.3. Consider the hierarchical model: Xile X; - Normal(0:), i = 1,..., n, independent and e, Normally. 7°). = 1,...,n, independent, where o2 and 2 are known. a) Calculate the marginal of the T's, i.e integrate the B's b) Are the X;'s marginally independent?

Answers

Answer 1

In the given hierarchical model, we have X_i|θ_i ~ Normal(0, σ^2), where θ_i ~ Normal(0, τ^2) for i = 1,...,n. The variables X_i are independent, and the variables θ_i are independent as well.

We are asked to calculate the marginal distribution of the X_i's and determine if they are marginally independent.

To calculate the marginal distribution of the X_i's, we need to integrate out the θ_i's. Since X_i|θ_i ~ Normal(0, σ^2), the integral of the product of the probability density functions (pdfs) of X_i and θ_i will give us the marginal distribution of X_i. This integration involves summing over all possible values of θ_i.

Regarding the marginal independence of the X_i's, in this hierarchical model, the X_i's are not marginally independent. Although the X_i's are conditionally independent given the θ_i's, their marginal distribution is influenced by the common distribution of the θ_i's. Thus, the marginal dependence arises from the dependence between the θ_i's.

In summary, we can calculate the marginal distribution of the X_i's by integrating out the θ_i's, but the X_i's are not marginally independent due to their dependence on the common distribution of the θ_i's.

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Related Questions

Guys I need help on this !

Guys I need help on this !

Answers

Answer:

it is parallel

Step-by-step explanation:

how do i solve the equation A=ew except "e" looks distorted and A=117in²
i believe A is the area of the rectangle, distorted 'e' is the length

Answers

I think you're correct! If you could send a picture, it would be much clearer. But, A would be area (since it is in square units) and e would be length. w would be the width.

7 One Saturday afternoon, three friends decided to keep track of the number of text
messages they received each hour from 8 a.m. to noon. The results are shown below.
Emily said that the number of messages she received increased by 8 each hour.
Jessica said that the number of messages she received doubled every hour.
Chris said that he received 3 messages the first hour, 10 the second hour, none the third
hour, and 15 the last hour.
Which of the friends' responses best classifies the number of messages they received each
hour as a linear function?
1) Emily, only
2) Jessica, only
3) Emily and Chris
4) Jessica and Chris

Answers

A linear function is characterized by a constant rate of change.

1) Emily, only

Let's analyze each friend's claim:
Emily: She said her number of messages increased by 8 each hour.

This represents a constant increase and can be described as a linear function.
Jessica: She said her number of messages doubled every hour.

This represents an exponential growth and is not a linear function.
Chris: He received 3 messages the first hour, 10 the second hour, none the third hour, and 15 the last hour.

The changes are +7, -10, and +15, which are not constant.

This is not a linear function.
Based on this analysis, the answer is:
1) Emily, only.

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Find the percent.

13 is what percent of 16?

Answers

13 is what percent of 16 = 81.25

120 to 140 what is the percent of change?

Answers

Answer:16.667%

Step-by-step explanation:

140 - 120 = 20

20 / 120 = 16.667%

Given that ABCD is a rectangle, where EC = 7x -5 and AE = 3x+ 9. Find DE.​

Given that ABCD is a rectangle, where EC = 7x -5 and AE = 3x+ 9. Find DE.

Answers

Answer:

DE = 19.5

Step-by-step explanation:

the diagonals of a rectangle are congruent and bisect each other, then

EC = AE , that is

7x - 5 = 3x + 9 ( subtract 3x from both sides )

4x - 5 = 9 ( add 5 to both sides )

4x = 14 ( divide both sides by 4 )

x = 3.5

Then

AE = 3x + 9 = 3(3.5) + 9 = 10.5 + 9 = 19.5

Thus

DE = AE = 19.5

Help me! and I will give u a brainlist.

Help me! and I will give u a brainlist.
Help me! and I will give u a brainlist.

Answers

Side D'E' is about three times as lengthy as Side DE for the given dilation.

What is Scale Factor?

A scale factor is defined as the proportion between an object's measurements and its representation. In order to create an item that appears the same but is a different size, either scaled up or scaled down, the scale factor is often the number that is multiplied by the scale of the original object.

In Case, the scale factor is a whole number, the copy will be larger and if the scale factor is a fraction, the copy will be smaller.

Scale Factor Ratio for Scaling up should be always greater than 1 and the Scale Factor Ratio for Scaling down should be always smaller than 1.

To find the Scale Factor

We can use formula:

ratio of Dimensions of the new shape and Dimensions of the original shape.

As we can see, side DE is 4 units, but side D'E' is around 11.5 units.

∴D'E'/DE

=11.5/4

=2.8 ≈3

Hence, Side D'E' is about three times as lengthy as Side DE.

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can somebody help me with number 26 please? Giving brainliest!!

can somebody help me with number 26 please? Giving brainliest!!

Answers

Answer:

Ans 26

Step-by-step explanation:

F(x) = x/2

proof:

at x=0, f(x)=0

at x= -2 , f(x) = -1

and x = -4 , f(x) = -2

that's it.

What is the formula for finding the area of an obtuse triangle?

Answers

The area of an obtuse triangle can be found using the formula A = 1/2 (b*h), where b is the base length and h is the height of the triangle.

The area of an obtuse triangle can be found using the formula A = 1/2 (b*h), where b is the base length and h is the height of the triangle. This formula is derived from the fact that the area of any triangle is half of the product of its base and height. An obtuse triangle is a triangle with one obtuse angle, meaning that one of its angles is greater than 90 degrees. To determine the area of an obtuse triangle, you must first identify the base and the height. The base is the length of the side opposite the obtuse angle, while the height is the length of the line that is perpendicular to the base and passes through the vertex of the obtuse angle. After the base and height have been determined, the formula A = 1/2 (b*h) can be used to calculate the area of the triangle.

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So far in math you have taken 10 quizzes this semester. The mean of the scores is 88.5 what is the sum

Answers

Answer:

Use M a t h w a y it helps. Trust me.

The sum of scores in quizzes of math is \(\boldsymbol{885}\).

"To understand the calculation, check below."

What is mean?

Mean is calculated by dividing sum of all the observations by number of observations.

For a data collection containing numbers that are close together, the mean is the best option.

Total number of quizzes in math \(=10\)

Mean scores \(=88.5\)

Therefore,

Sum of all scores \(=10 \times 88.5\) \(=\boldsymbol{885}\)

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The "Daisy Ad" for President Johnson's 1964 presidential campaign (credited as an important factor in Johnson's landslide victory over Batty Goldwater,) aired how many times?

Answers

The "Daisy Ad" for President Johnson's 1964 presidential campaign   (credited as an important factor in Johnson's landslide victory over Batty Goldwater,) aired only once.

The "Daisy Ad" is a famous political advertisement that aired during the 1964 presidential campaign between President Lyndon B. Johnson and Senator Barry Goldwater. It is widely recognized as a highly impactful and influential advertisement. Despite its significant impact, the ad was actually broadcasted only once.

The ad featured a little girl counting the petals of a daisy before transitioning to a nuclear explosion, symbolizing the potential consequences of electing Goldwater as president. The ad aimed to evoke fear and concern about the possibility of nuclear war, ultimately contributing to Johnson's landslide victory in the election.

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Solve the equation.

a−6=13

Answers

Answer:

19

Step-by-step explanation:

19-6=13

i hope this helps

Answer:

19

Step-by-step explanation:

: Add 6 to both sides.

a−6+6=13+6

a=19

(trigonometry) solve for x

(trigonometry) solve for x

Answers

Answer:

x= about 36.9

Step-by-step explanation:

We have 2 known factors, the degree of 31 and 19 for a side.

19 and x are opposite and hypotenuse of the angle of 31.

sin 31 = 19/x

We isolate and do

19/sin 31

The probability that a foot ball team will win a game is 2/11.The probability that they will lose is 3/11.What is the probability the game will be a draw

Answers

Answer:

6/11

Step-by-step explanation:

Since there are 3 possible outcomes for the game (win,lose and draw) and the total probability for the three outcomes must be equal to 1.

Then;

The probability that the game will be a draw Pd = 1 - (probability that they will lose Pl + probability that they will win Pw)

Pd = 1 - (Pl + Pw) ........1

Given;

Pl = 3/11

Pw = 2/11

Substituting the values into equation 1;

Pd = 1 - (2/11 + 3/11)

Pd = 6/11

The probability that the game will be a draw Pd = 6/11

What type of variable is required to construct a confidence interval for a population​ proportion?.

Answers

A variable which is required to construct a confidence interval for population proportion is qualitative variable with two possible outcomes. So the correct option is D.

In the given question we have to find what type of variable is required to construct a confidence interval for a population proportion.

As we know that;

Population proportion is the percentage of the entire population that possesses the given quality (which is qualitative in nature). The confidence interval for the population proportion must thus be constructed using a qualitative variable with two possible outcomes.

So, the correct option is identified from nature of different type of the variables. A variable which is required to construct a confidence interval for population proportion is qualitative variable with two possible outcomes.

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The right question is:

What type of variable is required to construct a confidence interval for a population proportion?

A. Quantitative

B. Qualitative with any number of possible outcomes

C. Continuous

D. Qualitative with 2 possible outcomes

E. Discrete

F. Qualitative with 3 or more possible outcomes

data set 3 data set 4 a (months) w (lbs) t (s) v (m/s) 1 7 .3 10 2 9.4 1.2 20 3 10.5 2.7 30 4 12.0 4.8 40 5 13.0 7.5 50 6 14.3 10.8 60 7 15.2 14.7 70 8 16.7 19.2 80 mathematical expression

Answers

The given data sets, Data Set 3 and Data Set 4, consist of four variables: a (months), w (lbs), t (s), and v (m/s). Each variable is associated with different values.

The given data sets exhibit relationships between the variables a, w, t, and v. From Data Set 3, we can observe that as the number of months (a) increases, the weight (w) in pounds also increases. This suggests a positive correlation between the two variables. Similarly, in Data Set 4, there is a relationship between time (t) in seconds and velocity (v) in meters per second. As time increases, the velocity also increases, indicating a positive correlation between these variables.

By analyzing the data sets, we can infer that the weight of an object tends to increase as time progresses. Additionally, the velocity of an object also increases over time. These relationships may indicate the growth or acceleration of a certain phenomenon being studied. However, without further context or specific information about the objects or phenomena being measured, it is challenging to draw more precise conclusions. To gain a deeper understanding, additional analysis or domain knowledge would be necessary.

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i need help, can someone show me how to solve it

i need help, can someone show me how to solve it

Answers

Answer:

9

Step-by-step explanation:

Simply plug -3 in for x.

-2(-3)^2-7(-3)+6

(-3)^2=9

9*-2= -18

-7*-3=21

-18+21=3

3+6=9

Answer:

f(-3) = 9

Step-by-step explanation:

Here we have a quadratic function in x:  and we want to know the value of this function when x = -3.

Substituting -3 for x in f(x) = -2x^2 - 7x + 6, we get f(-3) = -2(-3)^2 - 7(-3) + 6, which works out to                                                    f(-3) = -2(9) + 21 + 6, or

                                                                                    f(-3) = -18 + 27 = 9

Thus, f(-3) = 9

stack of mail consists of 8 bills, 10 letters, and 6 advertisements. One piece of mail is drawn at random and put aside. Then a second piece of mail is drawn. Find P (both are letters)

Answers

INFORMATION:

We know that:

- stack of mail consists of 8 bills, 10 letters, and 6 advertisements.

- One piece of mail is drawn at random and put aside. Then a second piece of mail is drawn.

And we must find P (both are letters)

STEP BY STEP EXPLANATION:

To find the probability, we need to know that we have two events. First, when one piece of mail is drawn at random and put aside and, second, when a second piece of mail is drawn.

These two events are dependent. If A and B are dependent events, P(A and B) = P(A) • P(B after A) where P(B after A) is the probability that B occurs after A has occurred.

So, first

- Probability of A (the first piece is letter)

\(P(A)=\frac{favorable\text{ }cases}{total\text{ cases}}=\frac{10}{24}\)

- Probability of B after A

Since A already occurred and one piece of the mail was drawn (a letter), now in total we would have 9 letter and 23 total pieces

\(P(B\text{ after }A)=\frac{9}{23}\)

Finally, replacing in the initial formula

\(P(A\text{ and }B)=\frac{10}{24}\cdot\frac{9}{23}=\frac{90}{552}=0.1630\)

Finally, the probability would be 0.1630

ANSWER:

P (both are letters) = 0.1630

let V (T) represent the value of a bank account, and thousands of dollars, T years after the account is open at the bank. Determine whether each statement below is true. Select true or false for each statement.​

let V (T) represent the value of a bank account, and thousands of dollars, T years after the account

Answers

Answer:

True false false

Step-by-step explanation:

It is found that the Statement 1 is true. The Statement 2 is false. The Statement 3 is true.

What is a function?

Function is a type of relation, or rule, that maps one input to specific single output.

Given that V (T) represent the value of a bank account, and thousands of dollars, T years after the account is open at the bank.

The following statements can be considered true or false in the case;

V(0) = 2 means that the value of the bank account when it is opened is; $2000. Thus, it is TRUE

V(5) = 2.2 means that 2.2 years after the bank account is opened, its value is; $5000. Thus, it is FALSE

V(10) – V(5) = 0.4 means that the bank account grows by, $400 between 5 and 10 years after its opening. Thus, it is TRUE

The function takes the form as given below.

V(t) = Value of account.

Hence, The Statement 1 is true.

The Statement 2 is false.

The Statement 3 is true.

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What is 10 times as great as 60,000

Answers

Answer:

600,000

Step-by-step explanation:

All you need to do is multiply 60,000 by 10 and you get 600,000.

Answer:

600,000

Step-by-step explanation:

( A = Answer )

60,000 x 10 = A

&

10 x 60,000 = A

Hope this helped!

Please Help, im stuck

Please Help, im stuck

Answers

Answer:

\(6^{9} * 6^{-3}\)

If the equation of line M is 4x + 5y = 2 and the equation of line Nis
5x + 4y = 3, then line M is perpendicular to line N.
TRUE
FALSE

Answers

Answer is True


Cause I know 100% Hope I could help my friend let me know if you need any other help:)

Two friends, Francisco and Zoe, had just bought their first cars. Zoe uses 14 gallons of gas to drive 390.6 miles in her car. The graph below represents the number of miles, y, that Francisco can drive his car for every x gallon of gas.

Answers

Using linear function to solve this problem, for every 1 gallon of gas, Francisco travelled 27.9 miles

Linear Function

A linear function is a function that represents a straight line on the coordinate plane. For example, y = 3x - 2 represents a straight line on a coordinate plane and hence it represents a linear function. Since y can be replaced with f(x), this function can be written as f(x) = 3x - 2. A linear function is of the form f(x) = mx + b where 'm' and 'b' are real numbers. Isn't it looking like the slope-intercept form of a line which is expressed as y = mx + b? Yes, this is because a linear function represents a line, i.e., its graph is a line. where m is slope of the line and b is the y - intercept

We can use the data given in writing out our equation

y = Number miles coveredx = number of gallon

390.6 = 14x

If 14 gallons = 390.6 miles

 1 gallon = x miles

x = 390.6 / 14

x = 27.9 miles

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What property was used in step 1 to arrive at step 2? Step 1: 5 (x minus 7) = 55. Step What property was used in step 1 to arrive at step 2? Step 1: 5 (x minus 7) = 55. Step 2: 5 x minus 35 = 55. Step 3: 5 x = 90. Step 4: x = 18. distributive property addition property of equality subtraction property of equality division property of equality2: 5 x minus 35 = 55. Step 3: 5 x = 90. Step 4: x = 18. distributive property addition property of equality subtraction property of equality division property of equalityWhat property was used in step 1 to arrive at step 2? Step 1: 5 (x minus 7) = 55. Step 2: 5 x minus 35 = 55. Step 3: 5 x = 90. Step 4: x = 18. distributive property addition property of equality subtraction property of equality division property of equalityv

Answers

The property which was used in step 1 to arrive at step 2 is: A. distributive property.

What is the distribution property?

The distributive property states that when the sum of two (2) or more addends are multiplied by a number, the same output is produced as when each addend is multiplied respectively by the number, and the products are added together.

Mathematically, the distributive property of multiplication is given by this expression:

x(y + z) = xy + xz.

By applying the distributive property of multiplication to step 1, we have:

5(x - 7) = 55.

5x - 35 = 55

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Complete Question:

What property was used in step 1 to arrive at step 2?

Step 1: 5 (x minus 7) = 55. Step 2: 5 x minus 35 = 55. Step 3: 5 x = 90. Step 4: x = 18.

distributive property

addition property of equality

subtraction property of equality

division property of equality

Answer:

A.) Distributive property.

Step-by-step explanation:

2(3x + 4) + 2 = 4 + 3x

Answers

Answer:

x= -2

Step-by-step explanation:

Isolate the variable (x) by dividing each side by factors that don't contain the variable (x)

Hope this helps!! Please make me Brainliest!



If MN || PQ , use a proportion to find the value of x . Show your work.

Answers

The value of x using the concept of proportionality in terms of PQ is 96 divided by PQ.

To find the value of x when MN || PQ, we can use the concept of proportionality. When two lines are parallel, the corresponding angles formed by a transversal are congruent, and the corresponding sides are proportional.

Let's consider the line segments MN and PQ. We can set up a proportion using the corresponding sides:

MN/PQ = x/8

Here, MN represents one segment, PQ represents the other segment, and x is the unknown value we want to find. The length of one segment is given as 8 units.

To solve for x, we can cross-multiply:

MN * 8 = PQ * x

Now, let's assume that we have some additional information about the lengths of MN and PQ. For example, let's say that MN is 12 units long. We can substitute this value into the equation:

12 * 8 = PQ * x

Simplifying further:

96 = PQ * x

To isolate x, we divide both sides of the equation by PQ:

x = 96/PQ

It's important to note that without any specific information about the lengths of MN or PQ, we cannot determine an exact value for x. Instead, we express it as a ratio in terms of PQ.

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a girl is about to enter puberty. how long will the total process take? group of answer choices about 5 years, for every child about 2 years, for every child about 9 years, for every child a variable length of time for different girls

Answers

The total duration of the puberty process can be different for each girl who is about to enter it, as the length of time for the different stages of puberty can vary from person to person.  Hence, if a girl is about to enter puberty, the total process will take a variable length of time for different girls.

The total process of puberty for a girl can take a variable length of time, but typically it takes around 2 to 5 years to complete. The onset of puberty usually occurs between the ages of 8 and 13, with most girls starting around age 11.

The process of puberty includes physical changes such as breast development, the growth of pubic and underarm hair, and the onset of menstruation.

The duration of puberty can also depend on factors such as genetics, nutrition, and overall health. Some girls may experience a shorter or longer duration of puberty than others. However, in general, the process of puberty for a girl usually takes around 2 to 5 years to complete.

Therefore, the correct answer is "a variable length of time for different girls", but typically takes around 2 to 5 years to complete.

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solution for the inequality 6x +9 ≤ 27

Answers

Answer:

6x + 9 = 27

       -9     -9

6x = 18           Now divide both sides by 6

/6      /6            so the answer is 3

Step-by-step explanation:

[Question 1] You are working with a population of crickets. Before the mating season you check to make sure that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and you find that the population is in equilibrium. During the mating season you observe that individuals in the population will only mate with others of the same genotype (for example Dd individuals will only mate with Dd individuals). There are only two alleles at this locus ( D is dominant, d is recessive), and you have determined the frequency of the D allele =0.6 in this population. Selection acts against homozygous dominant individuals and their survivorship per generation is 80%. After one generation the frequency of DD individuals will decrease in the population. F

Answers

:According to the question:You are working with a population of crickets. Before the mating season you check to make sure that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and you find that the population is in equilibrium.

During the mating season you observe that individuals in the population will only mate with others of the same genotype (for example Dd individuals will only mate with Dd individuals). There are only two alleles at this locus ( D is dominant, d is recessive), and you have determined the frequency of the D allele =0.6 in this population. Selection acts against homozygous dominant individuals and their survivorship per generation is 80%. After one generation the frequency of DD individuals will decrease in the population.

According to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation p² + 2pq + q² = 1, the frequency of D (p) and d (q) alleles are:p + q = 1Thus, the frequency of q is 0.4. Here are the calculations for the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium:p² + 2pq + q² = 1(0.6)² + 2(0.6)(0.4) + (0.4)² = 1After simplifying, it becomes:0.36 + 0.48 + 0.16 = 1This means that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. This is confirmed as the frequencies of DD, Dd, and dd genotypes

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6. What might be the opportunity cost of a large portion of your income going toward credit
card payments each month?

Answers

You might miss out on things you would want to buy .
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