3. Explain the back-propagation algorithm, in detail, on a two-layer perceptron structure.
Answers
The back-propagation algorithm is a widely used method for training artificial neural networks, specifically multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs). It is an iterative algorithm that adjusts the weights and biases of the network based on the difference between the predicted output and the actual output, with the goal of minimizing the error.
Detailed explanation of the back-propagation algorithm on a two-layer perceptron structure is:
1.
Forward Propagation:
Initialize the weights and biases of the network randomly or using some predetermined values.Take an input vector and propagate it forward through the network.Compute the weighted sum of the inputs for each neuron in the hidden layer and pass it through an activation function to obtain the hidden layer activations.Compute the weighted sum of the hidden layer activations for each neuron in the output layer and pass it through an activation function to obtain the output layer activations.2.
Error Calculation:
Calculate the error between the predicted output and the actual output using a suitable error metric, such as mean squared error (MSE).The error quantifies how well the network is performing and provides a measure of the discrepancy between the predicted and actual outputs.3.
Backward Propagation:
Compute the gradient of the error with respect to the weights and biases of the output layer.Update the weights and biases of the output layer by taking a step proportional to the negative gradient, thereby minimizing the error.4.
Update Hidden Layer Weights:
Compute the gradient of the error with respect to the weights and biases of the hidden layer.Update the weights and biases of the hidden layer using a similar approach as in the output layer.5.
Repeat Steps 1-4:
Repeat steps 1 to 4 for a specified number of iterations or until the desired level of convergence is achieved.During each iteration, the forward propagation calculates the output of the network, the error is calculated, and the weights and biases are updated using the backward propagation step.6.
Termination:
The algorithm terminates when the network has learned the underlying patterns in the training data sufficiently well, or when it has reached the specified number of iterations.By iteratively adjusting the weights and biases through forward and backward propagation, the back-propagation algorithm enables the network to learn from its mistakes and improve its performance.
This process of iteratively updating the weights and biases based on the error gradients is what allows the network to converge towards a set of weights that minimize the overall error.
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Related Questions
Gary is sending a message to Patricia. He wants to ensure that nobody tampers with the message whille it is in transit. What goal of cryptography is Gary attempting to achieve? A. Confidentiality B. Integrity C. Authentication D. Non-repudiation
Answers
The goal of cryptography that Gary is attempting to achieve is integrity.
So, the correct answer is B.
Integrity ensures that the message remains unaltered and authentic during transit. Gary wants to make sure that nobody tampers with the message while it is being transmitted.
Cryptography helps in achieving this by using various techniques such as digital signatures, message authentication codes, and hash functions. These techniques ensure that the message remains intact and any attempt to modify it is detected.
Cryptography also provides other goals such as confidentiality, authentication, and non-repudiation, but in this scenario, the primary goal is to maintain the integrity of the message.
Hence, the answer of the question is B.
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What is meant by the term internal hardware??
explain it in your own words ,do not use goo.gle thank you!
Answers
Answer:
Internal hardware devices include motherboards, hard drives, and RAM. External hardware devices include monitors, keyboards, mice, printers, and scanners. The internal hardware parts of a computer are often referred to as components, while external hardware devices are usually called peripherals
Answer:
Internal hardware is the hardware that is inside the computer. For example, CPU, RAM, ROM BIOS, Motherboard, Graphics card.
Computer 1 on network a, with ip address of 10. 1. 1. 8, wants to send a packet to computer 2, with ip address of 172. 16. 1. 64. If the ttl value was set to 64 at the beginning, what is the value of the ttl once it reaches its destination?.
Answers
Computer 1 on network a, with IP address of 10. 1. 1. 8, wants to send a packet to computer 2, with IP address of 172. 16. 1. 64. If the ttl value was set to 64 at the beginning. The value of the TTL once it reaches its destination is 65.
What is IP address?IP address is defined as a special string of characters used to identify each computer communicating across a network utilizing the Internet Protocol.
1. Start by removing the plastic jacket from the cable's end, roughly 2 inches long. At this point, exercise extreme caution to avoid damaging the internal wiring. If you do, your cable's qualities can change, or worse, it might become worthless. One more time, look for nicks or cuts in the wires. Whack the entire end off if there are any. Thus, the TTL's value will be 62 + 3 = 65 after it reaches its destination.
Thus, computer 1 on network a, with IP address of 10. 1. 1. 8, wants to send a packet to computer 2, with IP address of 172. 16. 1. 64. If the ttl value was set to 64 at the beginning. The value of the TTL once it reaches its destination is 65.
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all of the following are critically important components to obtain good seo results except for _____________.
Answers
All of the following are critically important components to obtain good SEO results except for poor content.
What is SEO? SEO stands for "Search Engine Optimization," which is the process of optimizing a website for search engines. The purpose of this method is to increase the visibility of the website in search engine results pages (SERP). It aids in attracting organic (unpaid) traffic to your website. It's critical to remember that SEO isn't just about search engines. It's also about enhancing your website's user experience, as well as the perception of search engines.
Poor content is not a critically important component to obtain good SEO results. It is instead an essential factor that can adversely affect your SEO performance. Creating high-quality, engaging, and informative content is critical for successful SEO. Poor quality content can lead to a higher bounce rate, low engagement rate, and a poor user experience, all of which can negatively impact your website's SEO.
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which of the components of the​ five-component model is easier to change compared to​ software?
Answers
The five components of the model—data, method, hardware, software, and people—are more easily modifiable than software.
Which information system element is the most crucial?The last, and arguably most crucial, element of information systems is the human element: the individuals required to operate the system and the procedures they adhere to in order for the knowledge contained in the enormous databases and data warehouses to be transformed into learning that can interpret what has occurred in the past.
Which five elements make up an information system?Hardware, software, databases, networks, and people make up the core components of an information system. To execute input, process, output, feedback, and control, these five elements must work together.
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How many bits of a Class A IP address are used for host information? 8 bits 32 bits 24 bits 16 bits. 24.
Answers
In a Class A IP address, the first octet is used to identify the network, and the remaining three octets are used to identify hosts on that network. Therefore, the answer is 24 bits.
How to calculate no. of bits of a Class A IP address?
Since each octet is 8 bits, the number of bits used for host information in a Class A IP address is:
32 bits (total number of bits in an IPv4 address) - 8 bits (used for network identification in Class A) = 24 bits.
Therefore, the answer is 24 bits.
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ron is the it director at a medium-sized company. he frequently gets requests from employees who want to select customized mobile devices. he decides to allow them to purchase their own devices. which type of policy should ron implement to include the requirements and security controls for this arrangement?
Answers
Bring Your Own Device is the type of policy that will be used to implement the conditions and security measures for this arrangement.
What is BYOD and why is BYOD important?Bring your own technology (BYOD) is the term used to describe the practice of employees connecting to their organizations' networks using personal devices to access work-related systems and possibly private or sensitive information. Mobile phones, desktop computers, tablet computers, and USB drives are examples of personal electronics.Organizational leaders should pay close attention to BYOD security since employees are likely to bring their own devices to work, whether or not IT has approved of it. BYOD options frequently boost staff morale and productivity. Personal device access to a company's network, however, can pose significant security risks if IT ignores the issue.Bring Your Own Device is the type of policy that will be used to implement the conditions and security measures for this arrangement.Hence, Bring Your Own Device is the type of policy that will be used to implement the conditions and security measures for this arrangement.
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Declare an array of int values westboundHollandTunnelTraffic that can store the number of vehicles going westbound through the Holland Tunnel - on a particular hour (numbered 0 through 23) - on a particular day (numbered 0 through 6) - on a particular week (numbered 0 through 51) - over the last ten years (numbered 0 through 9). The innermost dimension should be years, with the next being weeks, and so on.
Answers
Answer:
Following are the declaration of the array:
int westboundHollandTunnelTraffic [10] [52] [7] [24]; //defining an integer array that holds days, week, hour, and year value
Explanation:
In the above-given code, an array that's name is " westboundHollandTunnelTraffic " is declared and the type of the storing elements in the array is an integer.
In this array, it first stores the year's value, and in second, it stores week values, in third, it stores day value, and the last it stores hours value.
Draw an inheritance diagram about motor vehicles that will
contain classes named Vehicle, Car, and Motorcycle.
Answers
In this diagram, we have a base class called "Motor Vehicle" which represents the common attributes shared by all motor vehicles, such as make, model, and year.
How to explain the informationThe diagram shows three derived classes: Car, Motorcycle, and Truck, which inherit from the Motor Vehicle class.
The Car class adds an additional attribute called "numDoors" to represent the number of doors in a car.
The Motorcycle class adds an additional attribute called "engineSize" to represent the engine size of the motorcycle.
The Truck class adds an additional attribute called "cargoCapacity" to represent the maximum cargo capacity of the truck.
This inheritance diagram illustrates a basic hierarchy of motor vehicles, with each derived class inheriting the attributes and behaviors of the Motor Vehicle class while adding its specific attributes.
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Explain how the skills you develop in learning how to make effective use of your professors will directly carry over in the computer science/software engineering world.
Answers
The skills developed in learning how to effectively utilize professors directly carry over in the computer science/software engineering world.
Explanation:
1. Effective communication: When interacting with professors, students learn how to communicate their ideas, ask questions, and seek clarification. This skill is crucial in the computer science/software engineering field, as professionals often need to collaborate with team members, explain complex concepts to non-technical stakeholders, and seek assistance from colleagues.
2. Problem-solving: Professors challenge students with difficult assignments and encourage them to think critically. This fosters problem-solving skills, which are vital in computer science/software engineering. Professionals in this field are often faced with complex technical problems that require logical thinking and creative solutions.
3. Time management: Students need to balance their coursework and deadlines when working with professors. This teaches them effective time management skills, which are essential in the fast-paced world of computer science/software engineering. Professionals must juggle multiple tasks, prioritize projects, and meet deadlines to ensure the successful completion of projects.
4. Research skills: Professors often encourage students to conduct research to deepen their understanding of concepts. This cultivates research skills, which are invaluable in the computer science/software engineering field. Professionals constantly need to stay updated with new technologies, frameworks, and methodologies to remain competitive and provide innovative solutions.
Overall, the skills acquired in learning how to effectively utilize professors, such as effective communication, problem-solving, time management, and research skills, directly transfer to the computer science/software engineering world, aiding professionals in their success and growth.
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What is the best gaming name you can come up with?
Answers
If you ask a hoophobic if they like hoos, and they say yes, but they're not lying, but they're hoophobic, who's lying
Answers
No one is lying. Hoophobia is an irrational fear of something, which means that even if someone with hoophobia likes hoos, they may still experience fear and anxiety when faced with them.
What is Hoophobia?
Hoophobia is the fear of feeling or demonstrating a strong emotion, especially one that is considered socially unacceptable. It is an anxiety disorder characterized by an extreme, irrational fear of expressing emotions, especially those associated with vulnerability, such as sadness, joy, or anger. People with hoophobia may have difficulty expressing themselves, communicating with others, and forming meaningful relationships. They may also struggle to trust others and may experience social isolation, depression, and anxiety. Symptoms of hoophobia can include avoiding social situations, avoiding eye contact, difficulty expressing oneself, feeling shame or guilt when expressing emotions, and avoiding talking about emotions. Treatment options include cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychotherapy, and medications.
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Writing on social media has helped users be:
A. more formal.
B. slower.
C. more concise.
D. wordy.
Answers
Answer:
C
Explanation:
more concise
Why would you clear a computer’s cache, cookies, and history?
to ensure that your computer’s settings and security certificates are up to date
to ensure that your computer’s settings and security certificates are up to date
to make sure that nothing is preventing your computer from accessing the internet
to make sure that nothing is preventing your computer from accessing the internet
to prevent intrusive ads from delivering malware to your computer
to prevent intrusive ads from delivering malware to your computer
to ensure that they are not clashing with the web page or slowing your computer down
Answers
Answer:
prevents you from using old forms. protects your personal information. helps our applications run better on your computer.
q9. big o notations and runtime of algorithms: suppose you have the option of running three algorithms, alg1, alg2, alg3, with running times o(1000n ln n), o(n3), 300n2, respectively. which algorithm would you select (i.e., which one is the fastest according to big-oh analysis) to run on input instances with arbitrarily large sizes n?
Answers
Big O predicts how an algorithm's performance will change as the input size increases and uses this information to define the runtime necessary to carry out an algorithm. The runtime of your algorithm is not, however, indicated. Using time and space complexity, Big O notation evaluates your algorithm's effectiveness and performance.
What is Big O?A representation of an algorithm's worst-case complexity is Big O, commonly referred to as Big O notation. The complexity of an algorithm is described using algebraic language.Big O predicts how an algorithm's performance will change as the input size increases and uses this information to define the runtime necessary to carry out an algorithm. The runtime of your algorithm is not, however, indicated.Using time and space complexity, Big O notation evaluates your algorithm's effectiveness and performance.The hardware, OS, and CPU you utilise are a significant underlying component determining the effectiveness and performance of your software.When examining an algorithm's performance, however, you don't take this into account. What matters is the time and space complexity as a function of the amount of the input, not the other way around.To Learn more About Big O Refer To:
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Big O uses this information to define the runtime required to execute an algorithm and predicts how an algorithm's performance will change as the input size grows.
However, your algorithm's runtime is not shown. Big O notation evaluates the efficiency and performance of your algorithm using time and space complexity.
Big O: What is it?Big O, or Big O notation, is a representation of an algorithm's worst-case complexity. An algebraic language is used to describe an algorithm's complexity. Big O uses this information to define the runtime required to execute an algorithm and predicts how an algorithm's performance will change as the input size grows. However, your algorithm's runtime is not shown.
Big O notation evaluates the efficiency and performance of your algorithm using time and space complexity. The effectiveness and performance of your software are heavily influenced by the hardware, operating system, and CPU you use.
However, this is not taken into account when evaluating an algorithm's performance. The time and space complexity as a function of the quantity of input is what matters, not the other way around.
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Why must game development team prioritize which bugs must be fixed and which bugs are minor and can remain in the game?
Answers
Answer:
Game development teams prioritize which bugs must be fixed and which bugs are minor and can remain in the game because of several reasons:
Limited Resources: Game development teams have limited resources, including time, budget, and staff. Prioritizing which bugs to fix helps them to allocate their resources more effectively.
Severity of Bugs: Some bugs can cause the game to crash or become unplayable, while others are minor and do not affect gameplay. Prioritizing the most severe bugs helps to ensure that players can enjoy the game without major issues.
Impact on User Experience: Bugs that affect the core gameplay mechanics or prevent players from progressing in the game can have a significant impact on the user experience. Prioritizing these bugs helps to ensure that players can enjoy the game as intended.
Development Cycle: Game development teams often work on tight schedules and deadlines. Prioritizing which bugs to fix helps to ensure that the most critical issues are resolved before the game is released, while less critical issues can be addressed in future updates or patches.
Overall, prioritizing which bugs to fix is an essential part of game development, as it helps to ensure that the game is as enjoyable and functional as possible, given the resources and time available to the development team.
what does setting interrogation succeeded voice call forwarding?
Answers
Interrogation parameters Succeeded Voice call forwarding when an answer is not received is enabled. On each call. Disabled.
If forwarding is displayed as being enabled (it will say "Enabled" and display the number it is configured to forward to), you can disable it by returning to the keypad and inputting ##21# and touching. Voice calling is the capacity to reach out to and speak on the phone in real time with other people. When the caller and the callee—or both—are using a phone line—either a mobile device or a landline phone—then the call is being made in the classic sense. An entirely software-based call, in-app voice calling involves the transmission of audio and/or video data between the caller and the callee over the Internet. Voice calls come in a variety of forms, such as individual calls, talk group calls, phone calls, and gateway calls. Watch the video below and read the Voice Calls lesson that it is accompanied with if you want to understand more about these calls and how they function.
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Describe how a cell’s content and format attributes are related.
Answers
Answer: They are independent and not related.
Explanation: Changing the format affects the content. Which of the following is NOT a way to change the column width in Excel?
hope this helps
The algorithm below is used to find the largest element in a list of numbers.
By modifying one of the lines in the program it is possible to make the algorithm find the SMALLEST element. Which line would need to be modified and how?
Answers
The line that can be modified in the algorithm to return the smallest of the list is line 04
From the question, we understand that:
The algorithm returns the largest of all elements in a listThe above action is executed on line 04
To change the function of the algorithm to return the smallest, line 04 must be modified as follows:
IF (num < target)
Hence, the line that can be modified in the algorithm to return the smallest of the list is line 04
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How to save a file for the first time?
Answers
Answer:
i have the website version of word but you want to click file and save as then click whatever option you need to personly if you are submitting online i download it to my computer then I will submit it from downloads. thats how i do it
If a student needs work on phonics and decoding, what kind of informal diagnostic assessment would provide the most useful information on how to help this student with these skills?.
Answers
The kind of informal diagnostic assessment would provide the most useful information on how to help this student with these skills is option b. a word-reading survey to show which sound-symbol correspondences the student knows and which ones still need practice.
What is a word reading survey?An informal assessment instrument called the Phonics and Word Reading Survey (PWRS) can be used to determine which phonics correspondences and patterns a pupil has mastered and which ones still need to be taught.
Note that Teachers try not examine student performances based on grades or other metrics when using the informal evaluation approach, which is an intuitive assessment method. Instead, they concentrate on watching how pupils perform and develop over the course of their learning period.
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See full question below
true or false
If a student needs work on phonics and decoding, what kind of informal diagnostic assessment would provide the most useful information on how to help this student with these skills?
a. a spelling inventory to show which features of English spelling the student has mastered
b. a word-reading survey to show which sound-symbol correspondences the student knows and which ones still need practice
c. a vocabulary test to show student understanding of word meanings in context
d. a test of reading comprehension to show how well the student can answer questions about a grade-level text
What type of data is the result of each of the following lines of code?
str(2.34)
int('2')
float(2)
Answers
Answer:
snag
Explanation:
What is the name of the item that supplies the exact or near exact voltage at the required wattage to all of the circuitry inside your computer?
Answers
Answer:
A voltage regulator.
Explanation:
A voltage regulator, controls the output of an alternating current or a direct current (depending on the design), allowing the exact amount of voltage or wattage to be supplied to the computer hardware. This device sometimes uses a simple feed-forward design or may include negative feedback. The two major types of voltage regulator are based on either the electromechanical or electronic components.
The electronic types were based on the arrangement of resistor in series with a diode or series of diodes, and the electromechanical types are based on coiling the sensing wire to make an electromagnet.
My Macbook computer charger is burned from the side od the cord. -_- Great way to start school. Anything i should do?
Answers
Hello :D
i would recommend you to get your macbook checked by a technician. Otherwise, buy a new charger if you are certain if no damage to port
Answer:
Oh no!! Take it to an Apple store but before you do that call Apple support, tell them that your house could've caught fire because of the burnout. Hopefully, they can mail you a brand new computer!
A computer would do a better job than a human at solving lengthy, complex math problems. True False
Answers
Answer:
I would say true
Explanation:
Humans, by contrast, can master many things, from tying our shoes to cooking an omelet to solving complex math equations. The best AI hardly comes close to the incredible creativity and design of any human, and it’s an open question whether AI can ever become what its prophets claim. Second, when we make AI, we are basically copying our Creator.
Answer:
Its true and give the man brainlyest! or me. that would be nice too!
Explanation:
Need answer ASAP
In which phrase does software coding and testing happen in the spiral model?
The spiral model does not have a separate testing phase. Both software coding and testing occurs during the _____ phase.
Answers
both software coding and testing occurs during Engineering phase
A chip is a file installed on a customer's device or web browser to track personal preferences or browsing activity.
A) True
B) False
Answers
Which is an example of an input device?
A. Headphones
B. Monitor
C. Mouse
D. Printer
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Mouse is an example of input device
Answer:
C.) Mouse
Explanation:
This is because, for mice to work, they transmit a signal through Bluetooth, a USB drive, or a wire which is also usually USB to control the cursor. The rest of the answers are output devices.
Three of these simple machines are similar to one another. Choose the one that does not belong with this group. pulley, wheel and axle, lever, wedge.
Answers
Answer:
wedge
Explanation:
the rest all move by pulling while the wedge needs to be hit
When should a user consider restoring the operating system.
Answers
A user can consider restoring the operating system if the programs or apps do not start properly or when they are hanging/freezing.
What is an operating system?This is known to be a software that aids a computer's basic functions, such as working on tasks and others.
Note that A user can consider restoring the operating system if the programs or apps do not start properly or when they are hanging/freezing.
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