The position of the image, if the object moved to new position 20.0 cm from the mirror is 5.7372 cm.
As per the lens equation,
\(\frac{1}{p1} +\frac{1}{q1} =\frac{1}{f}\)
Since, p1 is the position of object initially, q1 is the position of the image initially and f is the focal length of the lens.
\(\frac{1}{10.4} +\frac{1}{7.8} =\frac{1}{f}\)
\(0.0961+0.1282=\frac{1}{f}\)
\(f=4.458\) is the focal length of the given lens.
Then the object moved to second position of p2=20.0 cm from the mirror.
So, \(\frac{1}{p2} +\frac{1}{q2} =\frac{1}{f}\)
\(\frac{1}{20} +\frac{1}{q2} =\frac{1}{4.458}\)
\(\frac{1}{q2}=0.2243-\frac{1}{20}\)
\(\frac{1}{q2}=0.1743\)
Hence, q2=5.7372 cm is the new position of the image.
Initially, the object placed 10.40 cm from the mirror, then the image formed at 7.80 cm, then the object moved to 20.0 cm from the mirror, then the new image formed at 5.74 cm.
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How much heat energy is required to raise the temperature of 7 kg of Copper from 0°C to 10°C?
Answer:
H= Mass × specific heat capacity ×change in temperature
= 2×380×(10-0)
=2×380×10
=7600 Joules
Explain why adding ice to a drink can cause water droplets (condensation) to appear on the outside of the glass?
Answer:
it just condensed you know it isn't a big deal whatever happens does change anything
A cylindrical water tank is 6.0 ft in diameter and 10 ft tall. Find (a) the pressure on the bottom, and (b) the total weight of water it contains when full.
For part A I got 298704 pa but need help on part B please.
Answer:
(a) - P = 29870.4 Pa
(b) - w = 78498 N
Explanation:
(a) - To find the pressure on the bottom of a cylindrical water tank, we can use the formula for hydrostatic pressure:
P = ρgh
Where...
"P" is the pressure, our unknown"ρ" is the density of the liquid (In our case ρ=1000 kg/m³)"g" is the acceleration due to gravity, 9.8 m/s"h" is the depth of the liquid, h=10ft≈3.048mSubstitute our values into the formula:
=> P = (1000)(9.8)(3.048)
∴ P = 29870.4 Pa
(b) - To determine the total weight of water contained when the tank is full, we can compute the volume of the tank and then multiply it by the density of water.
Volume of a cylinder is: V = πr²h
Where...
"r" is the radius, which is 3 ft"h" is the height, which is 10 ft=> V = π(3)²(10)
=> V = 90π ≈ 282.7 ft³
Since one cubic foot equals approximately 0.0283 m³, we have:
V = 8.01 m³
Finding the mass:
mass = volume * density
=> mass = (8.01)(1000)
∴ mass = 8010 kg
Lastly, finding the weight:
weight = mass * gravity
=> weight = (8010)(9.8)
∴ weight = 78498 N
Of orbital radius, orbital velocity, orbital circumference, or radial area swept through, which of these stays constant according to one of Kepler’s Laws?
a. orbital distance
b. radial area swept through
c. none of these
d. orbital velocity
Answer:
dyow
Explanation:
sorrrey
earth's magnetosphere is generated by question 12 options: 1) dynamo-like motions in earth's interior. 2) nuclear fusion in earth's core. 3) nuclear fission in earth's core. 4) gravitational accretion.
Earth's inner movements resemble dynamos and produce the magnetosphere. The magnetosphere of Earth is a dynamic, networked system that reacts to solar, planetary, and interstellar circumstances.
The area surrounding a planet where the magnetic field of the planet is dominant is called a magnetosphere. All of the rocky planets in our solar system have magnetospheres, but Earth's is the strongest. The enormous, comet-shaped bubble that makes up Earth's magnetosphere has been essential to the planet's capacity to support life. This magnetic environment has protected life on Earth from its inception and continues to do so. The magnetosphere protects our planet from solar and cosmic ray radiation as well as the solar wind's steady stream of charged particles that stream off the sun, which may erode the atmosphere.
Due to the convective motion of charged,
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the force f between two charges q^(1) and q^(2) in a vacuum is proportional to the product of the charges and is inversely proportional to the square of the distance d between the two charges solve the formula for k
From the formula for coulomb's, the formula for k would be k = Fd²/q1q2.
How to determine the formula for K when using Coulomb's Law?Here, we are required to solve for k from the Coulomb's formula, F=kq1q2/d².
Solving the formula for k, we obtain;
k = Fd²/q1q2
To solve the formula for k, we need to make k the subject of the formula;
F = kq1q2/d²
Then, F × d² = kq1q2
Therefore, to make k the subject of the formula; we divide both sides of the equation by q1q2.
Therefore, k = Fd²/q1q2.
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Complete question
Coulomb's Law is given by the formula
F=kq1q2/d2
The force F between two charges q1 and q2 in a vacuum is proportional to the product of the charges, and is inversely proportional to the square of the distance d between the two charges. Solve the formula for k.
To weigh a fish, a person hangs a tackle box of mass 3. 5 kilograms and a cooler of mass 5 kilograms from the ends of a uniform rigid pole that is suspended by a rope attached to its center. The system balances when the fish hangs at a point 1/4 of the rod's length from the tackle box. What is the mass of the fish?
A) 1. 5 kg
B) 2 kg
C) 3 kg
D) 6 kg
E) 6. 5 kg
The mass of the fish is 3 kg.
What is mass?
In physics, mass is a proportion of how much matter is in an item. It is typically estimated in kilograms (kg). Mass is a scalar amount, meaning it just has size and no course.
Mass is unique in relation to weight, which is the force applied to an item because of gravity. Mass is an inherent property of an item and doesn't rely upon its location or environment. Weight, then again, relies upon the gravitational force and can change depending on the location.
rotational equilibrium
(3.5 )(9.8)(L/2) + m(9.8)(L/4) - (5)(9.8)(L/2) = 0
34.3(L/2)+9.8m(L/4)- 49(L/2)=0
34.3(L/2)- 49(L/2)+9.8m(L/4)=0
-14.7(L/2)+9.8m(L/4)=0
-7.35L+2.45mL=0
2.45mL=7.35L
m=7.35L/2.45L
m = 3 kg.
thus mass of the fish is 3 kg.
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A box moves through a displacement of 4 m
while a force of 12 Newton acts on it. What is
the work done by the force on the box?
Answer:
48
Explanation:
Force = Mass x Acceleration
You need eye drops for your dry eyes. You brought only a few dollars with you to the store. Which is the best method of choosing the right eye drops to buy for your soft contact lenses
Answer:
Compare brands first, but purchase the one that has lots of commercial advertisements, Compare ingredients and purchase the brand that is safe to use with soft contact lenses, Compare prices and purchase the most inexpensive brand.
Explanation:
A football is kicked with a speed of 18 m/s at an angle of 65° to the horizontal. How far does the football travel horizontally before it hits the ground?
The horizontal distance traveled by the football is determined as 25.33 m.
Horizontal distance traveled by the football
The horizontal distance traveled by the football is calculated as follows;
X = u²sin(2θ)/g
where;
u is the initial speedg is acceleration due to gravityX = (18² x sin(2 x 65))/9.8
X = 25.33 m
Thus, the horizontal distance traveled by the football is determined as 25.33 m.
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Consider two sizes of disk, both of mass M. One size of disk has radius R; the other has radius 4R. System A consists of two of the larger disks rigidly connected to each other with a common axis of rotation. System B consists of one of the larger disks and a number of the smaller disks rigidly connected with a common axis of rotation. If the moment of inertia for system A equals the moment of inertia for system B, how many of the smaller disks are in system B?
Answer:
4 smaller disks
Explanation:
We are given;
Mass of smaller and larger disks = M
Radius of smaller disk = R
Radius of larger disk = 4R
Formula for moment of inertia about cylinder axis is:
I = ½MR²
Thus;
For small disk, I_small = ½MR²
For large disk, I_large = ½M(2R)² = 2MR²
We are told that moment of inertia of System A consists of two of the larger disks. Thus;
I_A = 2 × I_large = 2 × 2MR²
I_A = 4MR²
We are also told that System B consists of one of the larger disks and a number of the smaller disks. Thus;
I_B = I_large + n(I_small)
Where n is the number of smaller disks.
I_B = 2MR² + n(½MR²)
I_B = MR²(2 + n/2)
We are told that the moment of inertia for system A equals the moment of inertia for system B. Thus;
I_A = I_B
So;
4MR² = MR²(2 + n/2)
MR² will cancel out to give;
4 = 2 + n/2
Multiply through by 2 to give;
8 = 4 + n
n = 8 - 4
n = 4
What forces are acting upon a book sitting
on a
countertop?
Using a lever, Tallulah is able to lift a 10,000 N car off of the ground with a force of 1000 N. What is the mechanical advantage of the lever?
The mechanical advantage of the of the lever is determined as 10.
What is mechanical advantage?A mechanical advantage is a form of calculation that measures the amplified force taken by the mechanical system.
Mathematically, the formula for mechanical advantage is given as follows;
M.A = load / effort
In this question the load is given as 10,000 N
The effort applied in lifting the car is given as 1000 N
The mechanical advantage of the of the lever is calculated as follows;
M.A = load / effort
M.A = 10,000 N / 1000 N
M.A = 10
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A force of 75 n is applied to a nutcracker the force of the nutcracker applies to the walnut is 262. 5 what is the mechanical advantage?
The mechanical advantage of the nutcracker is 3.5.
The Mechanical Advantage (MA) is a measure of how much a machine, such as a nutcracker, amplifies the input force. It is calculated by dividing the output force by the input force.
In your scenario, an input force of 75 N (Newtons) is applied to the nutcracker, and the output force exerted on the walnut is 262.5 N. To find the mechanical advantage, we will use the formula:
MA = Output Force / Input Force
Plugging in the values from your question, we have:
MA = 262.5 N / 75 N
MA = 3.5
The mechanical advantage of the nutcracker in this situation is 3.5. This means that the nutcracker amplifies the applied force by 3.5 times, allowing you to crack the walnut with greater ease. A higher mechanical advantage indicates that the machine is more effective at increasing the applied force, making tasks easier to accomplish.
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What is the velocity of a jet that travels 785 m [W] in 2.39 s?
Answer:
v = 328.4
Explanation:
Data:
Distance (d) = 785 mTime (t) = 2.39 sVelocity (v) = ?Use formula:
\(\boxed{v = \frac{d}{t}}\)Replace:
\(\boxed{v = \frac{785m}{2.39s}}\)It divides:
\(\boxed{v = 328.4\frac{m}{s}}}\)What is the velocity?
The velocity is 328.4 meters per second.
The velocity of a jet that travels 785 m [W] in 2.39 s would be 328.45 m/s.
What is Velocity?The total displacement covered by any object per unit of time is known as velocity. It depends on the magnitude as well as the direction of the moving object. The unit of velocity is a meter/second.
As given in the problem we have to find the velocity of a jet that travels 785 m [W] in 2.39 s,
The total displacement covered by the jet = 785 m
The total time taken by the jet = 2.39 s
the velocity of the jet = total displacement covered by the jet /time
=785 m/2.39 s
=328.45 m/s.
Thus, the velocity of the jet would be 328.45 m/s.
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A wombat runs south in a straight line with an average velocity of 5 m/s for 4
minutes and then with an average velocity of 4 m/s for 3 minutes in the same
direction.
What is the wombats total displacement?
What is the average velocity during that time?
We have that
The wombats total displacement is
\(d_t=2100m\)
The average velocity during that time is
\(v_{avg}=5m/s\)
From the question we are told that:
initial Velocity \(V_1=5m/s\)
initial Time \(T_1=4min=>240sec\)
Final Velocity \(V_2=4m/s\)
Final time \(T_2=3min=>180sec\)
a)
Generally, the equation for displacement is mathematically given by
d_t=(Initial +final) displacement
Where
initial displacement
\(d_1=V_1*t_1\\\\d_1=5*240\)
\(d_1=1200m\)
Final displacement
\(d_2=V_2*t_2\\\\d_2=5*180\)
\(d_2=900m\)
Therefore
\(d_t=(Initial +final) displacement\)
\(d_t=1200+900\)
\(d_t=2100m\)
b)
Generally, the equation for Average velocity is mathematically given by
\(v_{avg}=\frac{d_t}{t_1+t_2}\)
\(v_{avg}=\frac{2100m}{240+180}\)
\(v_{avg}=5m/s\)
in conclusion
The wombats total displacement is
\(d_t=2100m\)
The average velocity during that time is
\(v_{avg}=5m/s\)
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at equal pressure, less lp gas will flow through an orifice than natural gas.T/F?
At equal pressure, less lp(liquefied petroleum) gas will flow through an orifice than natural gas. False.
At equal pressure, LP (liquefied petroleum) gas will generally flow through an orifice more easily than natural gas. This is due to the differences in the physical properties of the two gases.
LP gas, such as propane or butane, is stored in a liquid state under pressure. When the pressure is released, it vaporizes and becomes a gas. As a result, LP gas has a higher energy content and a higher vapor pressure compared to natural gas.
On the other hand, natural gas primarily consists of methane and is typically supplied through pipelines. It is in a gaseous state at normal atmospheric conditions.
When an orifice or a restricted opening is present, the flow rate of gas is determined by several factors, including the pressure difference across the orifice, the size of the orifice, and the properties of the gas.
Given equal pressure conditions, LP gas will tend to flow more readily through an orifice compared to natural gas. This is because LP gas has a higher vapor pressure, which means it has a greater tendency to expand and fill the available space. The higher energy content of LP gas also contributes to its ability to flow more easily through the orifice.
Therefore, the statement that less LP gas will flow through an orifice than natural gas at equal pressure is false. LP gas is expected to flow more readily through the orifice compared to natural gas.
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The main reason a person weighs less at the equator than at the poles involves theA) spin of the Earth.B) influence of the Sun, Moon, and all the planets.C) law of action and reaction
The main reason a person weighs less at the equator than at the poles is due to the Earth's rotation, which causes a centrifugal force at the equator due to law of planet motion.
This centrifugal force is caused by the Earth's rotation around its axis, which is faster at the equator than at the poles. As a result, objects at the equator are moving faster and experience a weaker gravitational pull towards the Earth's center compared to objects at the poles due to law of planet motion.
The difference in gravitational force between the equator and the poles is relatively small, around 0.5%, but it is still measurable. The gravitational force at the poles is stronger because the Earth's rotation is slower there, so there is less centrifugal force pushing objects away from the Earth's center.
The influence of the Sun, Moon, and planets on a person's weight is much smaller than the effect of the Earth's rotation. These celestial bodies do have an effect on the Earth's gravitational field, but their impact is relatively minor compared to the Earth's rotation.
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A cannon is fired horizontally from the edge of a 100 meter tall cliff. The muzzle velocity of the cannon is 180 m/s . How far from the base of the cliff does the hall land?
A-.55m
B-813.16m
C-3673.47
D-700m
Answer:
B - 813.16 m
Explanation:
First, find the time it takes to land. Given in the y direction:
Δy = 100 m
v₀ = 0 m/s
a = 9.8 m/s²
Find: t
Δy = v₀ t + ½ at²
100 m = (0 m/s) t + ½ (9.8 m/s²) t²
t = 4.52 s
Now find the distance traveled in that time. Given in the x direction:
v₀ = 180 m/s
a = 0 m/s²
t = 4.52 s
Find: Δx
Δx = v₀ t + ½ at²
Δx = (180 m/s) (4.52 s) + ½ (0 m/s²) (4.52 s)²
Δx = 813.16 m
An ocean fishing boat is drifting just above a school oftuna on a foggy day. Without warning, an engine backfireoccurs on another boat at a distance of d = 1.55 km(Figure 1). The speed of sound in air is 343 m/s, and insea water is 1560 m/s.How much time elapses before the backfire is heard by the fish?
d = vt
d= distance = 1.55 km = 1550 m
v = speed = ( for the fish use the speed in sea water ) = 1560 m/s
t = time
t= d/ v = 1550 m/ 1560 m/s = 0.99 s = 1 second
Which force does not operate at a distance of 1 m?
A. Weak nuclear
O B. Electric
C. Gravitational
D. Magnetic
Answer:
A
Explanation:
7. A 100 kg log is dragged across a horizontal siand of concrete. 7.1 Show by calculation that the weight of the log is 980 N. Use the equation w = mg in which g = 9,8 m.s-2. (Refer back to Unit 6 on page 30.)
The weight of the log is 980N
What is the Weight of an object?
The force of gravity acting on an object is its weight, which is equal to its mass times the acceleration of gravity, or w = mg. The newton is the SI unit for weight since it is a force.
The weight of a 100 kg log can be calculated using the equation w = mg,
where m is the mass of the log (100 kg) and g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s^2).
So, w = (100 kg)(9.8 m/s^2) = 980 N.
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Substance de compones at a rate proportional to the amount of A prosent. It is found that a tb of A will reduce to 4 lb in 38 hr. Anar how long wil there be only 16 2 There will be 1 to left?
The substance will be reduced to 1/16 of A present, that is 1 lb, in 95 hours.
Let the initial amount of A present be X lb. The rate of decomposition of A is proportional to the amount of A present. Therefore, the rate of decomposition = k * X where k is the proportionality constant. We know that 1 lb of A will reduce to 4 lb in 38 hours. So, the rate of decomposition = X/38.
Also, the rate of decomposition = k * X. Comparing both the equations, k = 1/38. Therefore, the rate of decomposition = X/38A substance will reduce to 1/16 of A present i.e., X/16. Using the equation for the rate of decomposition, we get, X/16 = (1/38)*X*(t). Simplifying, we get t = 95 hrs. Hence, the substance will be reduced to 1/16 of A present, that is 1 lb, in 95 hours.
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An object on Earth's surface has a mass of 18.7 kg. The object's weight is ________ N.
Answer:
The mass of an object is the same on Earth, in orbit, or on the surface of the Moon. ... the absence of air resistance, all objects fall with the same acceleration g. ... A 1.0-kg mass thus has a weight of 9.8 N on Earth and only about 1.7 N ... What force does he apply if the stone accelerates at a rate of 1.5m/s2?
Explanation:
Fly to Point 1. In what kind of glacial landform is this lake found?
The lake at Point 1 is found in a cirque glacial landform.
A cirque is a bowl-shaped depression that forms at the head of a glacier due to erosion by ice. As the glacier moves downhill, it carves out a basin in the mountain or valley, creating a steep-sided hollow with a rounded or semi-circular shape. When the glacier retreats, the cirque may fill with water to form a lake, which is called a tarn.
In this case, the lake at Point 1 is located at the bottom of a steep-walled valley with a semi-circular shape, which is characteristic of a cirque. Therefore, we can conclude that the lake at Point 1 is a tarn formed in a cirque glacial landform.
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Look at the diagram below. What is the size of the overall force on the boat?
Enter your answer as a number
N
30 N
45 N
Answer all of these questions and you will get the brainlist
Please help. Will give Brainlist.
Answer:
No and yes it's like a 30%or 20%
Explanation:
"researchers say that there is no proof that dimples are inherited."
meaning that if the mom or dad had dimples it might have a chance or no since a dominant trait not a recessive trait
Gravitational force between two masses m, and m, is represented as F Gm₂ m₂ 7 where = xi+yj + zk and Irl=√√x² + y² + z² G,m,, m₂ are nonzero constants and let's assume that I 0 a) Calculate curl of and divergence of F (4 points) b) Show the integral ffdf is path independent and calculate following (4 points) (11) 우리가 일반물리 시간에 중력장을 이용한 포텐셜은 위치의 함수라는 걸 배운게 기억이 날겁니다. 이 문제는 사실 vector function 에 대한 문제인데 (9.10.11 단원), 우리가 배운 수학적 도구를 가지고 한번쯤 생각해볼 필요가 있어서 넣었습니다.
Gravitational force between two masses m, and m, is represented as F = Gm₂ m₂ / r^2 where r = xi+yj + zkG, m, m₂ are nonzero constants and let's assume that I = 0
a) Calculation:For F = Gm₂ m₂ / r^2.
Using r = xi+yj + zk and let r^2 = x^2 + y^2 + z^2∴ F = Gm₂ m₂ / (x^2 + y^2 + z^2), Where G, m, m₂ are nonzero constants. Divergence of F = ∇ · F= 1/r^2(d/dx(r^2Fx) + d/dy(r^2Fy) + d/dz(r^2Fz))= 1/r^2(d/dx(r^2Gm₂ m₂ x/(x^2+y^2+z^2)^(3/2)) + d/dy(r^2Gm₂ m₂ y/(x^2+y^2+z^2)^(3/2)) + d/dz(r^2Gm₂ m₂ z/(x^2+y^2+z^2)^(3/2)))= 1/r^2(d/dx(r^2Gm₂ m₂ x/(x^2+y^2+z^2)) * (x^2+y^2+z^2)^(3/2) + d/dy(r^2Gm₂ m₂ y/(x^2+y^2+z^2)) * (x^2+y^2+z^2)^(3/2) + d/dz(r^2Gm₂ m₂ z/(x^2+y^2+z^2)) * (x^2+y^2+z^2)^(3/2))= 1/r^2(Gm₂ m₂ [2x(x^2+y^2+z^2)-3x^2]/(x^2+y^2+z^2)^(5/2) + Gm₂ m₂ [2y(x^2+y^2+z^2)-3y^2]/(x^2+y^2+z^2)^(5/2) + Gm₂ m₂ [2z(x^2+y^2+z^2)-3z^2]/(x^2+y^2+z^2)^(5/2))= 1/r^2(Gm₂ m₂ [(2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-3x^2)/(x^2+y^2+z^2)^(3/2)] + [2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-3y^2]/(x^2+y^2+z^2)^(3/2)] + [2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-3z^2]/(x^2+y^2+z^2)^(3/2)])= 1/r^2(Gm₂ m₂ [x^2+y^2+z^2]/(x^2+y^2+z^2)^(3/2))= 0.
Curl of F = ∇ × F= i(d/dy(Fz) - d/dz(Fy)) - j(d/dx(Fz) - d/dz(Fx)) + k(d/dx(Fy) - d/dy(Fx))= i(d/dy(Gm₂ m₂ z/(x^2+y^2+z^2)) - d/dz(Gm₂ m₂ y/(x^2+y^2+z^2))) - j(d/dx(Gm₂ m₂ z/(x^2+y^2+z^2)) - d/dz(Gm₂ m₂ x/(x^2+y^2+z^2))) + k(d/dx(Gm₂ m₂ y/(x^2+y^2+z^2)) - d/dy(Gm₂ m₂ x/(x^2+y^2+z^2)))= i(Gm₂ m₂ [-2xz]/(x^2+y^2+z^2)^(5/2)) - j(Gm₂ m₂ [-2yz]/(x^2+y^2+z^2)^(5/2)) + k(Gm₂ m₂ [(x^2+y^2-2z^2)]/(x^2+y^2+z^2)^(5/2))
b) Calculation:The line integral of F along a curve C can be evaluated by the following formula∫C F.dr = ∫∫ ( ∇ x F) ds, Where r is the position vector of the curve, s is the scalar parameter representing the curve, and the integral is evaluated from the initial point to the final point.
Using the curl of F obtained in part a) and for the surface with ∂S as C∫C F.dr = ∫∫ ( ∇ x F) ds= ∫∫ curl(F) ds= ∫∫ (-2xz i -2yz j + (x^2+y^2-2z^2)k) ds...[1]
Let's consider the surface S as a plane perpendicular to the z-axis of the form ax+by+c=0 and the curve C as the intersection of the plane and the cylinder x^2 + y^2 = a^2.
Let's choose the unit normal to the surface S as k (along the z-axis).
The curl of F is a vector field perpendicular to the plane and along the direction of k.
Thus the integral can be written as∫C F.dr = ∫∫ ( ∇ x F) . k ds= ∫∫ (x^2+y^2-2z^2) ds...[2]
Now let's evaluate the integral over the given plane ax+by+c=0. We can write x = t, y = (c-at)/b and z = 0, where t is the scalar parameter along the line of intersection of the plane and the cylinder (x^2 + y^2 = a^2).
Since the curve C is on the cylinder of radius a, we have x^2+y^2 = a^2 ⇒ t^2+(c-at)^2/b^2 = a^2On solving for t, we have t = (bc±ab √(a^2-b^2-c^2))/[a^2+b^2].
Substituting t in x and y, we get the curve C in the x-y plane as a function of the scalar parameter s asx = (bc±ab √(a^2-b^2-c^2))/[a^2+b^2]y = (c-at)/b= (c-(bc±ab √(a^2-b^2-c^2))/[a^2+b^2])/b.
Now we can evaluate the integral over the curve C, which is along the intersection of the plane and the cylinder.
Integral over C (x^2+y^2-2z^2) ds= ∫t₁^t₂ [(t^2 + [(c-at)^2]/b^2 - 2(0)^2)^(1/2)] dt= ∫t₁^t₂ [(a^2-b^2-c^2)t^2+2bc(c-at)+b^2c^2-a^2b^2]^(1/2) dt.
Now we can choose the value of t₁ and t₂ such that the square root in the integrand is minimized (so that the integral is path-independent).
This can be done by choosing the value of t that gives the minimum value of (a^2-b^2-c^2)t^2+2bc(c-at)+b^2c^2-a^2b^2 over the range of t from t₁ to t₂.
On differentiation with respect to t and equating to 0, we get the value of t = bc/(a^2+b^2).
Substituting this value of t in the integrand, we get the minimum value of the square root in the integrand to be |c| √(a^2+b^2)/|b|.
Thus the integral over C is given by∫C F.dr = ∫∫ (-2xz i -2yz j + (x^2+y^2-2z^2)k) ds= ∫∫ (x^2+y^2-2z^2) ds= ∫t₁^t₂ |c| √(a^2+b^2)/|b| dt= |c| √(a^2+b^2)/|b| (t₂-t₁).
Now we can see that the integral is path-independent as it depends only on the end points t₁ and t₂ and not on the path taken to reach them.
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What are the 5 main interactions of light with matter?
In the actual world, there are five primary types of interactions between light and matter. These are emission, scattering, reflection, absorption, and transmission.
What is the interaction of light with solid?Maxwell's equations, which regard the solid as a continuum and result in its optical characteristics as a measure of the frequency of the electromagnetic energy: the complex dielectric constant, are used to explain the interaction of light with solids.
What happens as light and matter interact?As light enters a material, transmission happens. As light moves across a medium, it may do so without being distorted or dispersed by the medium. When light transmits its energy to matter instead of being reflected nor transmitted by it, this is known as absorption of light.
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