A testable explanation of or answer to a scientific question that is based on prior knowledge or research is a(n)

Answer: Submarine

Explanation:

Depends on the size and weight of the sailboat and submarine but the submarine will have more momentum because it is heavier.

Option B:

A mixture of ethanol and water (CH3CH2OH and H₂O) will form a homogenous solution.

Homogeneous solutions are solutions with uniform composition and properties throughout the solution.

Thus, from the given options, a mixture of ethanol and water (CH3CH2OH and H₂O) will form a homogenous solution.

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Explanation:

This formula above indicates that each of the molecules of water contains one oxygen (O) and two hydrogens (H). The way to create a molecule of H2O is called bonding.

It is also known that water is referred to as the liquid state of H2O.

The compound CH₃OCHO is known as methyl glyoxal or pyruvaldehyde. Its molecular formula is C₃H₄O₂.

Methyl glyoxal or pyruvaldehyde is known to have a pungent odor. It has been described as having a sharp, acrid smell that is similar to that of formaldehyde or acrolein. The odor of pyruvaldehyde can be irritating to the eyes, nose, and throat, and it can cause respiratory problems if inhaled in large quantities. The odor of methyl glyoxal or pyruvaldehyde has been described in several chemical and safety databases.

One of the most important factors that predict a molecule's smell is the presence of functional groups, which are groups of atoms that impart characteristic chemical and physical properties to a molecule. The pungent odor of methyl glyoxal is thought to be associated with its carbonyl functional group (C=O), which is a common feature of many aldehydes and ketones. In the case of methyl glyoxal, the carbonyl group is located at the center of the molecule, and it is flanked by two methyl groups and a hydroxyl group, which likely contribute to the molecule's overall odor.

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The best way to measure the pH of a natural solution while out in a forest is to use a portable pH meter or pH test strips specifically designed for field use. These instruments provide accurate and reliable pH measurements and are convenient for outdoor applications.

1. Prepare the necessary equipment: Before heading out to the forest, gather the required tools. You will need a portable pH meter or pH test strips, as well as the necessary reagents or calibration solutions if using a pH meter.

2. Collect the sample: Locate the natural solution you want to measure the pH of, such as a stream, pond, or soil. Use a clean container to collect a representative sample of the solution.

3. Calibrate the pH meter (if applicable): If you are using a portable pH meter, it is essential to calibrate it before taking measurements. Follow the manufacturer's instructions to calibrate the meter using the provided calibration solutions.

4. Conduct the measurement: For pH meters, immerse the electrode into the collected sample. Allow some time for the reading to stabilize, and then record the pH value indicated on the meter's display.

5. Using pH test strips: If you are using pH test strips, dip the strip into the collected sample for the recommended amount of time. Remove the strip and compare the color change with the provided color chart. Determine the corresponding pH value from the chart.

6. Repeat for accuracy: To ensure reliability, repeat the measurement process at least once and compare the results. This step helps confirm the accuracy of your measurements.

7. Record and analyze the data: Note down the pH values obtained and any relevant observations. Analyze the data as needed for your research or monitoring purposes.

By following these steps and using the appropriate equipment, you can effectively measure the pH of a natural solution while in a forest setting.

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20.91200832 g of \(Ca(OH)_{2}\) must be dissolved in 0.504 L of a solution to make a 0.56 M solution.

What is the molarity of a solution?

Molarity (M) is the amount of a substance in a certain volume of solution. Molarity is defined as the moles of a solute per litres of a solution. Molarity is also known as the molar concentration of a solution.

\(Molarity = \frac{Mole \;of \;solute}{Volume \;of \;solution \;in \;litre}\)

Given data:

The volume of solution=  0.504 L

Molarity of \(Ca(OH)_{2}\) = 0.56 M

Step 1: Calculating the mass of \(Ca(OH)_{2}\)

Putting the given values in the equation.

\(Molarity = \frac{Mole \;of \;solute}{Volume \;of \;solution \;in \;litre}\)

\(0.56 M = \frac{Mole \;of \;solute}{0.504 L }\)

Moles of solute = 0.28224  

\(Moles \;of \;solute= \frac{Given \;mass}{Molar \;mass}\)

Molar mass of \(Ca(OH)_{2}\) = 74.093 g/mol

Now, put the values in the formula.

\(Moles \;of \;solute= \frac{Given \;mass}{Molar \;mass}\)

\(0.28224 mol= \frac{Given \;mass}{74.093 g/mol}\)

Mass of \(Ca(OH)_{2}\) =20.91200832 g

Hence, 20.91200832 g of \(Ca(OH)_{2}\) must be dissolved in 0.504 L of a solution to make a 0.56 M solution.

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Explanation:

decrease T = eq shifts left, because youre taking energy from the system and this is an endothermic reaction, it needs energy to make products = co2 concentration decreases

add CO = eq shifts right, because you're adding reactants in the equilibrium = i2o5 concentration decreases

increase i2o5 = same = can't affect T

decrease co2 = eq shifts right, because by

decreasing co2 you'll have less of this product than you normally have in the equilibrium, then eq will shift toward making more product = both reactants, CO and I2O5 decrease their concentration because they're being used to shift equilibrium right

Answer:

a measure of the suitability of water for a particular use based on selected physical, chemical, and biological characteristics.

Water quality is a parameter to qualify based on several key factors. Some of these factors are:

• Conceptration of dissolved oxygen;

• Bacteria levels;

• Amount of salt (salinity);

• Amount of material suspended in the water (turbidity).

Other elements that might be measured to determine water quality are:

• Concentration of algae;

• Pesticides;

• Herbicides;

• Heavy metals.

The percent transmittance (%T) and absorbance (A) of a solution are related by an equation which can be used to solve this question.

The percent transmittance (%T) and absorbance (A) of a mixture are associated by the following equation:

%T = 100 x 10^(-A)

We are given that the %T value of the solution is 51.6% at a wavelength of 550 nm. To find the absorbance (A), we can rearrange the equation above:

A = -㏒(%T / 100)

On substituting the value in the given %T value, we get:

A = -㏒(51.6 / 100) = -㏒(0.516) = 0.286

Therefore, the absorbance of the solution at a wavelength of 550 nm is 0.286.

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Answer:

Explanation:

When 2-methyl butane (also known as isopentane) is monochlorinated, the chlorine atom can substitute for the hydrogen atom at various places along the carbon chain, resulting in the generation of several isomers.

There are four distinct hydrogen atoms accessible for replacement in 2-methyl butane: one at the methyl group (C2) and three at the carbon chain (C3, C4, and C5).

Each of these hydrogen atoms can be replaced by a chlorine atom, yielding four distinct monochlorinated isomers.

As a result, the total number of isomers generated when 2-methyl butane is monochlorinated is four.

In most simplified way, metals are good conductors of eletricity due to overlapping of valence and conduction bands and plenty of conduction electrons are available.

while in the case of insulators, there will be a large gap between valence and conductions bands(>5 ev) as such there is almost no conduction electrons are available, hence they are not able to conduct electricy.

finally in the case of semiconductors, the gap between valence and condudtion bands is very samll( nearly 1 ev) as such at room temperature only, some electroins manage to become conduction electrons and show small electrical conductiity. however, their conductivity is increased by adding impurities known as doping.

Conductors have an overlapping of valence and conduction bands. So the electrons can easily flow across the bands and hence conduct easily.Semiconductors have a small gap between the valence and conduction bands and hence a little of the electrons flow across the bands . But on increasing temperature , semiconductor shows increased conductivity , opposite to the metals.

Insulators have a very large energy difference between the valence and conduction bands . No electron flows across these bands . hence no conductivity.

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The change in internal energy = 2.701 x 10² kJ

Given

Heat absorbed by system = 1.69 x 10² kJ

Work done on system = 1.011 x 10² kJ

Required

The change in Internal energy

Solution

We can use the first law of Thermodynamics :

\(\tt \Delta U=Q+W\)

The sign rules for heat and work are set as follows:  

• The system receives heat, Q +  

• The system releases heat, Q -  

• The system does work, W -  

• the system accepts work, W +  

Heat absorbed/receive heat from surrounding = Q+

Work done on the system = W+

and input the given values

\(\tt \Delta U= 1.69\times 10^2+1.011\times 10^2\\\\\Delta U=\boxed{\bold{2.701\times 10^2~kJ}}\)

Answer:

Answer: The two types of fibres obtained from the fleece of a sheep are beard hair, which are coarse and fine, and soft under hair, which grow near the skin. The under hair are used to make wool.

Explanation:

mark brainly please!

(I didn't copy the person above me! I just realized we had the same answer.)

Answer:

.0027 M

Explanation:

We must calculate the threshold concentration of PO3−4 using Ksp and the given concentration of Ca2+:

Ca3(PO4)2(s)⇌3Ca2+(aq)+2PO3−4(aq)

Ksp=8.6×10−19=[Ca2+]3[PO3−4]2=(4.9×10−5M)3[PO3−4]2

[PO3−4]=0.0027 M

The amount of the F–20 that will remain after 44 s given the data from the question is 0.3125 g

n = t / t½

n = 44 / 11

n = 4

N = N₀ / 2ⁿ

N = 5 / 2⁴

N = 5 / 16

N = 0.3125 g

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Answer:

The answer is on the screenshot

Explanation:

Answer: you convert it into water vapor, which also leaves the pot and mixes with the atmosphere.

The reaction of -COOH and -NH₂ creates a peptide bond.

Peptide bond is defined as a type of amide type covalent chemical bond which is formed between the two simultaneous molecules of amino acid in such a way that carboxyl group of one molecule of amino acid get attached to the NH₂ group of another molecules of Amino acid.

Peptide bond is formed by the elimination of water molecules.

The hydroxyl group from the carboxyl and proton hydrogen cation from NH₂ group.

Thus, we concluded that the reaction of -COOH and -NH₂ creates a peptide bond by losing—OH from the -COOH and H+ from the -NH₂.

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By equalising LHS with RHS,balanced chemical equation is:[2] Na + [2] H2O  = [2] NaOH + [1] H2

Balancing is necessary for all chemical equation.The purpose to balance chemical equations are to make both sides of the reaction,reactants and products, equal in the no. of atoms per element.

If Sodium is multiplied by two, the no. of Sodium atoms are in balance.By the process of balancing we can also keep a check on the rightness of the equation.

Sodium hydroxide and Hydrogen gas is product of this reaction.NAOH dissolves in water and contains hydroxide anions(OH-) and sodium cations(Na+).

The balanced equation is 2Na + 2H2O = NaOH + H2

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Mendeleev arranged the known elements in his periodic table according to atomic number (option D).

Periodic table is a tabular chart of the chemical elements according to their atomic numbers so that elements with similar properties are in the same group (column).

The chemical elements are organized by atomic number, from the element with the lowest atomic number, hydrogen, to the element with the highest atomic number, oganesson.

Dmitri Mendeleev is the Russian scientist that formulated the periodic table of chemical elements and arranged them in order of increasing atomic number.

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Answer: C.

Explanation:

according to atomic mass

Answer:

C3H7NO2

Explanation:

The chemical formula of Alanine is C3H7NO2 and it belongs to almost all food category because it is present in one food of each food category such as dairy products, meat, nuts, soy, and whole grains etc. Alanine is a nonessential amino acid means that it does not directly obtained from the diet but it can be produced by the body using raw materials present in the food.

After the reaction is complete, no nitrogen and no hydrogen molecules remain, and 8.00 x 1014 molecules of NH3 are produced.

In the equation, nitrogen and hydrogen react at a high temperature, in the presence of a catalyst, to produce ammonia, according to the balanced chemical equation:N2(g)+3H2(g)⟶2NH3(g)The coefficients of each molecule suggest that one molecule of nitrogen reacts with three molecules of hydrogen to create two molecules of ammonia.

So, to determine how many molecules of ammonia are produced when four nitrogen and nine hydrogen molecules are present, we must first determine which of the two reactants is the limiting reactant.

To find the limiting reactant, the number of moles of each reactant present in the equation must be determined.

Calculations:
Nitrogen (N2) molecules = 4Hence, the number of moles of N2 = 4/6.02 x 1023 mol-1 = 6.64 x 10-24 mol
Hydrogen (H2) molecules = 9Hence, the number of moles of H2 = 9/6.02 x 1023 mol-1 = 1.50 x 10-23 mol

Now we have to calculate the number of moles of NH3 produced when the number of moles of nitrogen and hydrogen are known, i.e., mole ratio of N2 and H2 is 1:3.

The mole ratio of N2 to NH3 is 1:2; thus, for every 1 mole of N2 consumed, 2 moles of NH3 are produced.
The mole ratio of H2 to NH3 is 3:2; thus, for every 3 moles of H2 consumed, 2 moles of NH3 are produced.
From these mole ratios, it can be observed that the limiting reactant is nitrogen.

Calculation for NH3 production:
Nitrogen (N2) moles = 6.64 x 10-24 moles
The mole ratio of N2 to NH3 is 1:2; therefore, moles of NH3 produced is 2 × 6.64 × 10−24 = 1.33 × 10−23 moles.

Now, to determine how many molecules of NH3 are produced, we need to convert moles to molecules.
1 mole = 6.02 x 1023 molecules
Thus, 1.33 x 10-23 moles of NH3 = 8.00 x 1014 molecules of NH3 produced.

To find the amount of each reactant remaining after the reaction is complete, we must first determine how many moles of nitrogen are consumed, then how many moles of hydrogen are consumed, and then subtract these from the initial number of moles of each reactant.

The moles of nitrogen consumed = 4 moles × 1 mole/1 mole N2 × 2 mole NH3/1 mole N2 = 8 moles NH3
The moles of hydrogen consumed = 9 moles × 2 mole NH3/3 mole H2 × 2 mole NH3/1 mole N2 = 4 moles NH3
Thus, the moles of nitrogen remaining = 6.64 × 10−24 mol – 8 × 2/3 × 6.02 × 10^23 mol-1 = 5.06 × 10−24 mol
The moles of hydrogen remaining = 1.50 × 10−23 mol – 4 × 2/3 × 6.02 × 10^23 mol-1 = 8.77 × 10−24 mol

Finally, the number of molecules of each reactant remaining can be calculated as follows:
Number of N2 molecules remaining = 5.06 × 10−24 mol × 6.02 × 10^23 molecules/mol = 3.05 × 10−1 molecules ≈ 0 molecules
Number of H2 molecules remaining = 8.77 × 10−24 mol × 6.02 × 10^23 molecules/mol = 5.28 × 10−1 molecules ≈ 0 molecules.

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A chemist determines that a substance is composed of 30.4% nitrogen by mass and 69.6% oxygen by mass. The molar mass of the compound is 230.5 g/mol, the molecular formula is NO₂.

We must compute the empirical formula in order to ascertain the compound's chemical composition.

If we have 100 grams of the compound.

This suggests we have:

30.4 g of nitrogen

69.6 g of oxygen

Now, we have to convert the mass of each element to moles.

The molar mass of nitrogen (N) = 14.01 g/mol

the molar mass of oxygen (O)  =  16.00 g/mol.

Number of moles of nitrogen (N):

2.17 mol

Number of moles of oxygen (O):

4.35 mol

The simplest whole-number ratio between the moles of nitrogen and oxygen must now be determined. To calculate the ratio, we divide both numbers by the smaller value.

Moles N / moles O = 2.17 mol / 2.17 mol = 1.00

Moles O / moles O = 4.35 mol / 2.17 mol = 2.00

The ratio is approximately N₁O₂.

We divide the subscripts by their greatest common divisor to obtain the simplest ratio, since we are looking for the empirical formula. The empirical formula is NO₂ since the greatest common divisor in this situation is 1.

The molecular formula of the compound is NO₂.

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The expression of the Ksp is Ksp =  [Ca²+] [2OH-]^2

In the balanced chemical equation for the solute's dissolution, Ksp is defined as the product of the ion concentrations in a saturated solution, each concentration being raised to the power of its stoichiometric coefficient.

Ksp is temperature-dependent and varies with different compounds. It is used to predict the maximum amount of a compound that can dissolve in a given solvent under specific conditions.

We know that we can be able to use the expression that has been given in the problem to arrive at the fact that;

Ksp =  [Ca²+] [2OH-]^2

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Ammonia (\(NH_3\)) and ammonium chloride (\(NH_4Cl\)) mixture could be a useful buffer in a solution. Option C

A buffer is a solution that can resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added. It consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. The buffer system works by the principle of Le Chatelier's principle, where the equilibrium is shifted to counteract the changes caused by the addition of an acid or a base.

In option A, acetic acid (\(CH_3CO_2H\)) is a weak acid, but hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a strong acid. This combination does not form a buffer because HCl is completely dissociated in water and cannot provide a significant concentration of its conjugate base.

Option B consists of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which is a strong base, and elemental sodium (Na), which is a metal. This combination does not form a buffer as there is no weak acid-base pair involved.

Option D contains acetic acid (\(CH_3CO_2H\)), a weak acid, and ammonia (\(NH_3\)), a weak base. Although they are weak acid and base, they do not form a buffer system together as they are both weak acids or bases and lack the required conjugate acid-base pair.

Option C, ammonia (\(NH_3\)), is a weak base, and ammonium chloride (\(NH_4Cl\)) is its conjugate acid. This combination can form a buffer system. When ammonia reacts with water, it forms ammonium ions (NH4+) and hydroxide ions (OH-).

The ammonium ions act as the weak acid, while the ammonia acts as the weak base. The addition of a small amount of acid will be counteracted by the ammonium ions, and the addition of a small amount of base will be counteracted by the ammonia, thus maintaining the pH of the solution relatively stable.

Therefore, option C, consisting of ammonia (\(NH_3\)) and ammonium chloride (\(NH_4Cl\)), is the suitable mixture that could be a useful buffer in a solution.

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Answer:

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain structures known as cilia and flagella. These extensions from the cell surface aid in cell movement. They also help to move substances around cells and direct the flow of substances along tracts. Cilia and flagella are formed from specialized groupings of microtubules called basal bodies.

Explanation:

Water is the best insulator because it has the greatest specific heat capacity and all other substances have low specific heat than the water.

The term specific heat capacity is defined as the amount of heat in joules required to increase the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius.

An insulator is a substance which conducts heat to a very miserable extent.

From the definition of specific heat capacity and insulator, we conclude that the higher the value of specific heat capacity, the harder it would be to heat up the material, that is, the more heat would be needed.

All the given substances, only water has the greatest specific heat capacity, therefore, it's the best insulator.

Gold is the best conductor, as it has the lowest specific heat capacity.

Thus, the best insulator is water.

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Your question is incomplete, most probably your question was

Table C: Known Specific Heat Values for Common

Materials

Material Specific Heat (J/g*C)

Water 4.18

Concrete 0.88

Wood 1.80

Aluminum 0.90

Glass 0.84

Sand 0.83

Steel 0.49

Iron 0.44

Copper 0.38

Lead 0.16

Gold 0.13

What is the best insulator and why?

Answer:

The enthalpy of reaction per mole of HBr for this reaction = ΔrH = -40.62 kJ/mole.

Explanation:

2HBr(g) + Cl2(g) → 2HCl(g) + Br2(g)

When 23.9 g HBr(g) reacts with sufficient Cl2(g), 12.0 kJ of heat is evolved, calculate the value of ΔrH for the chemical reaction.

Note that ΔrH is the enthalpy per mole for the reaction.

Molar mass of HBr (g) = 80.91 g/mol.

Hence, 1 mole of HBr = 80.91 g

23.9 g of HBr led to the reaction giving off 12.0 kJ of heat

80.91 g of HBr will lead to the evolution of (80.91 × 12/23.9) = 40.62 kJ heat is given off.

Hence, 40.62 kJ of heat is given off per 80.91 g of HBr.

This directly translates to that 40.62 kJ of heat is given off per 1 mole of HBr

Hence, the heat given off per mole of HBr for this reaction is 40.62 kJ/mole.

But since the reaction liberates heat, it means the reaction is exothermic and the enthalpy change for the reaction (ΔHrxn) is negative.

Hence, ΔrH = -40.62 kJ/mole.

Hope this Helps!!!

Answer:

4 millllllermeeters jb