the pathway starts from phytoplankton which is eaten by crustacean Nauplii. This crustacean is again eaten by crab larvae and finally by the grey whale. This has maximum number of trophic levels as compared to other pathway.
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In a trophic web there are several trophic chains, each with varying number of levels. In the exposed example, the maximum number of trophic levels in the pathways leading to the gray whales is four.
Trophic web
When talking about the trophic web, we refer to the energy transference from one organism to the other.
These organisms place at different levels. Each level feeds on the anterior one and gets eaten by the next one.
The first link is composed of organisms that take radiation energy to produce organic compounds. These are autotroph organisms or producers.
The following links are the consumers:
Herbivores are primary consumers and feed on producers. Carnivores are secondary consumers that feed on herbivores.
Tertiary consumers feed on secondary consumers, and so on.
The last links are the decomposers, fungi, and microorganisms that act on dead animals degrading organic matter.
Any change that occurs at any of the links will immediately affect the other links too. It will cause an increase or decrease in their population sizes.
In the exposed image of a trophic web, we can identify three trophic chains,
1) From phytoplancton to euphasiids
From euphasiids to Gray whales
There are three levels:
Phytoplancton ⇒ producer, Euphasiids ⇒ primary consumer,Gray whales ⇒ secondary consumer.2) From phytoplancton to crustacean Nauplii
From crustacean Nauplii to Crab larvae
Fom Crab Larvae to Gray whales.
There are four levels:
Phytoplancton ⇒ producer, crustacean Nauplii ⇒ primary consumer,Crab larvae ⇒ secondary consumer,Gray whales ⇒ tertiary consumer.3) From phytoplancton to copepods
From copepods to Crab larvae
Fom Crab Larvae to Gray whales.
There are three levels:
Phytoplancton ⇒ producer, Copepods ⇒ primary consumer,Crab larvae ⇒ secondary consumer,Gray whales ⇒ tertiary consumer.The maximum number of trophic levels is four.
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What level of organization is represented by each image?
A:___
B:___
C:___
Answer:
A: Cell
B: Organ
C: Tissue
Describe at least two of the four major systems we looked at in class: Ice, Water, Land, Atmosphere and
provide a specific example of how these systems are connected to one another
What is the experiment group of an experiment?
a group of participants in a research study who are exposed to a particular manipulation of the independent variable (i.e., a particular treatment or treatment level). The responses of the experimental group are compared to the responses of a control group, other experimental groups, or both.
Answer:
An experimental group (sometimes called a treatment group) is a group that receives a treatment in an experiment. The “group” is made up of test subjects (people, animals, plants, cells etc.) and the “treatment” is the variable you are studying. ... The group that does not receive the treatment is called the control group
1. If Mr. and Mrs. Weasley are a wizard and a witch, what are their genotypes?
2. What must be the genotype of all of their children (Bill, Charlie, Percy, Fred, George, Ron, and Ginny)? ___
3. Draw a pedigree for the Weasley family below. Use shading to indicate genotype. Also, write the names and genotypes below each of the circles or squares.
Answer:
Wizard and Witch, magic???? not sure what a pedigree is
Explanation:
glycolipids are usually found on the exterior surface of the plasma membrane. question 10 options: true false
Only the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane contains glycolipids, and those sections that contain carbohydrates are visible on the cell surface therefore the statement is true.
They make up just around 2% of the lipids in the majority of plasma membranes, making them relatively insignificant membrane constituents.
The fluid mosaic hypothesis postulates that the plasma membrane is composed of a mosaic of components, the primary ones of which are phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins, that can freely and fluidly move in the plane of the membrane.
If you insert a very fine needle into a cell, the membrane will simply part to flow around the needle. Once the needle is removed, the membrane will flow back together seamlessly. It is interesting to note that this fluidity means that the membrane will simply part to flow around the needle if you insert a very fine needle.
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which of the following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after closure of the epiphyseal plates?
The following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after closure of the epiphyseal plates is growth hormone (GH)
Acromegaly is a condition where the hands, feet, and face grow more than normal, which is caused by the hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) in adults. GH stimulates growth in children and adolescents by promoting cell division and the production of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in the liver. After puberty, the epiphyseal plates fuse and stop growing. In adults, the hypersecretion of GH results in acromegaly. GH is a hormone that is produced and released by the pituitary gland, which is located at the base of the brain.
If the pituitary gland produces too much GH, it can lead to acromegaly. The excess GH causes the bones and soft tissues in the body to grow abnormally, this can cause a range of symptoms, including enlarged hands and feet, thickened facial features, and joint pain and stiffness. In conclusion, hypersecretion of Growth Hormone (GH) can cause acromegaly in adults. Acromegaly is characterized by the enlargement of the hands, feet, and face, it can also lead to a range of other symptoms, such as joint pain and stiffness.
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Globular proteins are usually all EXCEPT?
a. Insoluble in water.
b. Roughly spherical.
c. Folded so that the hydrophobic amino acids are in the interior of the molecule
Globular proteins are usually insoluble in water.
In terms of structure, globular proteins are folded in such a way that their tertiary structures are made up of polar amino acids that are ordered on the exterior and the non-polar amino acids that are placed on the inside. Globular proteins are typically spherical in shape.
They are also referred to as sphero-proteins, and they have a mediocre water solubility. Because the non-polar amino acids on the inside of the protein globules, which are not in direct contact with water, make this type of protein soluble. Polar amino acids are present on the globules' exterior, where they interact with water to turn it into a soluble material.
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Draw and/or describe the various inputs to the respiratory
centers in humans (6 pts). Please type out answer.
The respiratory centers in humans are crucial for the regulation of breathing in the body. The centers responsible for breathing in the body are located in the medulla oblongata and the pons of the brainstem. There are a variety of inputs that contribute to the regulation of the respiratory centers in humans.
The respiratory centers receive various inputs, including arterial blood gas concentrations, lung stretch receptors, peripheral and central chemoreceptors, and higher brain centers. The arterial blood gas concentration is the primary input, and it includes the levels of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and hydrogen ions in the blood.
When there is an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration in the blood, it results in an increase in ventilation. On the other hand, a decrease in the carbon dioxide concentration in the blood results in a decrease in ventilation.
The lung stretch receptors contribute to the regulation of the respiratory centers by monitoring the lung volumes. The receptors detect the lung expansion and contraction and send information to the respiratory centers to regulate ventilation.
Peripheral chemoreceptors are found in the carotid and aortic bodies, and they detect changes in the blood oxygen levels. Central chemoreceptors are located in the medulla oblongata and detect changes in the blood carbon dioxide levels.
Higher brain centers, including the cerebral cortex, limbic system, and hypothalamus, can also influence the respiratory centers. These centers are responsible for the regulation of the voluntary breathing that occurs during activities like speaking or singing.
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please help
1. what is a general preventative measure that ensure that pigs are not infested with worms ?
2. what are tbe external parasites that can affect pigs ?
3. what are two control measure that can be applied for external Parasites ?
Answer:
your a parasite.
Explanation:
you didn't give the question to go with the answers
HELP, can someone fact check this?!!
Answer:
looks right to me g
Explanation: