1. a. What is retrograde motion?

b. What was the original (wrong) explanation put forth by Ptolemy?

c. What was the modern (correct) explanation put forth by Copernicus?

2. Which person in the history of astronomy actually proved that the planets orbit the sun?

3. What is a light year?

4. What is an astronomical unit?

5. Explain the 3 points of evidence Galileo gave for the heliocentric model (3 things he saw with his telescope and why they were important)

please answer and explain

Answer: straight

Explanation:

If an object moves at a constant speed, the line on a distance/time graph would be straight.

Since the object is moving at a speed which is constant, it'll have a straight line because the direction of the object is not changed.

The kernel (null space) of a linear map L from a vector space V to a vector space W is a subspace of V.

To prove that the kernel (null space) of a linear map L from a vector space V to a vector space W is a subspace of V, we need to show three things: closure under vector addition, closure under scalar multiplication, and the presence of the zero vector.

1. Closure under vector addition:

Let u and v be vectors in the kernel of L, denoted as u, v ∈ ker(L). This means L(u) = 0 (the zero vector in W) and L(v) = 0. We want to show that u + v is also in the kernel of L.

Using the linearity of L, we have:

L(u + v) = L(u) + L(v) = 0 + 0 = 0

This shows that u + v is mapped to the zero vector by L, thus u + v is in the kernel of L.

2. Closure under scalar multiplication:

Let u be a vector in the kernel of L, denoted as u ∈ ker(L). This means L(u) = 0. We want to show that αu is also in the kernel of L for any scalar α.

Using the linearity of L, we have:

L(αu) = αL(u) = α0 = 0

This shows that αu is mapped to the zero vector by L, thus αu is in the kernel of L.

3. Presence of the zero vector:

The zero vector in V, denoted as 0v, is always in the kernel of any linear map because L(0v) = 0 in the codomain W.

Therefore, we have shown that the kernel of L satisfies the three conditions to be a subspace of V: closure under vector addition, closure under scalar multiplication, and the presence of the zero vector. Hence, the kernel of L is indeed a subspace of V.

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Answer:

5 i think

Explanation:

Answer:

I think its D.....

To find the current at Va = -5, 0, and +0.5 V, we need to first calculate the built-in potential (Vbi) of the Si pn junction. We know that Vbi is given by the equation: Vbi = (kT/q) ln(Na*Nd/ni^2)

Where k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature, q is the charge of an electron, Na and Nd are the doping concentrations in the p-type and n-type regions, respectively, and ni is the intrinsic carrier concentration of silicon.

Substituting the given values, we get:

Vbi = (0.026 eV) ln(2*10^17 * 5*10^15 / (1.5*10^10)^2)
   = 0.726 V

Now, using the diode equation:

I = Io (exp(qV/kT) - 1)

We can calculate the current at Va = -5 V:

I = 10^-19 (exp(-5*q/0.026) - 1)
 = -3.82*10^-9 A

At Va = 0 V:

I = 10^-19 (exp(0) - 1)
 = -9.74*10^-20 A

And at Va = 0.5 V:

I = 10^-19 (exp(0.5*q/0.026) - 1)
 = 2.09*10^-11 A

It is important to note that these currents are in the reverse bias direction, as Va is negative. Also, the calculated values are very small, which is typical for a Si pn junction under reverse bias conditions. The leakage current Io is a measure of the amount of current that flows in the absence of any applied voltage, and it is usually very small compared to the current that flows under forward bias conditions.

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The resultant velocity will have largest absolute value when the two velocities are parallel and moving opposite direction.

option B is the correct answer

The resultant velocity of two vectors is the single vector that can represent the two vectors effectively in terms of magnitude and direction.

Mathematically, the formula for determining the resultant of two vectors is given as;

R² = v₁² + v₂² - 2v₁v₂cos(θ)

where;

From the above formula, the resultant velocity will have largest absolute value when;

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Answer:

Cosmic Radiation.

Terrestrial Radiation.

Internal Radiation.

Explanation:

Answer: Cosmic Radiation.

Terrestrial Radiation.

Internal Radiation.

Explanation:

The Carnot heat engine absorbs 8.3 J of heat per cycle from the high-temperature reservoir.

The efficiency of a Carnot heat engine is given by the equation:

Efficiency = 1 - (Tc/Th)

where Tc is the temperature of the cold reservoir and Th is the temperature of the hot reservoir.

In this case, the temperatures are given as 500°C and 30°C, respectively. We can calculate the efficiency of the engine using these values:

Efficiency = 1 - (30 + 273.15)/(500 + 273.15) ≈ 0.8208

The efficiency of a Carnot heat engine is also defined as the ratio of the work done by the engine to the heat absorbed from the high-temperature reservoir:

Efficiency = Work/Heat absorbed from high-temperature reservoir

We know that the engine does 2.2 J of work per cycle, so we can rearrange the equation to solve for the heat absorbed from the high-temperature reservoir:

Heat absorbed from high-temperature reservoir = Work/Efficiency

Heat absorbed from high-temperature reservoir = 2.2 J / 0.8208 ≈ 2.68 J

Therefore, the Carnot heat engine absorbs approximately 2.68 J of heat per cycle from the high-temperature reservoir.

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The distance up to where the child lift the dog into the house with a work done of 103.4 j is found to be 4.7 m.

An object's distance is its overall motion, regardless of direction. The length of time that an object has traveled, regardless of where it started or ended, is referred to as distance.

The work done by a force is equal to:

W = Fd

where,

W is the work

F is the force applied

The force is exerted over the distance (d).

For our case, the mass of the dog is equivalent to the force required to hoist it:

F=22 N

and the work done by the child to lift the dog is 103.4 j.

To calculate the distance is:

W = Fd

d = W / F

 = 103.4 / 22

 = 4.7 M

Therefore , the dog is moved through a distance of 4.7 m

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Answer: hello your question is poorly written attached below is the well written question

answer: 4.9 * 10^-5 T

Explanation:

Current ( i ) = 39.30 A

Determine the magnitude of the B-field at Point P

Mag of B-field at Point P = μo*I / 2π*r --- ( 1 )

where : I = 39.30 , μo = 4π * 10^-7 , r = 8*10^(-2)

Input values into equation 1

( 10^-7 * 39.30 ) / ( 8*10^-2 )

∴ Mag of B-field = 4.9 * 10^-5 T

Answer:

The rate of change of distance is defined as speed.

Explanation:

The speed is defined as the rate of change of distance.

Speed = distance/ time

When we know the distance and the time, we get the value of speed. So, e know that who is moving fast or slow.

hen a graph is pltted beteen the distance and time, the slope of the graph gives the value of speed. So, by checking the slopes, hoseslope ismore, the speed is more and thusit is moving faster.

So, i agree with the statement.  

Answer:

1 : 2 (30 : 60)

Explanation:

The rate of increase of the Earth's gravity field at latitudes 30° and 60° are in the ratio 1 : 2 because 30 : 60 simplified is 1 : 2.

If the answer does not ask for the ratio to be simplified leave its as 30 : 60.

The period of the wave is the inverse of the frequency. The distance between the two successive crest or troughs is known as the wavelength. The period of the wave is 0.020 s.

The time taken by the particle of the medium to complete one vibration is defined as the period of the wave. The number of oscillations per second is known as the frequency. The equation used to calculate the period of a wave is:

T = 1 / f

The frequency of a wave is:

f = ν / λ

f = 129 m/s / 2.6 m

f = 49.6 Hz

Then the period of a wave is:

T = 1 / f

T = 1 /  49.6

T = 0.020 s

Thus the period of a wave is 0.020 s.

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Answer:

A) d_o = 20.7 cm

B) h_i = 1.014 m

Explanation:

A) To solve this, we will use the lens equation formula;

1/f = 1/d_o + 1/d_i

Where;

f is focal Length = 20 cm = 0.2

d_o is object distance

d_i is image distance = 6m

1/0.2 = 1/d_o + 1/6

1/d_o = 1/0.2 - 1/6

1/d_o = 4.8333

d_o = 1/4.8333

d_o = 0.207 m

d_o = 20.7 cm

B) to solve this, we will use the magnification equation;

M = h_i/h_o = d_i/d_o

Where;

h_o = 3.5 cm = 0.035 m

d_i = 6 m

d_o = 20.7 cm = 0.207 m

Thus;

h_i = (6/0.207) × 0.035

h_i = 1.014 m

7. Gravitational force is an attractive force that always exists between any two objects with mass. Gravitational fields are usually studied on a macroscopic scale, such as with planets and stars

8. Planets orbit stars because of the gravitational force between them.

9. The strength of an object's gravitational field is determined by its mass and distance from other objects.

Gravitational force  is described as the  force of attraction between any two bodies is directly proportional to the product of their masses and is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

The gravitational force of the star attracts the planet towards it which makes it tp move  in a curved path around the star.

The gravitational force between the planet and the star is the reason why the planet move in an elliptical orbit around the star.

The strength of an object's gravitational field is determined by its mass and the distance between it and other objects, and has an important function of shaping the dynamics and structure of the universe.

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Answer:

Illegal drugs are dangerous because once someone starts doing drugs they go insane for more and their demand for my drugs can be so dangerous that they would even sometimes harm the people close to them and, In some cases people start to hate them selves and some even killed themselves.

One astronomical unit (AU) is defined as the average distance between the Earth and the Sun, which is approximately 149.6 million kilometers. Therefore, to convert AU to kilometers, we can multiply the distance by 149.6 million.

The closest Venus comes to Earth is 0.28 AU, which is equal to 0.28 x 149.6 million = 41.888 million kilometers.

The closest Mars comes to Earth is 0.37 AU, which is equal to 0.37 x 149.6 million = 55.352 million kilometers.

Therefore, Venus comes about 13.464 million kilometers closer to Earth than Mars does.

The color of light that travels faster in crown glass is red.

The speed of light in crown glass is the speed of light in a vacuum divided by the index of refraction of crown glass.

The speed of light traveling in vacuum = 3 times 10 to the 8 meters per second

The index of refraction of the crown glass for red light = 1.513

The index of refraction of the crown glass for blue light = 1.529

Therefore:

The speed of red color = 1.983 times 10 to the 8 meters per second

The speed of blue color = 1.962 times 10 to the 8 meters per second

Hence, the red light travels faster.

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the work done to raise a 25kg book to a 1.5 m shelf is 367.5J and the potential energy of the book will be 367.5

Work done by a force is equal to the scalar product of the force applied and displacement. If d displacement happens on applying a force F, then work done, W by the force is

W = F. d

given:

mass, m = 25 kg

height, d = 1.50 m

work has to be done against the weight of the book, F = mg

work done W = F. d

W = mgd

W = (25) ×(9.8)×(1.50)

W = 367.5 J

This work is stored as the potential energy of the book.

Therefore, the work done to raise a 25kg book to a 1.5 m shelf is 367.5J and the potential energy of the book will be 367.5J

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Answer: B, Ice has a lower density than liquid water.

Answer:

allah is pog

Explanation:

The information which is used to figure out what the new species eats can be derived from the type and length of the structures such as teeth which are found in the jaw.

This is a part of the body which is located in the lower part of he mouth and houses structures such as the teeth and the tongue.

The shape and length of the structures will help us to know the type of diet the animal takes. Let's take for example we have a carnassial, or shearing, teeth which is synonymous with that of a carnivore and is used for eating flesh.

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B. The Moon's Formation

1. Scientists hypothesize that the Moon formed from rock that was in a ring around Earth. This ring formed when Earth collided with an object about the size of Mars.

2. Craters form when objects impact into the surface of another object.

a. Light-colored streaks called rays extend in all directions from some craters.

b. On Earth, wind, water, and plate tectonics have erased craters. The Moon has no wind, water, or plate tectonics.

3. Large, flat areas on the Moon are called maria. They formed after most impacts on the Moon's surface had stopped; lava flowed up through the Moon's crust and solidified, covering many craters and other features and then solidifying.

4. Highlands are light-colored areas on the Moon's surface.

C. The Moon's Motion

In terms of formation, scientists hypothesize that the Moon formed from rock that was in a ring around Earth after a collision with an object the size of Mars. This collision caused debris from Earth to be ejected into space, eventually coming together to form the Moon.

Therefore, this passage also explains how craters form on the Moon's surface when objects impact into it. Some craters have light-colored streaks called rays that extend in all directions from them. The Moon's lack of wind, water, and plate tectonics has prevented these craters from being erased like they are on Earth.

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See text below



B. The Moon's Formation

1. Scientists hypothesize that ---formed from rock that was

in a ring around Earth. This ring formed when -- collided with an object about the size of Mars.

2. Craters form when objects ----into the surface of another object.

a. Light-colored streaks called ---extend in all directions from some craters.

b. On Earth, wind, water, and plate tectonics have erased craters. The ----- has no wind, water, or plate tectonics.

3. Large, flat areas on the Moon are called  -----They formed after most impacts on the Moon's surface had stopped; lava flowed up through the Moon's crust and solidified, covering many craters and other features and then solidifying.

4. ----are light-colored areas on the Moon's surface.

C. The Moon's Motion

1. The amount of time it takes the Moon to revolve once around Earth is ----

the amount of time it takes the Moon to make one rotation. One revolution of the Moon around Earth takes -----days.

Answer:

They subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass

Hope this helps

Please mark as the brainliest

Answer:

However, to mention a few, there are other units of speed such as meters per second, feet per second, light-years per millennium, and knots. Feet per second, but specially meters per second are usually used to measure speed of animals, humans, and free fall objects. Knots is used to measure the speed of ship and/or boats.

Explanation:

Answer:

Pressure means physical force that is another person or object.

Considering the coordinates of the radars as well as the direction of the object in order to determine the object's position in terms of distance and angle. Sincе thе radars arе situatеd at (0,0) and thе sеcond radar is on thе еast sidе of thе first onе, wе can assumе that thе first radar is locatеd on thе x-pivot and thе sеcond radar is locatеd on thе positivе y-hub.

Lеt's say thе objеct is dеtеctеd at coordinatеs (x, y). The objесt's y-coordinativity will be negative and its x-coordinativity positive as it approaches the southern direction in the first quadrant.

We can use the distancе formula to determine the object's diameter from its origin (0, 0):

Distancée = (x + y) 2 The angle can be calculated with trigonometry. The angle can be summarized as:

= arctan(y/x) ii) We must consider the circles of overlap for each radar in order to calculate the overlap from the radar signal intersection in the first quadrant.

Due to the fact that both radars have distinctive overlap and divide the covered area into circles, the overlapped area will be the intersection of these circles.

Thе ovеrlapping arеa can bе calculatеd by finding thе arеa of thе intеrsеction of two circlеs. The formula for the area of the intersection of two circles can be complex and depends on the specific radii and dimensions that exist between the circles' centers.

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Answer:

A causes free electrons to flow

Explanation:

The amount of force that causes electrons to flow in a conductor is called electromotive force.